Aluminum sulfate

Iupac Name：dialuminum;trisulfate

Molecular Weight：348.19900

Modify Date.: 2022-11-07 07:21

Introduction: Anhydrous aluminum sulfate is a white crystalline solid. Aluminum sulfate is also obtained as an 18-hydrate Al2(SO4)3.18H2O. Both forms are soluble in water, noncombustible, and nontoxic. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Aluminium sulfate is used in paper making, in firefighting foams, and in sewage treatment and water purification. View more+

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1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name: Aluminum sulfate
1.2 Synonyms: alluminiumsulphate ALUM alum(non-specificname) ALUMINIUM SULFATE Aluminium sulfate (2:3) ALUMINIUM SULFATE, DEHYDRATE ALUMINIUM SULPHATE Aluminiumsulfat aluminiumsulfate(non-specificname) Aluminum sulfate (2:3) aluminumalum aluminumsulfate(2:3) aluminumsulfate(al2(so4)3) aluminumsulfate,anhydrous aluminumsulfate,solid aluminumsulfate,solution aluminumsulphate aluminumtrisulfate ALUMSLUDGE Alunogenite anhydrousaluminumsulfate dialuminumsulfate dialuminumsulphate filteralum LIQUID ALUM MFCD00003423 NA-9078 pearlalum sulfuricacid,aluminumsalt Sulfuricacid,aluminumsalt(3:2) sulfuricacidaluminum(3+)salt(3:2)

1.3 CAS No.: 10043-01-3

1.4 CID: 24850

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 233-329-5; 233-135-0

1.6 Molecular Formula: Al2O12S3 (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/2Al.3H2O4S/c;;3*1-5(2,3)4/h;;3*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+3;;;/p-6

1.8 InChkey: DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H

1.9 Canonical Smiles: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Al+3].[Al+3]

1.10 Isomers Smiles: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Al+3].[Al+3]

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 2.71g/mLat 25°C(lit.)

2.1 Melting point: 770°C (dec.)(lit.)

2.1 Boiling point: 330ºC at 760 mmHg

2.1 Refractive index: Index of refraction: 1.47

2.1 Precise Quality: 347.86500

2.1 PSA: 265.92000

2.1 logP: -0.09660

2.1 Appearance: White powder

2.2 Storage: Hygroscopic. Ambient temperatures.

2.3 Color/Form: White, lustrous crystals, pieces, granules, or powder

2.4 Corrosivity: Aluminum sulfate solution is corrosive to aluminum.

2.5 Decomposition: When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides/.

2.6 Odor: ODORLESS

2.7 PH: 2,9 or above (5?% solution)

2.8 Water Solubility: soluble

2.9 Spectral Properties: Index of refraction: 1.47

2.10 Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

2.11 StorageTemp: Store in a tightly closed container. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep away from water. Store protected from moisture.

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Agricultural Uses: Alunogenite is a naturally occurring form of hydrated aluminum sulphate Al2(SO4)318 H2O.

3.2 Definition: ChEBI: An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.

3.3 General Description: Anhydrous aluminum sulfate is a white crystalline solid. Aluminum sulfate is also obtained as an 18-hydrate Al2(SO4)3.18H2O. Both forms are soluble in water, noncombustible, and nontoxic. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Aluminium sulfate is used in paper making, in firefighting foams, and in sewage treatment and water purification.

3.4 Potential Exposure: Widely used in the paper industry, in waste and water treatment and treating sewage; in antiperspirants, deodorants; in flame-retardants; in tanning leather, sizing paper; mordant in dyeing, purifying water, waterproofing cloth, clarifying oils and fats; in agricultural pesticides; manufacturing aluminum salts and others

3.5 Purification Methods: It crystallises from hot dilute H2SO4 (l mL/g) on cooling in ice. When a solution of alumina (Al2O3) in conc H2SO4 is slowly cooled, Al2SO4 17 or 18H2O deposits as a crystalline mass. Al2SO4 17H2O is the stable form in equilibrium with its saturated aqueous solution at 25o [Smith J Am Chem Soc 64 41 1942]. This is purified by dissolving it in a small volume of H2O and adding EtOH until the sulfate readily crystallises from the oily supersaturated solution. It forms Al2O3 16H2O between 0-112o. On gradual heating, the hydrate melts, giving the anhydrous salt at ca 250o. Several hydrates up to 27H2O have been described. Further heating to red heat (~ 600-800o) causes decomposition to Al2O3 + SO3 + SO2 and O2 [Cobb J Soc Chem Ind 29 250 1910]. The ACS reagent is Al2O3 18H2O (98+%).

3.6 Shipping: UN3264 Corrosive liquid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required

3.7 Usage: for the production of artificial stones and advanced ammonium alum. curing agent (oil, water and the like with impurity), pasteurized albumin stabilizer (including liquid or frozen whole, egg yolk or protein). Maximum allowable amount (FAO/WHO, 1984) 0.036%. for papermaking, water purification, and used as a mordant, tanning agents, astringent medicine, wood preservatives, foam fire extinguishing agent.

3.8 Waste Disposal: Pretreatment involves hydrolysis followed by neutralization with NaOH. The insoluble aluminum hydroxide formed is removed by filtration and can be heated to decomposition to yield alumina which has valuable industrial applications. The neutral solution of sodium sulfate can be discharged into sewers and waterways as long as its concentration is below the recommended provisional limit of 250 mg/L Aluminum sulfate Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Symbol: GHS05

4.1 Hazard Codes: Xi

4.1 Signal Word: Danger

4.1 Risk Statements: R36/37/38; R51/53

4.1 Safety Statements: S26-S39-S61-S37/39-S29

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations: Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: aluminum sulfate is included in antiperspirant and topical antifungal drug products.

4.2 Packing Group: Z01

4.2 Other Preventative Measures: If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. /Aluminum (soluble salts and alkyls, as Al)/
Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. /Aluminum (soluble salts and alkyls, as Al)/
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. /Aluminum (soluble salts and alkyls, as Al)/
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

4.3 Hazard Class: 9.2

4.3 Hazard Declaration: H290-H318

4.3 Cleanup Methods: Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.
Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

4.4 DisposalMethods: Aluminum compounds are treated under anhydrous conditions to prevent violent reactions, recover solvent, and form Al compounds suitable for landfill by reaction with anhydrous hydrolysis agent, eg calcium hydroxide. /Aluminum compounds/
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Aluminum sulfate: Pretreatment involves hydrolysis, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide.

4.5 RIDADR: UN 1760/3077

4.5 Fire Fighting Procedures: If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.)
Stop flow of liquid before extinguishing fire. Use dry chemical or carbon dioxide. DO NOT use water as straight stream directly on spilled material. Water fog can be used to control fire. DO NOT use halogenated extinguishing agents on spilled material. Violent reaction may result. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. /Aluminum Alkyls/

4.6 FirePotential: May burn, but will not ignite.
Certain polymerization catalysts, such as aluminum alkyls, react & burn violently on contact with water. /Aluminum alkyls/
Aluminum alkyls are organic aluminum compounds that are highly reactive and dangerous because of spontaneous burning in air. /Aluminum alkyls/
Prophoric material in flammable solvent. Vapors are heavier than air & may travel to a source of ignition & flash back. /Aluminum alkyls/

4.7 Safety Profile: Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Hydrolyzes to form sulfuric acid, whch irritates tissue, especially lungs. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx,.

4.8 Caution Statement: P280-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310

4.8 Formulations/Preparations: Grades: iron-free; technical; CP; USP /United States Pharmacopeia/; FCC /food chemicals codex/; a liquid form (49.7 water) is also available.
Article of commerce usually contains 5 to 10% less water than theory. /Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate/
Ground & powder, food grade, and commercial.
The commercial grade is available both as a lump or granular solid containing 17.0-17.5% aluminum oxide (57% aluminum sulfate) and as a solution containing 7.5-8.5% aluminum oxide.
Commercial product is known as cake alum or patent alum. It is about 99.5% pure. /Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate/

4.9 Incompatibilities: In aqueous solution, aluminum sulfate forms sulfuric acid; reacts with bases and many other substances. Corrodes metals, some plastics and body tissues, especially in the presence of moisture.

4.10 WGK Germany: 1

4.10 RTECS: BD1700000

4.10 Protective Equipment and Clothing: Personal protective equipment /incl/ dust respirator; safety glasses or face shield; rubber gloves.
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Aluminum (soluble salts and alkyls, as Al/
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. /Aluminum (soluble salts and alkyls, as Al)/
Protective clothing and a high standard of training in the necessary precautionary measures are essential for the handling of the materials. /Aluminum alkyls/

4.11 Reactivities and Incompatibilities: May corrode metals in presence of moisture. /Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate/
Extremely reactive with air, moisture, and compounds containing active hydrogen... /Alkyl aluminum compounds/
Reacts violently with a broad range of materials including air & water. /Aluminum alkyls/

4.12 Report: Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. EPA FIFRA 1988 pesticide subject to registration or re-registration.

4.13 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations: Dust /is/ irritating to eyes, nose, and throat. Solid /is/ irritating to skin and eyes.
/Aluminum powder/ may cause minor irritation to lungs & eyes. /Aluminum powder, uncoated/
Irritation of the eyes has been noted in patients who have been exposed /to aluminum alkyls/. /Aluminum alkyls/
May cause minor irritation to lungs or eyes. /Aluminum (dust or powder)/

4.14 Safety: Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Hydrolyzes to form sulfuric acid, which irritates tissue, especially lungs. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO_x.
Hazard Codes: Xi, N
The Risk Statements information of Aluminum sulfate:
37/38: Irritating to respiratory system and skin
41: Risk of serious damage to eyes
51/53: Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
The Safety Statements information of Aluminum sulfate:
26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
39: Wear eye/face protection
61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet
37/39: Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection
29: Do not empty into drains
RIDADR: UN 1760/3077
WGK Germany: 1

4.15 Toxicity

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Source
guinea pig	LD50	unreported	490mg/kg (490mg/kg)	Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 43(4), Pg. 12, 1978.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	274mg/kg (274mg/kg)	Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 256, Pg. 1043, 1963.
mouse	LD50	oral	6207mg/kg (6207mg/kg)	British Journal of Industrial Medicine. Vol. 23, Pg. 305, 1966.
mouse	LD50	unreported	520mg/kg (520mg/kg)	Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 43(4), Pg. 12, 1978.
rat	LD50	unreported	410mg/kg (410mg/kg)	Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 43(4), Pg. 12, 1978.

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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Corrosive to metals, Category 1

Serious eye damage, Category 1

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statement(s)	H290 May be corrosive to metals H318 Causes serious eye damage
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P234 Keep only in original packaging. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
Response	P390 Absorb spillage to prevent material damage. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026
Storage	P406 Store in a corrosion resistant/...container with a resistant inner liner.
Disposal	none

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. Other Information

6.0 Merck: 14,366

6.1 Purpose and effect of aluminum sulfate: Aluminum sulfate is mainly used for turbidity water purification, also used as a precipitating agent, fixing agent, fillers, etc. It is used as antiperspirant cosmetic ingredients (astringent) in cosmetics. In addition, aluminum sulfate can also be used as paper industry sizing agent (rosin sizing, so that the color will be attached to the paper), leather tanning agents, mordant, purifying agent (flocculant, the resulting aluminum hydroxide floc may be coated with microparticles suspended in the water to promote rapid sedimentation separation), foam fire extinguisher inside agent (outside agent is sodium bicarbonate, carbon dioxide is generated after the reaction), raw materials for manufacturing alum, and white aluminum, oil bleaching, deodorization agent; pharmaceutical raw materials, as food curing agent (excipient); for impurities removal of oil, water, etc, pasteurized albumin stabilizer, lake raw materials, waste water treatment agent, waterproof concrete materials, fireproof raw materials.

6.2 Reference quality standards: Aluminum sulfate Quality Standards (HG1-32-77)

1, All levels of refined aluminum sulfate can be used for producing all levels of precipitation paper sizing agents, class A, B and C is used for water purification, in which arsenic (AS2O3) content should be not more than 0.01%.
2, Aluminum sulfate size: all through the 10 mm mesh sieve, among which the 8 mm sieve fine is not less than 98%, but can also be made bulk product according to user`s requirements.
3, Appearance and color of refined aluminum sulfate is white.
4, All levels of crude aluminum sulfate can be used for water purification, aluminum sulfate used for purification can not be produced by waste acid toxic substances.
5, Aluminum sulfate used in paper sizing, Al2O3 content should be more than 12%, iron content less than 0.2%, insolubles should be not more than 0.5%. Fine paper production requires iron content of aluminum sulfate should be less than 0.08%, this kind of aluminum sulfate is called iron-free aluminum sulfate.

6.3 Identification test: With 10% of the sample solution, the aluminum (IT-2) and sulfate (IT-29) test should be positive.
Solubility is measured by the OT-42 method, Easily soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.
pH is measured with a glass electrode 5% aqueous solution, the value is 2.9 or more.

6.4 Content Analysis: The sample of about 4g is accurately weighed, put into a 250ml volumetric flask, dissolved in water and mixed in constant volume. The solution of 10ml is Drew, transferred into a 250ml beaker, adding 0.05mol/L disodium EDTA solution of 25.0ml and pH of 4.5 buffer (made by mixing ammonium acetate of 77.1g and acetic acid of 57ml , adding water to constant volume of 1000m1) 20ml, boiled by slow fire for 5min . After cooling, adding ethanol of 50ml and dithizone test solution (TS-94) of 2ml. Titration With 0.05mol/L zinc sulfate to the bright red rose, while conducting a blank titration. 0.05mol/L disodium EDTA equivalent amounts to aluminum sulfate [Al2 (SO4) 3] of 8.554mg, or aqueous aluminum sulfate [Al2 (S O4) 3 ·18H2O] of 16.66mg.

6.5 Toxicity: ADI not specified (FAO/WHO, 2001).
GRAS (FDA, §182.1125,2000).
LD50 6207mg/kg (mice, by mouth)

6.6 Uses: for the production of artificial stones and advanced ammonium alum.
curing agent (oil, water and the like with impurity), pasteurized albumin stabilizer (including liquid or frozen whole, egg yolk or protein). Maximum allowable amount (FAO/WHO, 1984) 0.036%.
for papermaking, water purification, and used as a mordant, tanning agents, astringent medicine, wood preservatives, foam fire extinguishing agent.

6.7 Category: toxic substances

6.8 Toxicity grading: poisoning

6.9 Acute oral toxicity: oral-mouse LD50: 6207 mg/kg; intraperitoneal-Mouse LD50: 1735 mg/kg

6.10 Flammability hazard characteristics: heat decomposition of toxic sulfur oxides, hydrolysis produces sulfuric acid, lung irritation

6.11 Storage characteristics: Treasury ventilation low-temperature drying

6.12 extinguishing agents: Foam, carbon dioxide, dry powder

6.13 Chemical Properties: Aluminum sulfate is a white powder, often used in water solution. The solution is a strong acid

6.14 Uses: Sizing paper, lakes, alums, dyeing mordant foaming agent in fire foams, cloth fireproofing, white leather tannage, catalyst in manufacturing ethane, p H control in paper industry, waterproofing agent for concrete, clarifier for fats and oils, lubricating compositions, deodorizer and decolorizer in petroleum refining, sewage precipitating agent and for water purification, food additive.

6.15 Definition: ChEBI: An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.

6.16 Definition: alunogenite: A mineral form of hydrated aluminium sulphate, Al₂(SO₄)₃.18H₂O.

6.17 General Description: Anhydrous aluminum sulfate is a white crystalline solid. Aluminum sulfate is also obtained as an 18-hydrate Al2(SO4)3.18H2O. Both forms are soluble in water, noncombustible, and nontoxic. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. Aluminium sulfate is used in paper making, in firefighting foams, and in sewage treatment and water purification.

6.18 Air & Water Reactions: Dissolves in water with evolution of some heat. creates acidic solutions.

6.19 Reactivity Profile: Aqueous solutions of ALUMINUM SULFATE are acidic. The solid may corrode metals in presence of moisture.

6.20 Health Hazard: Inhalation of dust irritates nose and mouth. Ingestion of large doses causes gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, and purging. Dust irritates eyes and skin.

6.21 Agricultural Uses: Alunogenite is a naturally occurring form of hydrated aluminum sulphate Al₂(SO₄)₃18 H₂O.

6.22 Industrial uses: Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) can be obtained by reacting carbon dioxide and chlorine with kaolin at high temperatures. It is highly hygroscopic with a specific gravity of 2.3. It is highly soluble in water and in organic solvents. Similar to aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride is used as a co-depressant for calcite, fluorite and dolomite.

6.23 Safety Profile: Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Hydrolyzes to form sulfuric acid, whch irritates tissue, especially lungs. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx,.

6.24 Potential Exposure: Widely used in the paper industry, in waste and water treatment and treating sewage; in antiperspirants, deodorants; in flame-retardants; in tanning leather, sizing paper; mordant in dyeing, purifying water, waterproofing cloth, clarifying oils and fats; in agricultural pesticides; manufacturing aluminum salts and others

6.25 Uses: Aluminum sulfate is one of the components of Nuclear Fast Red solution.It is a coagulant used for arsenate removal from water.
Aluminum sulfate has been used in the preparation of the nuclear-fast red solution for red nuclear counterstaining in histology and cytology protocols. It may be used as a catalyst for the conversion of lactic acid to acetaldehyde via decarbonylation.
Aluminum sulfate may be used to form a porous composite adsorbent with graphene hydrogel to be used for fluoride removal from water.

6.26 Physical properties: White powder; refractive index 1.47; density 2.71 g/cm³; mp 770°C (decomposes); hygroscopic; readily soluble in water (31% at 0°C; solubility increases with temperature 98% in boiling water); soluble in dilute mineral acids; slightly soluble in alcohol.

6.27 Occurrence: It occurs in nature in minerals; alunite, KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆and natroalunite, NaAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆. The anhydrous salt is used in food applications.

6.28 Preparation: The anhydrous salt may be obtained by slow and progressive heating of commercial hydrated salt, Al₂(SO₄)₃ ?18H₂O. Most water molecules are lost at heating between 250 to 420°C. The last three water molecules are lost between 250 to 420°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min.

6.29 Usage: Aluminum sulfate acts as a flocculating agent in the purification of drinking water, and in waste water treatment plants. It acts as a mordant in dyeing, printing, textiles and also used in paper manufacturing. It is a waterproofing agent and accelerator in concrete. Further, it is used as a foaming agent in fire fighting foam, photographic film and in photochemicals. It is also used in styptic pencils, pain relief and in dentistry for gingival retraction cords.

6.30 First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or other inhalation therapy

6.31 Shipping: UN3264 Corrosive liquid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required

6.32 Purification Methods: It crystallises from hot dilute H2SO4 (l mL/g) on cooling in ice. When a solution of alumina (Al2O3) in conc H2SO4 is slowly cooled, Al2SO4 17 or 18H2O deposits as a crystalline mass. Al2SO4 17H2O is the stable form in equilibrium with its saturated aqueous solution at 25o [Smith J Am Chem Soc 64 41 1942]. This is purified by dissolving it in a small volume of H2O and adding EtOH until the sulfate readily crystallises from the oily supersaturated solution. It forms Al2O3 16H2O between 0-112o. On gradual heating, the hydrate melts, giving the anhydrous salt at ca 250o. Several hydrates up to 27H2O have been described. Further heating to red heat (~ 600-800o) causes decomposition to Al2O3 + SO3 + SO2 and O2 [Cobb J Soc Chem Ind 29 250 1910]. The ACS reagent is Al2O3 18H2O (98+%).

6.33 Incompatibilities: In aqueous solution, aluminum sulfate forms sulfuric acid; reacts with bases and many other substances. Corrodes metals, some plastics and body tissues, especially in the presence of moisture.

6.34 Waste Disposal: Pretreatment involves hydrolysis followed by neutralization with NaOH. The insoluble aluminum hydroxide formed is removed by filtration and can be heated to decomposition to yield alumina which has valuable industrial applications. The neutral solution of sodium sulfate can be discharged into sewers and waterways as long as its concentration is below the recommended provisional limit of 250 mg/L

7. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 348.19900g/mol
Molecular Formula: Al₂O₁₂S₃
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: null
Exact Mass: 341.818266
Monoisotopic Mass: 341.818266
Complexity: 62.2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 12
Topological Polar Surface Area: 266
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcQAAPABgABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

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