1,3-Propanediol
- Iupac Name：propane-1,3-diol
- CAS No.: 504-63-2
- Molecular Weight：76.09440
- Modify Date.: 2022-11-22 22:15
- Introduction: 1,3-Propanediol is prepared as a by-product in the manufactureof glycerin by the saponification of fat . It is used tolower the freezing point of water and as a chemical intermediate.Industrial exposure is limited.
View more+
1. Names and Identifiers
- 1.1 Name
- 1,3-Propanediol
- 1.2 Synonyms
1 3 -PROPANEDIOL (PROPANDIOL ) 1,3-Dihydroxypropane 1,3-Dihydroxypropane,Bio-PDO,PG 1,3-Propandeiol 1,3-PROPANDIOL 1,3-Propane diol 1,3-PROPANEDIOL FOR SYNTHESIS 1,3-Propylene glycol 1,3-Propylenediol 1,3-prpanediol 2-Deoxyglycerol EINECS 207-997-3 I,3-Propandiol KARL FISCHER WATER STANDARD 100 Μ MFCD00002949 PDO Propan-1,3-diol Propane-1,3-diol RiceBran Ferment(Saccharomyes/Rice Bran Ferment&Aspergillu Ferment&Propanediol) Trimethylene glycol
- 1.3 CAS No.
- 504-63-2
- 1.4 CID
- 10442
- 1.5 EINECS(EC#)
- 207-997-3
- 1.6 Molecular Formula
- C3H8O2 (isomer)
- 1.7 Inchi
- InChI=1S/C3H8O2/c4-2-1-3-5/h4-5H,1-3H2
- 1.8 InChkey
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- 1.9 Canonical Smiles
- C(CO)CO
- 1.10 Isomers Smiles
- C(CO)CO
2. Properties
- 2.1 Density
- 1.053g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
- 2.1 Melting point
- -32 °C
- 2.1 Boiling point
- 214°C760mm Hg(lit.)
- 2.1 Refractive index
- n20/D 1.440(lit.)
- 2.1 Flash Point
- >230°F
- 2.1 Precise Quality
- 76.05240
- 2.1 PSA
- 40.46000
- 2.1 logP
- -0.63890
- 2.1 Solubility
- H2O: soluble
- 2.2 AnalyticLaboratory Methods
- Analyte: zinc acetate;; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with sodium acetate; or ammonium sulfide yields a white precipitate, with hydrogen sulfide;, that is insoluble in acetic acid; but soluble in hydrochloric acid;; reaction with potassium ferricyanide; yields a white precipitate that is insoluble in hydrochloric acid; (zinc; test)
- 2.3 Appearance
- Liquid; OtherSolid, Liquid
- 2.4 Storage
- Ambient temperatures.
- 2.5 Chemical Properties
- Colorless oil liquid; odorless. Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Combustible.
- 2.6 Color/Form
- Colorless to pale yellow, very viscid liquid
- 2.7 Decomposition
- When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /zinc oxide;/.
- 2.8 PH
- 4.5-7.0 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
- 2.9 Physical
- Obtained in both anhydrous form and as a dihydrate. Both are white crystalline solids. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used to preserve wood, to make other zinc; compounds, as a food and feed additive.
- 2.10 pKa
- 14.46±0.10(Predicted)
- 2.11 Water Solubility
- 100 g/L
- 2.12 Stability
- Chemical stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
- 2.13 StorageTemp
- Store below +30°C.
3. Use and Manufacturing
- 3.1 Methods of Manufacturing
- One commercial route to 1,3-propanediol starts from acrolein. The addition of water under mild acidic conditions gives 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde with high selectivity. Preferentially buffer solutions with a pH 4-5 or weak acidic ion exchange resins are used as catalysts. Further hydrogenation of this aqueous solutions gives 1,3-propanediol. There is an alternative route via hydroformylation of ethylene oxide and subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. More recently a fermentation route from corn sugar has been commercialized.|Prepared by reduction of ethyl glycidate with lithium aluminum hydride.
- 3.2 Purification Methods
- Dry this diol with K2CO3 and distil it under reduced pressure. More extensive purification involves conversion with benzaldehyde to 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (m 47-48o) which is subsequently decomposed by shaking with 0.5M HCl (3mL/g) for 15minutes and standing overnight at room temperature. After neutralisation with K2CO3, the benzaldehyde is removed by steam distillation and the diol is recovered from the remaining aqueous solution by continuous extraction with CHCl3 for 1day. The extract is dried with K2CO3, the CHCl3 is evaporated and the diol is distilled. [Foster et al. Tetrahedron 6 177 1961, Beilstein 1 IV 2493.] 1,3-Propanediol Preparation Products And Raw materials Preparation Products
- 3.3 Usage
- 1,3-Propanediol is prepared as a by-product in the manufactureof glycerin by the saponification of fat . It is used tolower the freezing point of water and as a chemical intermediate.Industrial exposure is limited.
4. Safety and Handling
- 4.1 Hazard Codes
- Xi
- 4.1 Risk Statements
- 38
- 4.1 Safety Statements
- S23-S24/25
- 4.1 Hazard Declaration
- H315
- 4.1 RIDADR
- 无资料?
- 4.1 Caution Statement
- P264, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, P362
- 4.1 WGK Germany
- 1
- 4.1 RTECS
- TY2010000
- 4.1 Report
-
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
- 4.2 Safety
-
Safety Statements: 23-24/25?
S23:Do not breathe vapour.?
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: TY2010000
HS Code: 29053980
Mildly toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also 1,2-PROPANEDIOL.
- 4.3 Specification
-
?1,3-Propanediol (CAS NO.504-63-2) is also named as?1,3-Dihydroxypropane ; 1,3-Propylene glycol ; 1,3-Propylenediol ; 2-(Hydroxymethyl)ethanol ; 2-Deoxyglycerol ; 4-01-00-02493 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) ; AI3-01851 ; BRN 0969155 ; NSC 65426 ; PG ; Trimethylene glycol ; beta-Propylene glycol ; omega-Propanediol?.?1,3-Propanediol (CAS NO.504-63-2) is clear oily liquid.
- 4.4 Toxicity
- LD50 orally in Rabbit: 15670 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 20000 mg/kg
5. MSDS
2.Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Not classified.
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) | No symbol. |
| Signal word | No signal word. |
| Hazard statement(s) | none |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | none |
| Response | none |
| Storage | none |
| Disposal | none |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
none
7. Synthesis Route
504-63-2Total: 52 Synthesis Route
9. Other Information
- 9.0 Storage Conditions
- One commercial route to 1,3-propanediol starts from acrolein. The addition of water under mild acidic conditions gives 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde with high selectivity. Preferentially buffer solutions with a pH 4-5 or weak acidic ion exchange resins are used as catalysts. Further hydrogenation of this aqueous solutions gives 1,3-propanediol. There is an alternative route via hydroformylation of ethylene oxide and subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde. More recently a fermentation route from corn sugar has been commercialized.|Prepared by reduction of ethyl glycidate with lithium aluminum hydride.
- 9.1 Henrys Law Constant
- Henry's Law constant = 1.74X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
- 9.2 Experimental Properties
- BP: 209.5 °C; density: 1.070 g/cu cm at 14 °C; index of refraction: 1.4192 at 25 °C/D; very soluble in water; soluble in ethanol /1,3-Propanediol diacetate/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 9.73X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)
- 9.3 Autoignition Temperature
- Ignition Temp: 752 °F/ 400 °C
- 9.4 Disposal Methods
- SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
- 9.5 Personal Protective Equipment
- Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate, use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. the type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
- 9.6 Fire Fighting Procedures
- Extinguishing method: alcohol resistant fire fighting foam.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
- 9.7 Cleanup Methods
- Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
- 9.8 Preventive Measures
- Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.
- 9.9 Environmental Concentrations
- 1,3-Propanediol was detected in 13% of 54 electronic cigarette liquid samples at a mean of 0.6 g/100g; samples were purchased from 13 online venders representing 5 different countries of origin (8-Germany, 1-Spain, 3-United Kingdom, 1-Romania)(1). 1,3-Propanediol is listed as an ingredient in commercial and home cleaning products, and personal care products(2).
- 9.10 Pollution Sources
- 1,3-Propanediol's production and use as an anti-freeze and de-icing product; in building materials (including floor coverings); apparel and footwear care products; ink, toner and colorant products; laundry and dishwashing products; and personal care products(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
- 9.11 Environmental Fate
- TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-propanediol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3-propanediol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 1,3-Propanediol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.044 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). A 11-16% of theoretical BOD using sewage sludge in a 5 day BOD test(4) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1,3-propanediol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 1,3-Propanediol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of -1.04(5) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 11-16% of theoretical BOD using sewage sludge in a 5 day BOD test(6) suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3-propanediol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.044 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3-propanediol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 40 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 1,3-Propanediol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
- 9.12 Abiotic Degradation
- The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,3-propanediol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 40 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1,3-Propanediol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). 1,3-Propanediol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
- 9.13 Bioconcentration
- An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 1,3-propanediol(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.04(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
- 9.14 Mobility
- Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 1,3-propanediol can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,3-propanediol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.
- 9.15 Volatilization
- The Henry's Law constant for 1,3-propanediol is estimated as 1.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,3-propanediol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(2). 1,3-Propanediol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.044 mm Hg(3).
- 9.16 Human Exposure
- According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 5 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the manufacturing, processing, or use of 1,3-propanediol in the United States may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 50-99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 12,083 workers (126 of these are female) were potentially exposed to 1,3-propanediol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1,3-propanediol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,3-propanediol is produced or used. Monitoring and use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 1,3-propanediol via dermal contact with consumer products, and inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors containing 1,3-propanediol(SRC).
- 9.17 Antidote
- /SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethylene glycol, glycols, and related compounds/
- 9.18 Human Toxicity Excerpts
- /CASE REPORTS/ The decomposed body of a 45-year-old female was found, face down, in a mobile home, along with a suicide note and two antifreeze containers. Analysis of the body fluid collected from the decedent showed the presence of 58 mg/dL ethanol, but suspected ethylene glycol was not found in the sample. However, an unusually large peak of internal standard, 1,3-propanediol, was found in the sample. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of 1,3-propanediol in the sample. Using gas chromatography-flame-ionization detection, the concentration of 1,3-propanediol was determined to be 445 mg/dL. To our knowledge, this is the first report involving 1,3-propanediol as the cause of death. The study also highlights the importance for the close scrutiny of data, as 1,3-propanediol is a frequently used internal standard for the assay of glycols.
- 9.19 Mesh Entry Terms
- 1,3-propanediol
- 9.20 Production
- 50,000,000 - 100,000,000 lb|Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: 1,3-Propanediol. National Production Volume: 69,715,403 lb/yr.
- 9.21 Manufacturing Info
- All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|1,3-Propanediol: ACTIVE
- 9.22 Use Classification
- EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Enzymes and Enzyme Stabilizers;Solvents|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern
- 9.23 Usage
- 1,3-Propanediol is used as a solvent for thin film preparations, in the production of polymers such as polytrimethylene terephthalate, adhesives, laminates, coatings, moldings, aliphatic polyesters, as an antifreeze and in wood paint. It also acts as a reagent for vinyl epoxide synthon, for epoxide ring-opening, for polymerization reactions and for natural product syntheses.
- 9.24 Merck
- 14,9714
- 9.25 BRN
- 969155
- 9.26 Chemical Properties
- Colorless oil liquid; odorless. Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Combustible.
- 9.27 Chemical Properties
- 1,3-Propanediol, an isomer of propylene glycol, is a viscous, colorless, odorless, hygroscopic liquid that has a brackish irritating taste .
- 9.28 Uses
- 1,3-Propanediol is prepared as a by-product in the manufacture of glycerin by the saponification of fat . It is used to lower the freezing point of water and as a chemical intermediate. Industrial exposure is limited.
- 9.29 Uses
- Solvent for thin film preparations.1 Vinyl epoxide synthon2 and reagent for epoxide ring-opening3 and polymerization reactions.4 Reagent for natural product syntheses.5
- 9.30 Purification Methods
- Dry this diol with K2CO3 and distil it under reduced pressure. More extensive purification involves conversion with benzaldehyde to 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane (m 47-48o) which is subsequently decomposed by shaking with 0.5M HCl (3mL/g) for 15minutes and standing overnight at room temperature. After neutralisation with K2CO3, the benzaldehyde is removed by steam distillation and the diol is recovered from the remaining aqueous solution by continuous extraction with CHCl3 for 1day. The extract is dried with K2CO3, the CHCl3 is evaporated and the diol is distilled. [Foster et al. Tetrahedron 6 177 1961, Beilstein 1 IV 2493.]
10. Computational chemical data
- Molecular Weight: 76.09440g/mol
- Molecular Formula: C3H8O2
- Compound Is Canonicalized: True
- XLogP3-AA: null
- Exact Mass: 76.052429494
- Monoisotopic Mass: 76.052429494
- Complexity: 12.4
- Rotatable Bond Count: 2
- Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
- Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
- Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5
- Heavy Atom Count: 5
- Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Isotope Atom Count: 0
- Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
- CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADccBAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGgAACAAACACggAIAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAAAAQAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
11. Recommended Suppliers
-
- Products:chemicals, pharmaceutical intermediates,
- Tel:00-86-8615603117060
- Email:sales01@cn-js.cn
-
- Products:chemicals
- Tel:0311-18503114-031178503114
- Email:andy@rilonchem.com
-
- Products:Chemical raw materials, pharmaceutical intermediates 4f-adb;5cl-adb-a;eutylone;U48800;BK-EBDP;SGT78
- Tel:+86-0311-13373049538
- Email:admin@sunton88.com
-
- Products:chemical industry and Pharmaceutical Intermediates products
- Tel:0086-0311-888888
- Email:jessica@zhanyaobio.com
-
- Products:pharmaceutical intermediates Organic raw materialsAnimal and plant extracts1.4BDO, Eutylone,4MMC, JWH ,SGT Peptide, Steroids, Benzos,Dissociatives
- Tel:86-311-18931626169
- Email:accountmanager1@yeah.net
12. Realated Product Infomation
skype
1YR
