3D Mol Similar

Acrylic acid

: Iupac Name：prop-2-enoic acid; CAS No.: 79-10-7; Molecular Weight：72.06; Modify Date.: 2022-10-30 19:36; Introduction: Acrylic acid (IUPAC: prop-2-enoic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=CHCO2H. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus. This colorless liquid has a characteristic acrid or tart smell. It is miscible with water, alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. More than one billion kilograms are produced annually. View more+

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1. Names and Identifiers

: 1.1 Name; Acrylic acid; 1.2 Synonyms; 2-PROPENOIC ACID acrylic acid anhydrous EINECS 201-177-9 ETHYLENECARBOXYLIC ACID MFCD00004367 monoethylene carboxylic acid propenoic acid Propensαure Rcra waste number U008 rcrawastenumberu008 vinylcarboxylic acid Vinylformic acid vinylformicacid; View all

1.3 CAS No.: 79-10-7

1.4 CID: 6581

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 201-177-9; 618-347-7; 611-106-7; 616-286-0; 618-348-2

1.6 Molecular Formula: C3H4O2 (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/C3H4O2/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H,1H2,(H,4,5)

1.8 InChIkey: NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: C=CC(=O)O

1.10 Isomers Smiles: C=CC(=O)O

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 1.051 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)

2.1 Melting point: 13 °C(lit.)

2.1 Boiling point: 139 °C(lit.)

2.1 Refractive index: n20/D 1.421

2.1 Flash Point: 130 °F

2.2 Precise Quality: 72.02110

2.2 PSA: 37.30000

2.2 logP: 0.25700

2.2 Solubility: 1000g/l

2.3 Λmax: 231nm(lit.)

2.4 VaporDensity: 2.5 (vs air)

2.5 Appearance: Colorless liquid

2.6 Storage: Ambient temperatures.

2.7 Chemical Properties: colourless liquid with an acrid odour

2.8 Color/Form: Clear

2.9 Contact Allergens: Acrylates are esters from acrylic acid. Occupationalcontact allergies from acrylates have frequently beenreported and mainly concern workers exposed to theglues based on acrylic acid, as well as dental workersand beauticians.

2.10 Odor: Acrid odor

2.11 PH: 2.1 (72.06g/l, H2O, 20℃)

2.12 pKa: 4.25(at 25℃)

2.13 Water Solubility: MISCIBLE

2.14 Spectral Properties: Index of refraction: 1.4224 at 20 deg C/D
Index of refraction: 1.4185 at 25 deg C
SADTLER REFERENCE NUMBER: 11017 (IR, PRISM); MAX ABSORPTION (METHANOL): 252 NM (LOG E= 1.96)
IR: 4287 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)
UV: 2994 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
Raman: 11 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
1H NMR: 5298 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
MASS: 302 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral Database, 1990 version)

2.15 Stability: Stability Unstable - may contain p-methoxyphenol as an inhibitor. Prone to hazardous polymerization. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, amines. Contact with oxidizers may cause fire. Light and air sensitive. Hygroscopic.

2.16 StorageTemp: 15-25°C

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Definition: An unsaturated liquid carboxylic acid with a pungent odor.The acid and its esters are used to makeACRYLIC RESINS.

3.2 Potential Exposure: Acrylic acid is chiefly used in manufacture of plastics, acrylates, polyacrylic acids, polymer, and resins; as a monomer in the manufacture of acrylic resins and plastic products, leather treatment, and paper coatings. Also, it is used as a tackifier and flocculant.

3.3 Purification Methods: It can be purified by steam distillation, or vacuum distillation through a column packed with copper gauze to inhibit polymerisation. (This treatment also removes inhibitors such as methylene blue that may be present.) Azeotropic distillation of the water with *benzene converts aqueous acrylic acid to the anhydrous material. [Beilstein 2 H 397, 2 I 186, 2 II 383, 2 III 1215, 2 IV 1455.]

3.4 Shipping: UN2218 Acrylic acid, stabilized, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 3-Flammable liquid

3.5 Usage: Starting material for acrylates and polyacrylates used in plastics, water purification, paper and cloth coatings, and medical and dental materials.

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Symbol: GHS02, GHS05, GHS07, GHS09

4.1 Hazard Codes: C,N

4.1 Signal Word: Danger

4.1 Risk Statements: 10-20/21/22-35-50

4.1 Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-61

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations: Homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid are indirect food additives for use only a component of adhesives.

4.2 Packing Group: II

4.2 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: log Kow = 0.35

4.3 Other Preventative Measures: SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. If contact with the mateial anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protect clothing. Approach fire with caution. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
Safety shower and/or eye fountain may be required.
... Hazard is the generation of considerable exothermic heat in some of the reactions, so that high pressures & temp may develop. This danger ... should be borne in mind when designing plant. Awareness of the dangers and of good engineering design are essential to safety. Employees should be instructed about the necessity of cleansing the skin if it is contaminated by materials which are irritants or skin-absorbed. With careful design, however, and complete enclosure of those processes where toxic chemicals or intermediates occur, dangerous exposures can be avoided. /Acrylic acid & derivatives/
Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.; View all

4.4 Hazard Class: 8

4.4 Hazard Declaration: H226-H302 + H312 + H332-H314-H335-H400

4.4 Cleanup Methods: SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.
Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Cover spill with soda ash or sodium bicarbonate. Mix and add water. Neutralize and flush into sewer. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after clean-up is complete. Keep acrylic acid out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.
Wastewater containing acrylic monomers is treated by neutralization and polymerization using hydrogen peroxide as a catalyst. Thus, propylene oxidn wastewater containing 2.75% acrylic acid and 45.1 g chemical oxygen demand/l was heated to 90 degree C, and a 70% aq soln of hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide - acrylic acid ratio 1:4) was added. After stirring 3 hr, powdered lime was added to pH 8.75. The precipitate was filtered out, and the treated effluent contained 16.2 g chemical oxygen demand/l, a reduction of 64%.
Sizing agents in wastewater are eliminated by either chemical and physical, or biological treatment. Polyacrylates ... in wastewaters are treated by coagulation-flocculation with removal rates of 83.8. ... Natural products, such as maize starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) treated through activated sludge show chemical oxygen demand removal rates > 80 and 42%; biological oxygen demand removal rates > 92.7 and 46.0%, respectively.
Photosensitive waste soln containing poly(vinyl alcohol), acrylic acid monomer and polymer, polyoxyalkylene glycol acrylate resing and a surfactant was treated with potassium persulfate, irradiated, and filtered. The filtrate was flocculated with alum and the sulfate ion SO4(2-) precipitated by barium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.; View all

4.5 DisposalMethods: Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U008, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
Incineration. 100-500 ppm potassium permanganate will degrade acrylic acid to a hydroxy acid which can then be disposed of at a sewage treatment.
Burn in approved incinerator. Recommendable methods: Incineration. Not recommendable methods: Landfill and evaporation. Peer-review: Small amounts: Dissolve in large amounts of water and wash down sewer. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))
Acrylic acid is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.
Good candidate for liquid injection incineration, with a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 deg C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration, with a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 deg C and a residence time of seconds. Also, it is a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration, with a temperature range of 450 to 980 deg C and a residence time of seconds.
The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for acrylic acid: Concentration process: Biological treatment.
The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for acrylic acid: Concentration process: Activated carbon.; View all

4.6 DOT Emergency Guidelines: /GUIDE 132P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Fire or Explosion: Flammable/combustible materials. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
/GUIDE 132P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or ingested/swallowed. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
/GUIDE 132P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
/GUIDE 132P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing is recommended for fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
/GUIDE 132P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Evacuation: ... Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
/GUIDE 132P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Fire: Some of these materials may react violently with water. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Do not get water inside containers. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
/GUIDE 132P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ Spill or Leak: Fully encapsulating, vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers ... Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
/GUIDE 132P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS - CORROSIVE/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/; View all

4.7 RIDADR: UN 2218 8/PG 2

4.7 Fire Fighting Procedures: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam extinguishers. Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas. Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback. Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. In advanced or massive fires, fire fighting should be done from a safe distance or from a protected location. If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse the vapors. Water spray may be used to flush spills away from exposures and to dilute spills to nonflammable mixtures. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.
If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame - consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius. /Acrylic acid, stabilized/
If a fire occurs in or close to a tank farm containing acrylic acid, tanks and pipes should be cooled by spraying with water in order to prevent the acid from polymerizing.; View all

4.8 FirePotential: Flammable liquid. ... A fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

4.9 Safety Profile: Poison by ingestion, skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A severe skin and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Corrosive. Flammable liquid. May undergo exothermic polymerization at room temperature. May become explosive if confined. A fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

4.10 Caution Statement: P210-P261-P273-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

4.10 Formulations/Preparations: Acrylic acid is commercially available in US in 2 grades: (a) technical grade for esterification and polymerization, and (b) glacial grade for production of water-sol resins. Typical commercial glacial acrylic acid contains 98.0% by wt acrylic acid, max of 0.5% by wt water and 0.045-0.055 mg/kg (ppm) of inhibitor ...
Grade: Technical (esterification and polymerization grades); glacial (97%).
... 200 ppm /monomethyl ether of hydroquinone/ is needed /as inhibitor/ for acrylic acid.
Grades or purity: Technical: 94.0%; glacial: 98.0-99.5%

4.11 Incompatibilities: May form explosive mixture with air. Light, heat, and peroxides can cause polymerization. Use MEHQ (monomethyl ether of hydroquinone) as an inhibitor. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Incompatible with sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, amines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin, toluene diamine, oleum, pyridine, methyl pyridine, n-methyl pyrrolidone, 2-methyl-6-ethyl aniline, aniline, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, and 2aminoethanol. Severely corrodes carbon steel and iron; attacks other metals. May accumulate static electrical charges and may cause ignition of its vapors.

4.12 WGK Germany: 1

4.12 RTECS: AS4375000

4.12 Protective Equipment and Clothing: Protection required for safe handling of acrylic acid and esters commonly includes use of impervious gloves, shoe soles, and clothing ... .
Suitable protective clothing and self-contained respiratory protective apparatus should be available for use of those who may have to rescue persons overcome by fumes.
/Wear/ rubber gloves if exposed to wet material; acid goggles or face shield for splash exposure ...
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.
Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities should provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]; View all

4.13 Reactivities and Incompatibilities: Violent reaction with strong oxidizers. Incompatible with sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, amines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin, toluene diamine, oleum, pyridine, methyl pyridine, n-methyl pyrrolidone, 2-methyl-6-ether aniline, aniline, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, and 2-aminoethanol. Severely corrodes carbon steel and iron; attacks other metals. May accumulate static electrical charges and may cause ignition of its vapors.
Mixing acrylic acid and oleum in a closed container caused the temp and pressure to increase.
React readily with electrophilic, free-radical, and nucleophilic agent
Acrylic acid is a strong corrosive agent to many metals, such as unalloyed steel, copper, and brass. Frequently the hydrolysis of such metallic materials generates a deep discoloration in acrylic acid. Polyvalent metal salts formed during hydrolytic reactions could also induce polymerization. Therefore, under no circumstances should acrylic acid be stored or transported with equipment which contains the above-mentioned metals. Acrylic acid does not affect stainless steel.; View all

4.14 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations: Irritating to skin, eye, and respiratory system.

4.15 Safety: Hazard Codes of Acrylic acid?(CAS NO.79-10-7):?C,?N
Risk Statements: 10-20/21/22-35-50?
R10: Flammable.?
R20/21/22: Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.?
R35: Causes severe burns.?
R50: Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-45-61
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.?
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.?
S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)?
S61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
RIDADR: UN 2218 8/PG 2
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: AS4375000
F: 8-13
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: II
HS Code: 29161110; View all

4.16 Sensitive: Air Sensitive

4.17 Specification: ?Acrylic acid (CAS NO.79-10-7) is also named as 2-Propenoic acid ; 4-02-00-01455 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) ; AI3-15717 ; Acide acrylique ; Acide acrylique [French] ; Acido acrilio ; Acido acrilio [Spanish] ; Acroleic acid ; Acrylic acid, glacial ; BRN 0635743 ; CCRIS 737 ; Caswell No. 009A ; Ethylenecarboxylic acid ; Glacial acrylic acid ; HSDB 1421 ; Kyselina akrylova ; Kyselina akrylova [Czech] ; NSC 4765 ; Propene acid ; Propenoic acid ; RCRA waste number U008 ; UNII-J94PBK7X8S ; Vinylformic acid .?It is?colourless liquid with an acrid odour. It is?soluble in water. It is unstable and?incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, amines.?Acrylic acid is combustible and contact with oxidizers may cause fire. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat can cause polymerization. If polymerization takes place in a closed container, violent rupture may occur. The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) greatly reduces the tendency to polymerize.?The presence of water, due to different solubilities of the acid and inhibitor (partitioning one from the other), may initiate polymerization.?Acrylic acid? may polymerize violently especially when the frozen acid is partially thawed (freezing point 12 °C or 53 °F). Frozen acid should be melted at room temperature and the process should be well stirred. Do not use heat during the melting process. Corrodes iron and steel and polymerization may occur on contact with iron salts. The uninhibited acid polymerizes exothermically at ambient temperature and explodes if confined. The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) greatly reduces the tendency to polymerize. Explosive polymerization can also occur with strong bases, amines, ammonia, oleum, chlorosulfonic acid, and peroxides. Mixing with 2-aminoethanol, 28% ammonium hydroxide, ethylenediamine or ethyleneimine in a closed container causes an increase in temperature and pressure. Can react violently with oxidizing reagents and strong bases. May burn skin or eyes upon short contact.; View all

4.18 Toxicity: LD50 orally in rats: 2.59 g/kg (Smyth)

5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Flammable liquids, Category 3

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

Acute toxicity - Dermal, Category 4

Skin corrosion, Category 1A

Acute toxicity - Inhalation, Category 4

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term (Acute) - Category Acute 1

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statement(s)	H226 Flammable liquid and vapour H302 Harmful if swallowed H312 Harmful in contact with skin H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage H332 Harmful if inhaled H400 Very toxic to aquatic life
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. P233 Keep container tightly closed. P240 Ground and bond container and receiving equipment. P241 Use explosion-proof [electrical/ventilating/lighting/...] equipment. P242 Use non-sparking tools. P243 Take action to prevent static discharges. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P273 Avoid release to the environment.
Response	P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower]. P370+P378 In case of fire: Use ... to extinguish. P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/... P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026 P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P391 Collect spillage.
Storage	P403+P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P405 Store locked up.
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. NMR Spectrum

13C NMR : in CDCl3

13C NMR : Predict

1H NMR : 90 MHz in CDCl3

1H NMR : parameter in CDCl3

1H NMR : Predict

Predict 1H proton NMR

IR : CCl4 solution

IR : liquid film

Raman : 4880 A,150M,liquid

Mass

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

7. Synthesis Route

79-10-7Total: 56 Synthesis Route

74-86-2 65 Suppliers

2051-76-5 53 Suppliers

79-10-7 463 Suppliers

Literatures:
Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, , vol. 582, p. 1,13, 31
Yield: null

56-81-5 1010 Suppliers

79-14-1 428 Suppliers

64-19-7 144 Suppliers

79-10-7 463 Suppliers

Literatures:
Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, , vol. 380, p. 49 - 56
Yield: ~9%

56-81-5 1010 Suppliers

64-18-6 110 Suppliers

79-14-1 428 Suppliers

64-19-7 144 Suppliers

79-10-7 463 Suppliers

Literatures:
Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, , vol. 380, p. 49 - 56
Yield: ~13%

View all

8. Other Information

8.0 Merck: 14,130

8.1 BRN: 635743

8.2 Basic Information: Acrylic acid (AAc, IUPAC: prop-2-enoic acid) is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group connected directly to a carboxylic acid terminus with the formula CH2=CHCO2H^[1][2] which is a colorless liquid above its freezing point of 13°C ( 56°F) with a distinctive acrid odor^[3][4][5]. It is corrosive to metals and tissue and prolonged exposure to fire or heat can cause polymerization. If polymerization takes place in a closed container, violent rupture may occur because the polymerizaiton of acrylic acid is exothermic. The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) can greatly reduce the tendency to polymerize. It is miscible with water, alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone, but incompatible with strong oxidisers, strong bases, strong alkalies and pure nitrogen. It may polymerize (sometimes explosively) when contacting with amines, ammonia, oleum and chlorosulfonic acid, iron salts and peroxides^[2][4].

8.3 Health & Safety Hazard: Tests involving acute exposure of rats, mice, and rabbits have demonstrated that acrylic acid has moderate acute toxicity by inhalation or ingestion, and high acute toxicity by dermal exposure. Acrylic acid is a strong irritant to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes in humans. The liquid may cause blindness if splashed into the eye. Acute (short-term) exposure of rats to acrylic acid by inhalation has been observed to produce nose and eye irritation, lung haemorrhage, and degenerative changes in the liver and kidneys.
Some ill-health effects could happen when people exposed to acrylic acid, while people can be easily exposed to acrylic acid through direct contact with a product containing it or by inhaling it in air contaminated by a nearby plant manufacturing acrylic acid, for example, in the workplace, exposure to acrylic acid occurs primarily via inhalation and dermal contact during its manufacture or use; consumers may be exposed to acrylic acid in polishes, paints, coatings, rug backings, adhesives, plastics, textiles, and paper finishes. In addition, acrylic acid may be released in wastewater and can be also produced naturally by some species of algae. When we do not feel well, we should get medical attention immediately.
Acrylic acid is sensitive to heat and sunlight and also a fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. The product should be stored in a segregated and approved area away from heat, sources of ignition and the container should be kept in a cool, well-ventilated area, tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. It is also very necessary to keep the product away from incompatibles such as oxidising agents, acids, alkalis, moisture.; View all

8.4 Reference: [1]https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/147230?lang=zh&region=CN
[2]https://www.chemwatch.net/211745/acrylic-acid
[3]https://www.arkema.com/en/products/product-finder/product-viewer/Acrylic-acid/
[4]http://www..com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB7307797.htm
[5]http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.6333.html
[6]Manhua Mandy Lin. Selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid with molecular oxygen[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General 207(2001)1-16.
[7]https://www.icis.com/resources/news/2007/11/01/9074870/acrylic-acid-uses-and-market-data/
[8]https://ihsmarkit.com/products/acrylic-acid-acrylate-esters-chemical-economics-handbook.html;
[9]https://www.arkema.com/en/products/product-finder/product-viewer/Acrylic-acid/
[10]https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/acrylic-acid.pdf

8.5 Chemical Properties: Acrylic acid is a colorless, flammable, and corrosive liquid or solid (below 13 C) with an irritating, rancid, odor. Sinks and mixes with water; irritating vapor is produced.

8.6 Chemical Properties: colourless liquid with an acrid odour

8.7 Uses: An antibacterial agent.

8.8 Uses: Usually used in preparing monodispersed poly (N-isopropylacryamide) (PNIPAM)/AAc microgels.And also used primarily as an intermediate in the production of acrylates.

8.9 Uses: In the manufacture of plastics.

8.10 General Description: Acrylic acid is a colorless liquid with a distinctive acrid odor. Flash point 130°F. Boiling point 286°F. Freezing point 53°F. Corrosive to metals and tissue. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat can cause polymerization. If polymerization takes place in a closed container, violent rupture may occur. The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) greatly reduces the tendency to polymerize.

8.11 Air & Water Reactions: Flammable. Soluble in water. The presence of water, due to different solubilities of the acid and inhibitor (partitioning one from the other), may initiate polymerization.

8.12 Reactivity Profile: ACRYLIC ACID may polymerize violently especially when the frozen acid is partially thawed (freezing point 12°C or 53°F). Frozen acid should be melted at room temperature and the process should be well stirred. Do not use heat during the melting process [Kirk-Othmer, 3rd ed., Vol. 1, 1978, p. 330]. Corrodes iron and steel and polymerization may occur on contact with iron salts. The uninhibited acid polymerizes exothermically at ambient temperature and explodes if confined. The inhibitor (usually hydroquinone) greatly reduces the tendency to polymerize. Explosive polymerization can also occur with strong bases, amines, ammonia, oleum, chlorosulfonic acid, and peroxides. Mixing with 2-aminoethanol, 28% ammonium hydroxide, ethylenediamine or ethyleneimine in a closed container causes an increase in temperature and pressure. Can react violently with oxidizing reagents and strong bases [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 419].

8.13 Health Hazard: May burn skin or eyes upon short contact. INHALATION: eye and nasal irritation and lacrimation. INGESTION: may cause severe damage to the gastrointestinal tract.

8.14 Contact allergens: Acrylates are esters from acrylic acid. Occupational contact allergies from acrylates have frequently been reported and mainly concern workers exposed to the glues based on acrylic acid, as well as dental workers and beauticians.

8.15 Safety Profile: Poison by ingestion, skin contact, and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A severe skin and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Corrosive. Flammable liquid. May undergo exothermic polymerization at room temperature. May become explosive if confined. A fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

8.16 Potential Exposure: Acrylic acid is chiefly used in manufacture of plastics, acrylates, polyacrylic acids, polymer, and resins; as a monomer in the manufacture of acrylic resins and plastic products, leather treatment, and paper coatings. Also, it is used as a tackifier and flocculant.

8.17 First aid: If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. If victim is conscious, administer water or milk. Do not induce vomiting.

8.18 Usage: Acrylic acid acts as a precursor in the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid. It is used in the preparation of water-absorbent resins. It reacts with alcohols to prepare the corresponding esters. Its esters are used as raw materials for synthetic resins, rubbers, coating adhesives, water-based paints, floor polishes and adhesives. It is also used to prepare forming homopolymers or copolymers by reacting with other monomers like acrylamides, acrylonitrile, vinyl, styrene, and butadiene.

8.19 Usage: Acrylic acid is used in preparing monodispersed poly (N-isopropylacryamide) (PNIPAM)/AAc microgels. It has been plasma-deposited on surfaces for cell culture applications. Surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films via UV-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid has been reported. It is used primarily as an intermediate in the production of acrylates. It often finds application as an chemical intermediate. It is also used as a raw material for acrylic esters in the production of resins, industrial coatings, adhesives, and textiles.

8.20 Shipping: UN2218 Acrylic acid, stabilized, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, 3-Flammable liquid

8.21 Purification Methods: It can be purified by steam distillation, or vacuum distillation through a column packed with copper gauze to inhibit polymerisation. (This treatment also removes inhibitors such as methylene blue that may be present.) Azeotropic distillation of the water with *benzene converts aqueous acrylic acid to the anhydrous material. [Beilstein 2 H 397, 2 I 186, 2 II 383, 2 III 1215, 2 IV 1455.]

8.22 Incompatibilities: May form explosive mixture with air. Light, heat, and peroxides can cause polymerization. Use MEHQ (monomethyl ether of hydroquinone) as an inhibitor. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Incompatible with sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, amines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin, toluene diamine, oleum, pyridine, methyl pyridine, n-methyl pyrrolidone, 2-methyl-6-ethyl aniline, aniline, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, and 2aminoethanol. Severely corrodes carbon steel and iron; attacks other metals. May accumulate static electrical charges and may cause ignition of its vapors.

8.23 Waste Disposal: Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration. 100 500 ppm potassium permanganate will degrade acrylic acid to a hydroxy acid which can be disposed of at a sewage treatment.

9. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 72.06g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₃H₄O₂
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: null
Exact Mass: 72.021129366
Monoisotopic Mass: 72.021129366
Complexity: 55.9
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcYBAMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGgAACAAACACAgAAACAAAAgCIACDSCAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAEAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

10. Question & Answer

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Acrylic acid is a common organic chemical widely used in industries such as chemical engineering, pharmaceuticals, and plastic processing. However, prolonged exposure to or contact with Acrylic acid c..
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Polyurethane Acrylic Acid is a polymer material formed by the copolymerization of polyurethane and acrylic acid monomers. It possesses excellent physical properties and chemical resistance, making it ..
What are the synthesis methods, physical and chemical properties, and applications of Polyurethane Acrylic Acid? Aug 29 2023
Introduction Polyurethane Acrylic Acid is a polymer material composed of polyurethane and acrylic acid, known for its excellent physical properties and chemical stability. Due to its unique characteri..
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