Acesulfame potassium

Iupac Name：potassium;6-methyl-2,2-dioxo-1-oxa-2$l^{6}-thia-3-azanidacyclohex-5-en-4-one

Molecular Weight：201.237

Modify Date.: 2022-12-09 10:52

Introduction: 'New generation', heat-stable sweetener that has not been suspected to cause cancer nor be genotoxic. Allelic variation of the Tas1r3 gene affects behavioral taste responses to this molecule, suggesting that it is a T1R3 receptor ligand. View more+

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1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name: Acesulfame potassium
1.2 Synonyms: 1,2,3-Oxathiazin-4(3H)-one, 6-methyl-, 2,2-dioxide, potassium salt 1,2,3-Oxathiazin-4(3H)-one, 6-methyl-, 2,2-dioxide, potassium salt (1:1) 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-ol, 6-methyl-, 2,2-dioxide, potassium salt (1:1) 6-METHYL-1,2,3-OXATHIAZIN-4(3H)-ONE 2,2-DIOXIDE POTASSIUM SALT 6-Methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide, potassium salt ace-SUHL-faym ACESULFAME K ACESULFAME POTASSIUM SALT ACESULFAME POTASSIUM(AK) Acesulfame-K Acesulfam-K Acesulfaml-K ACESULPHAME-K ACESULPHAMEPOTASSIUM ASPARTAMEACESULPHAMESALT EINECS 259-715-3 MFCD00043833 Potassium 6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide Potassium 6-methyl-4-oxo-4H-1,2,3-oxathiazin-3-ide 2,2-dioxide Potassium acesulfame potassiumacesulfame POTASSIUMACESULFAMEK SUNETTE SWEET ONE

1.3 CAS No.: 55589-62-3

1.4 CID: 11074431

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 259-715-3

1.6 Molecular Formula: C4H4KNO4S (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/C4H5NO4S.K/c1-3-2-4(6)5-10(7,8)9-3;/h2H,1H3,(H,5,6);/q;+1/p-1

1.8 InChkey: WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M

1.9 Canonical Smiles: [K+].CC1=CC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)O1

1.10 Isomers Smiles: CC1=CC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)O1.[K+]

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 1.512

2.1 Melting point: 229-232℃ (dec.)

2.1 Boiling point: 332.7°C at 760 mmHg

2.1 Flash Point: 155°C

2.1 Precise Quality: 200.95000

2.1 PSA: 68.82000

2.1 logP: 0.47680

2.1 Appearance: White, odorless, free flowing crystalline powder

2.2 Chemical Properties: White to Off-White Solid

2.3 Color/Form: White crystalline solid

2.4 Odor: odorless with sweet taste

2.5 Water Solubility: Very soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol

2.6 StorageTemp: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 History: Acesulfame-K, the potassium salt of acesulfame, is a sweetener that resembles saccharin in structure and taste profile. 5,6-Dimethyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide, the first of many sweet compounds belonging to the dihydrooxathiazinone dioxide class, was discovered accidentally in 1967. From these many sweet compounds, acesulfame was chosen for commercialization. To improve water solubility, the potassium salt was made. Acesulfame-K (Sunett) was approved for dry product use in the United States in 1988 and in Canada in October, 1994. In 2003, acesulfame-K was approved as a general purposes sweetener by the FDA.

3.2 Methods of Manufacturing: A 50percent SO3-dichloromethane solution and a 21.7percent intermediate-dichloromethane solution were used.The high-pressure liquid advection pump continuously feeds into the microchannel reactor 1 for the cyclization reaction.The key reaction component of SO3 and the intermediate reaction molar ratio of 6:1, cyclizing agent and the intermediate solution of the feed volume ratio of 1:1.6;The cyclization solution enters the microchannel reactor 2 for hydrolysis, and the amount of water is 5 times the excess SO3.The control temperatures of the cyclization and hydrolysis reactors were 4.5°C and 1.5°C, respectively.The liquefaction hourly space velocity of the cyclization reactor was 1890 h-1.The product flowing from the hydrolysis reactor is phase separated, Dichloromethane extraction, water extraction three times and then neutralized by KOH aqueous solution, taking a little neutralizing solution diluted with water to a certain volume, The ASK concentration was analyzed by liquid chromatography and the ASK yield was calculated.The yield was 56.7percent.

3.3 Produe Method: Acesulfame potassium is synthesized from acetoacetic acid tertbutylester and fluorosulfonyl isocyanate. The resulting compoundis transformed to fluorosulfonyl acetoacetic acid amide, which isthen cyclized in the presence of potassium hydroxide to form theoxathiazinone dioxide ring system. Because of the strong acidity ofthis compound, the potassium salt is produced directly.An alternative synthesis route for acesulfame potassium startswith the reaction between diketene and amidosulfonic acid. In thepresence of dehydrating agents, and after neutralization withpotassium hydroxide, acesulfame potassium is formed.

3.4 Usage: 'New generation', heat-stable sweetener that has not been suspected to cause cancer nor be genotoxic. Allelic variation of the Tas1r3 gene affects behavioral taste responses to this molecule, suggesting that it is a T1R3 receptor ligand.

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Risk Statements: R36/37/38

4.1 Safety Statements: S26

4.1 Hazard Declaration: H319

4.1 RIDADR: 25kgs

4.1 Safety Profile: When heated to decompositionemits toxic fumes of SOx.

4.2 Caution Statement: P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P33, P313

4.2 WGK Germany: 1

4.2 RTECS: RP4489165

4.2 Safety: Risk Statements: 36/37/38?
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
Safety Statements 26-36/37/39?
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: RP4489165
As?with aspartame,sucralose,saccharin, and other sweeteners that are sweeter than common sugars, there is concern over the safety of acesulfame potassium. Although studies of these sweeteners show varying and controversial degrees of dietary safety,USFDA (the United States Food and Drug Administration) has approved these for use as general-purpose sweetening agents. Critics of the use of acesulfame potassium say the chemical has not been studied adequately and may be carcinogenic, although these claims have been dismissed by the USFDA and by equivalent authorities in the European Union.
Based largely on animal studies,Several potential problems associated with the use of acesulfame have been raised:
1. been shown to stimulate insulin secretion in rats in a dose dependent fashion thereby possibly aggravating reactive hypoglycemia ("low blood sugar attacks").
2.?no increased incidence of tumors in response to administration of acesulfame K.

4.3 Specification: White to Off-White Solid
usageEng:'New generation', heat-stable sweetener that has not been suspected to cause cancer nor be genotoxic. Allelic variation of the Tas1r3 gene affects behavioral taste responses to this molecule, suggesting that it is a T1R3 receptor ligand.
Safety Statements:26-36/37/39
26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection

4.4 Toxicity: LD50 in rats (mg/kg): 7431 orally, 2243 i.p. (Mayer, Kemper)

5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Not classified.

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)	No symbol.
Signal word	No signal word.
Hazard statement(s)	none
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	none
Response	none
Storage	none
Disposal	none

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. NMR Spectrum

13C NMR : Predict

1H NMR : Predict

7. Synthesis Route

55589-62-3Total: 3 Synthesis Route

5977-14-0 40 Suppliers

55589-62-3 404 Suppliers

Literatures:
Synthesis, , # 5 p. 405 - 406
Yield: null

99911-48-5

55589-62-3 404 Suppliers

Literatures:
Synthesis, , # 5 p. 405 - 406
Yield: null

33665-90-6 155 Suppliers

55589-62-3 404 Suppliers

Literatures:
US2009/318686 A1, ; Page/Page column 6-7 ;
Yield: null

8. Precursor and Product

precursor:

33665-90-6

99911-48-5

5977-14-0

product :

33665-90-6

9. Other Information

9.0 Storage Conditions: A 50percent SO3-dichloromethane solution and a 21.7percent intermediate-dichloromethane solution were used.The high-pressure liquid advection pump continuously feeds into the microchannel reactor 1 for the cyclization reaction.The key reaction component of SO3 and the intermediate reaction molar ratio of 6:1, cyclizing agent and the intermediate solution of the feed volume ratio of 1:1.6;The cyclization solution enters the microchannel reactor 2 for hydrolysis, and the amount of water is 5 times the excess SO3.The control temperatures of the cyclization and hydrolysis reactors were 4.5°C and 1.5°C, respectively.The liquefaction hourly space velocity of the cyclization reactor was 1890 h-1.The product flowing from the hydrolysis reactor is phase separated, Dichloromethane extraction, water extraction three times and then neutralized by KOH aqueous solution, taking a little neutralizing solution diluted with water to a certain volume, The ASK concentration was analyzed by liquid chromatography and the ASK yield was calculated.The yield was 56.7percent.

9.1 Merck: 14,37

9.2 BRN: 3637857

9.3 Chemical Properties: White to Off-White Solid

9.4 Chemical Properties: Acesulfame potassium occurs as a colorless to white-colored, odorless, crystalline powder with an intensely sweet taste.

9.5 Originator: Acesulfame Potassium ,Hoechst

9.6 History: Acesulfame-K, the potassium salt of acesulfame, is a sweetener that resembles saccharin in structure and taste profile. 5,6-Dimethyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide, the first of many sweet compounds belonging to the dihydrooxathiazinone dioxide class, was discovered accidentally in 1967. From these many sweet compounds, acesulfame was chosen for commercialization. To improve water solubility, the potassium salt was made. Acesulfame-K (Sunett) was approved for dry product use in the United States in 1988 and in Canada in October, 1994. In 2003, acesulfame-K was approved as a general purposes sweetener by the FDA.

9.7 Uses: 'New generation', heat-stable sweetener that has not been suspected to cause cancer nor be genotoxic. Allelic variation of the Tas1r3 gene affects behavioral taste responses to this molecule, suggesting that it is a T1R3 receptor ligand.

9.8 Uses: Potassium salt as sweetener for foods, cosmetics.

9.9 Uses: Acesulfame-K is the potassium salt of 6-methyl-l,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)- one-2,2-dioxide. This sweetener was discovered in Germany and was first approved by the FDA in 1988 for use as a nonnutritive sweetener. The complex chemical name of this substance led to the creation of the trademark common name, acesulfame-K, which is based on its following relationships to acetocetic acid and sulfanic acid, and to its potassium salt nature.
Acesulfame-K is 200 times as sweet as sugar and is not metabolized and is thus noncaloric. It is exceptionally stable at elevated temperatures encountered in baking, and it is also stable in acidic products, such as carbonated soft drinks. It has a synergistic effect when mixed with other low-calorie sweetners, such as aspartame. Common applications of acesulfame-K are table uses, chewing gums, beverages, foods, bakery products, confectionary, oral hygiene products, and pharmaceuticals.

9.10 Production Methods: Acesulfame potassium is synthesized from acetoacetic acid tertbutyl ester and fluorosulfonyl isocyanate. The resulting compound is transformed to fluorosulfonyl acetoacetic acid amide, which is then cyclized in the presence of potassium hydroxide to form the oxathiazinone dioxide ring system. Because of the strong acidity of this compound, the potassium salt is produced directly.
An alternative synthesis route for acesulfame potassium starts with the reaction between diketene and amidosulfonic acid. In the presence of dehydrating agents, and after neutralization with potassium hydroxide, acesulfame potassium is formed.

9.11 Production Methods: The principal commercial process for acesulfame-K is depicted below:

9.12 Manufacturing Process: 80 g (1.096 mol) of dimethylethylamine were added drop-wise, with cooling, to 80 g (0.825 mol) of sulfamic acid suspended in 500 ml of glacial acetic acid. When dissolution was complete, 80 ml (1.038 mol) of diketene were added, while cooling at 25°-35°C. After 16 hours, the mixture was evaporated and the residue was stirred with acetone, whereupon crystallization of dimethylethylammonium acetoacetamide-N-sulfonate took place. Yield: 110 g (43%), melting point 73°-75°C.
12.7 g (50 mmol) of dimethylethylammonium acetoacetamide-N-sulfonate in 110 ml of methylene chloride were added drop-wise to 8 ml (200 mmol) of liquid SO3 in 100 ml of CH2Cl2 at -30°C, stirring vigorously, within 60 minutes. 30 minutes later, 50 ml of ethyl acetate and 50 g of ice were added to the solution. The organic phase was separated off, and the aqueous phase was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated and the residue was dissolved in methanol. On neutralization of the solution with methanolic KOH, the potassium salt of 6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-one 2,2-dioxide precipitated out. Yield: 7.3 g (73%). The product was detected by thinlayer chromatography; the structure of it was confirmed with IR spectrum.

9.13 Therapeutic Function: Pharmaceutic aid

9.14 Pharmaceutical Applications: Acesulfame potassium is used as an intense sweetening agent in cosmetics, foods, beverage products, table-top sweeteners, vitamin and pharmaceutical preparations, including powder mixes, tablets, and liquid products. It is widely used as a sugar substitute in compounded formulations,and as a toothpaste sweetener.
The approximate sweetening power is 180–200 times that of sucrose, similar to aspartame, about one-third as sweet as sucralose, one-half as sweet as sodium saccharin, and about 4-5 times sweeter than sodium cyclamate.It enhances flavor systems and can be used to mask some unpleasant taste characteristics.

9.15 Safety Profile: When heated to decompositionemits toxic fumes of SOx.

9.16 Safety: Acesulfame potassium is widely used in beverages, cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceutical formulations, and is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that acesulfame potassium is not metabolized and is rapidly excreted unchanged in the urine. Long-term feeding studies in rats and dogs showed no evidence to suggest acesulfame potassium is mutagenic or carcinogenic.
The WHO has set an acceptable daily intake for acesulfame potassium of up to 15 mg/kg body-weight.The Scientific Committee for Foods of the European Union has set a daily intake value of up to 9 mg/kg of body-weight.
LD₅₀ (rat, IP): 2.2 g/kg
LD₅₀ (rat, oral): 6.9–8.0 g/kg

9.17 storage: Acesulfame potassium possesses good stability. In the bulk form it shows no sign of decomposition at ambient temperature over many years. In aqueous solutions (pH 3.0–3.5 at 208℃) no reduction in sweetness was observed over a period of approximately 2 years. Stability at elevated temperatures is good, although some decomposition was noted following storage at 408℃ for several months. Sterilization and pasteurization do not affect the taste of acesulfame potassium.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place and protected from light.

9.18 Regulatory Status: Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database for oral and sublingual preparations. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. Accepted for use in Europe as a food additive. It is also accepted for use in certain food products in the USA and several countries in Central and South America, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Australia.

10. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 201.237g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₄H₄KNO₄S
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: null
Exact Mass: 200.94981027
Monoisotopic Mass: 200.94981027
Complexity: 288
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Topological Polar Surface Area: 69.8
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcYBiOABAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHgAAQAAACASBgAACAAAAAACIACFSEDCAAAAAIAAACAAAAEAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

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