Ammonium bicarbonate

1.1 Name

Ammonium bicarbonate

1.2 Synonyms

acidammoniumcarbonate ammonium bicarbonat AMMONIUM BICARBONATE PWD AMMONIUM BICARBONATE, REAGENTAMMONIUM BICARBONATE, REAGENTAMMONIUM BICARBONATE, REAGENT Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Ammonium hydrogencarbonate azanium,hydrogen carbonate Cough. Sore throat. Redness. Pain. EINECS 213-911-5 food grade Ammonium bicarbonate for baked goods MFCD00012138 Бикарбонат аммония, Углекислый кислый аммоний, Двууглекислый аммоний, Ammonium acid carbonate, Ammonium hydrogencarbonate

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1.3 CAS No.

1066-33-7

1.4 CID

14013

1.5 EINECS(EC#)

213-911-5

1.6 Molecular Formula

CH5NO3 (isomer)

1.7 Inchi

InChI=1S/CH2O3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);1H3

1.8 InChIkey

ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles

C(=O)(O)[O-].[NH4+]

1.10 Isomers Smiles

C(=O)(O)[O-].[NH4+]

2.1 Density

1.58

2.1 Melting point

105 °C

2.1 Boiling point

169.8 °C

2.1 Refractive index

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.423, 1.536, 1.555

2.1 Flash Point

333.6 °C at 760 mmHg

2.2 Precise Quality

79.02690

2.2 PSA

60.77000

2.2 logP

0.54630

2.2 Solubility

220 g/L (20 oC)

2.3 VaporDensity

2.7 (vs air)

2.4 Appearance

White crystalline powder

2.5 Storage

Ambient temperatures.

2.6 Chemical Properties

Ammonium bicarbonate appears as white monoclinic or orthorhombic crystals. It is soluble in water, but insoluble in ethanol, carbon disulfide and concentrated ammonia.It dissolves in water to give a mildly alkaline solution. It is insoluble in most organic solvents. While it is stable at room temperature (25 °C), it decomposes at temperatures above 36 °C to form ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water in an endothermic reaction (absorbs energy for the reaction from the surroundings).NH4HCO3 → NH3 + CO2 + H2OAmmonium bicarbonate reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide, and reacts with bases to produce ammonia.

2.7 Color/Form

Colorless or white crystals|Shiny, hard, colorless or white prisms or crystalline mass

2.8 Decomposition

Decomposes above 34 deg C with formation of ammonia gas.

2.9 Odor

Faint odor of ammonia

2.10 PH

About 8,0 (5 % solution)

2.11 pKa

Dissociation constant (Kd): 1.45

2.12 Water Solubility

H2O: 220 g/L (20 ºC)

2.13 Spectral Properties

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.423, 1.536, 1.555

2.14 Stability

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, alkali metals.

2.15 StorageTemp

2-8°C

3.1 Agricultural Uses

Ammonium hydrogen carbonate is another name for ammonium bicarbonate (NH4CO3), It is a low nitrogen containing fertilizer (17% N), used largely in China. It is produced by heating ammonium hydroxide with excess carbon dioxide, followed by evaporation of water.

3.2 General Description

A white crystalline solid having the odor of ammonia. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used to make other ammonium compounds, in food processing, and for other uses.

3.3 Methods of Manufacturing

(1) the compressed carbon dioxide into the concentrated ammonia, and placed in the carbon dioxide pressure, while cooling, precipitation of the crystal, the centrifugal separation, dehydration. When it was purified, it was dissolved in water, and ethanol was added to recrystallize it. Carbonization method Ammonia is absorbed by water, carbonized with carbon dioxide, and then separated and dried to produce ammonium bicarbonate.
(2) from the lime kiln and cleaned by the washing of CO2 gas, into the ammonia to saturation, after centrifugal separation, hot air drying derived products.
(3) the industrial ammonium bicarbonate added to the amount of water, and slowly into the ammonia. Heated to 40 ~ 50 ° C, stirring until no longer dissolved so far. Add a small amount of activated carbon, at 40 ~ 50 ℃ for a certain time. The solution was filtered, the solution cooled and carbon dioxide was bubbled through. And then by suction filtration crystallization, is pure ammonium bicarbonate. Carbon dioxide can also be passed through the saturated ammonia crystallization process in the system. Carbonization method Ammonia is absorbed by water, carbonized with carbon dioxide, and then separated and dried to produce ammonium bicarbonate
.(4) The compressed carbon dioxide into the concentrated ammonia, and carbon dioxide placed under pressure, while cooling, precipitation of the crystal, the centrifugal separation, dehydration. When it was purified, it was dissolved in water, and ethanol was added to recrystallize it.
(5) A slight excess of barium hydroxide solution was added depending on the content of SO42- ions in the solution Solution. Insulation standing 1h, hot filter, the filtrate access to a larger jar, stopper on the inlet and outlet. Outlet access to distilled water bottle. Until the solution is cooled, the first ammonia to Xian bottle of distilled water is no longer absorb The crystals were filtered off and dried at room temperature (about 2 ~ 3h) For 2 hours to give the final ammonium bicarbonate.

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3.4 Potential Exposure

It is used in leavening for some bakedgoods; in baking powders and fire extinguishers; to makedyes and pigments; in the manufacture of porous plastics;and as an expectorant.

3.5 Shipping

UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardousmaterial, Technical Name Required.

3.6 Usage

1. Ammonium bicarbonate is used as nitrogen fertilizer, being applicable to a variety of soils, can simultaneously provide the ammonium nitrogen and carbon dioxide demanded by crop growth. However, it contains low nitrogen content and is also easy to caking. 2. It can be used as analytical reagent as well as being used in synthesizing ammonium salt and fabric degreasing. 3. It can promote crop growth and photosynthesis; trigger seedlings and the growth of leaves. It can be used as topdressing as well as being directly applied as ground fertilizer as food leavening agent and bulking agent.4. Ammonium bicarbonate can be used as a senior food fermentation agent. Its combination with sodium bicarbonate can be used as the raw materials of leavening agent such as bread, biscuits and pancakes. It can also be used as raw material of foam powder juice, as well as being used for the blanching of green vegetables and bamboo shoots. Moreover, it can be used as medicine and reagents.5. Alkali; leavening agent; buffer; aerating agent.Its combination with sodium bicarbonate can be used as the raw materials of leavening agent such as bread, biscuits and pancakes. Baking powder also takes this product as the main ingredient, together with the acidic substances. It can also be used as raw material of foam powder juice. The dosage of the blanching of green vegetables and bamboo shoots should be 0.1% to 0.3%.6. It can be used as analytical reagent; used for ammonium salt synthesis. Pharmaceuticals; baking powder; dyeing; It can be used for fabric degreasing. It can also be used as foamed plastics.

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3.7 Waste Disposal

May be buried in a chemicalwaste landfill. If neutralized ammonium bicarbonate isamenable to treatment at a municipal sewage treatmentplant. Ammonium bicarbonate Preparation Products And Raw materials Preparation Products

4.1 Symbol

GHS07;

4.1 Hazard Codes

Xi

4.1 Signal Word

Warning

4.1 Risk Statements

R36/37/38

4.1 Safety Statements

S22

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
Ammonium bicarbonate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

4.2 Packing Group

Z01

4.2 Other Preventative Measures

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

4.3 Hazard Class

6.1

4.3 Hazard Declaration

H302

4.3 Cleanup Methods

WATER COLLECTED FROM OIL SHALE RETORTING OPERATIONS CONTAIN LARGE CONCN OF AMMONIUM BICARBONATE WHICH CAN BE REMOVED WITH HOT GAS STRIPPING, BY DECOMPOSING AMMONIUM CARBONATES INTO FREE AMMONIA AND CARBON DIOXIDE.

4.4 DisposalMethods

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

4.5 RIDADR

UN 9081

4.5 Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous route. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO, and NH3

4.6 Caution Statement

P301 + P312 + P330

4.6 Formulations/Preparations

AMMONIUM CARBONATE NF: CARBONIC ACID, MONOAMMONIUM SALT, MIXTURE WITH AMMONIUM CARBAMATE ... .
Grades: technical; CP /chemically pure: a grade designation signifying a minimum of impurities, but not 100% purity/ FCC /Food Chemicals CODEX/.

4.7 WGK Germany

1

4.7 RTECS

BO8600000

4.7 Protective Equipment and Clothing

INHALATION MAY CAUSE RESPIRATORY IRRITATION. CONTACT WITH EYES OR SKIN CAUSES IRRITATION.

4.8 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations

INHALATION MAY CAUSE RESPIRATORY IRRITATION. CONTACT WITH EYES OR SKIN CAUSES IRRITATION.

4.9 Safety

Hazard Codes:?Xn,Xi
Risk Statements:
22:? Harmful if swallowed?
36/37/38:? Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin?
Safety Statements:
22:? Do not breathe dust?

4.10 Specification

?Ammonium hydrogen carbonate , its cas register number is 1066-33-7. It also can be called Ammonium bicarbonate . Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (CAS NO.1066-33-7) , from China used to make cookies, was found to be contaminated with melamine, and imports banned in Malaysia in the 2008 Chinese milk scandal.

4.11 Toxicity

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
mouse	LD50	intravenous	245mg/kg (245mg/kg)	LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD	American Journal of Veterinary Research. Vol. 29, Pg. 897, 1968. ?

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9.0 Merck

14,497

9.1 BRN

4329606

9.2 description

Ammonium bicarbonate is a commonly used reagent for industrial and research procedures. Ammonium bicarbonate is volatile in solution and releases ammonia and CO2. This property makes ammonium bicarbonate a good buffer for such applications as lyophilization and matrix assisted laser desorption. Ammonium bicarbonate is also utilized for the in-gel digestion of proteins by trypsin and in the MALDI mass spectrometric analysis of proteins.

Ammonium bicarbonate is used as a baking powder, in some food processing applications, in cough syrups and as antacid. It also has uses as a fertilizer, pH buffer, and reagent in chemical laboratories. In the industry, it is used in the manufacture of dyes, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, ceramics, fire-retardants, plastics and other products.

9.3 Nitrogen fertilizer

Ammonium bicarbonate is mainly used as fertilizers. After being applied to the soil, the ammonium ion (NH4 +) contained in ammonium bicarbonate can be absorbed by soil colloid or lattice-fixed or transformed into nitrate nitrogen. After being absorbed by plants, there are no accessory constituents remaining in the soil with a small impact on the soil pH. It is applicable to all kinds of soil and crops, soil without leaving any harmful substance residue for the soil and crops. It is quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and can be subject to long-term usage.
In order to prevent the loss of fertilizer efficacy due to ammonia volatilization and the burning of the crop stems and leaves, we can apply deep placement and cover soil. It can be used as basic fertilizer for topdressing, but not suitable to be used as seed manure. When being used for topdressing, we should prevent the drop of ammonium bicarbonate onto the plant, to avoid ammonia hazards. The shortcoming of ammonium bicarbonate as a fertilizer lies in its chemical instability. After the addition of crystalline modifier, the crystal of ammonium bicarbonate is enlarged and the water content is reduced, reducing the phenomenon of easily subjecting to decomposition and agglomeration. Ammonium bicarbonate is one of nitrogen fertilizer industrial products, being the major varieties of small nitrogenous fertilizer plants in China, being one of the purification products of coke oven in the coking plant. Coking plant takes concentrated ammonia as raw materials for reaction with carbon dioxide to generate ammonium bicarbonate crystals with centrifugal filtering to obtain ammonium bicarbonate products.
Ammonium bicarbonate is easy to be subject to decomposition. It is appropriate to be packed with the combination of inner plastic film and external plastic bag or 3-layers of kraft paper sacks, both need to be sealed and stored in a warehouse of being cool, low-temperature, dry and ventilated to prevent moisture, rain and sun.

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9.4 Chemical properties

Ammonium bicarbonate appears as white monoclinic or orthorhombic crystals. It is soluble in water, but insoluble in ethanol, carbon disulfide and concentrated ammonia.
It dissolves in water to give a mildly alkaline solution. It is insoluble in most organic solvents. While it is stable at room temperature (25 °C), it decomposes at temperatures above 36 °C to form ammonia, carbon dioxide, and water in an endothermic reaction (absorbs energy for the reaction from the surroundings).
NH4HCO3 → NH3 + CO2 + H2O
Ammonium bicarbonate reacts with acids to produce carbon dioxide, and reacts with bases to produce ammonia.

9.5 Uses

1. Ammonium bicarbonate is used as nitrogen fertilizer, being applicable to a variety of soils, can simultaneously provide the ammonium nitrogen and carbon dioxide demanded by crop growth. However, it contains low nitrogen content and is also easy to caking.
2. It can be used as analytical reagent as well as being used in synthesizing ammonium salt and fabric degreasing.
3. It can promote crop growth and photosynthesis; trigger seedlings and the growth of leaves. It can be used as topdressing as well as being directly applied as ground fertilizer as food leavening agent and bulking agent.
4. Ammonium bicarbonate can be used as a senior food fermentation agent. Its combination with sodium bicarbonate can be used as the raw materials of leavening agent such as bread, biscuits and pancakes. It can also be used as raw material of foam powder juice, as well as being used for the blanching of green vegetables and bamboo shoots. Moreover, it can be used as medicine and reagents.
5. Alkali; leavening agent; buffer; aerating agent.
Its combination with sodium bicarbonate can be used as the raw materials of leavening agent such as bread, biscuits and pancakes. Baking powder also takes this product as the main ingredient, together with the acidic substances. It can also be used as raw material of foam powder juice. The dosage of the blanching of green vegetables and bamboo shoots should be 0.1% to 0.3%.
6. It can be used as analytical reagent; used for ammonium salt synthesis. Pharmaceuticals; baking powder; dyeing; It can be used for fabric degreasing. It can also be used as foamed plastics.

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9.6 Production method

Send the compressed carbon dioxide into the concentrated ammonia, and place it under the carbon dioxide pressure; simultaneously apply cooling; precipitate out the crystal; followed by centrifugal separation and dehydration to obtain the final product. Upon refining, dissolve it in water, and add ethanol to re-crystallize it.
Carbonization method: after the ammonia is absorbed by water; apply carbon dioxide for carbonization, followed by separation and drying to produce ammonium bicarbonate.
NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3
To the carbon dioxide gas originated from the lime kiln and be subject to cleaning and washing, send the ammonia to saturation, followed by centrifugal separation and hot air drying to obtain the finished products.
NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3

9.7 Chemical Properties

Ammonium bicarbonate is a white crystalline solid with a faint ammonia odor and soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol and acetone. It decomposes above 35℃ to ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor, releasing irritant fumes. Only 30% of the applied nitrogen of this fertilizer is recovered by plants owing to the unstable nature of ammonium bicarbonate. that forms by the reaction of anunonium hydroxide and excess CO2.

9.8 Physical properties

White crystalline solid; prismatic crystal; faint odor of ammonia; stable at ambient temperature but decomposes on heating at 60°C; melts at 107.5°C on very rapid heating; density 1.586 g/cm³; vapor pressure 435 torr at 25°C; readily dissolves in water (21.6g/100g at 20°C, and 36.6g/100g at 40°C).

9.9 Uses

A buffer applications such as lyophilization and matrix assisted laser desorption.

9.10 Uses

Ammonium Bicarbonate is a dough strengthener, a leavening agent, a ph control agent, and a texturizer. prepared by reacting gaseous carbon dioxide with aqueous ammonia. crystals of ammo- nium bicarbonate are precipitated from solution and subsequently washed and dried. Also known as hartshorn and rock ammonia, ammonium bicarbonate is soluble in water but decomposes when heated. It was used in place of ammonia when making ammonia-ripened gelatin emulsions.

9.11 General Description

A white crystalline solid having the odor of ammonia. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Used to make other ammonium compounds, in food processing, and for other uses.

9.12 Storage Conditions

(1) the compressed carbon dioxide into the concentrated ammonia, and placed in the carbon dioxide pressure, while cooling, precipitation of the crystal, the centrifugal separation, dehydration. When it was purified, it was dissolved in water, and ethanol was added to recrystallize it. Carbonization method Ammonia is absorbed by water, carbonized with carbon dioxide, and then separated and dried to produce ammonium bicarbonate.
(2) from the lime kiln and cleaned by the washing of CO2 gas, into the ammonia to saturation, after centrifugal separation, hot air drying derived products.
(3) the industrial ammonium bicarbonate added to the amount of water, and slowly into the ammonia. Heated to 40 ~ 50 ° C, stirring until no longer dissolved so far. Add a small amount of activated carbon, at 40 ~ 50 ℃ for a certain time. The solution was filtered, the solution cooled and carbon dioxide was bubbled through. And then by suction filtration crystallization, is pure ammonium bicarbonate. Carbon dioxide can also be passed through the saturated ammonia crystallization process in the system. Carbonization method Ammonia is absorbed by water, carbonized with carbon dioxide, and then separated and dried to produce ammonium bicarbonate
.(4) The compressed carbon dioxide into the concentrated ammonia, and carbon dioxide placed under pressure, while cooling, precipitation of the crystal, the centrifugal separation, dehydration. When it was purified, it was dissolved in water, and ethanol was added to recrystallize it.
(5) A slight excess of barium hydroxide solution was added depending on the content of SO42- ions in the solution Solution. Insulation standing 1h, hot filter, the filtrate access to a larger jar, stopper on the inlet and outlet. Outlet access to distilled water bottle. Until the solution is cooled, the first ammonia to Xian bottle of distilled water is no longer absorb The crystals were filtered off and dried at room temperature (about 2 ~ 3h) For 2 hours to give the final ammonium bicarbonate.

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9.13 Dissociation Constants

Dissociation constant (Kd): 1.45

9.14 Experimental Properties

Comparatively stable at room temperature. Volatile with decomposition at about 60 °C. The white fumes given off consist of NH3 21.5%, CO2 55.7%, H2O vapor 22.8%. Rate of decomposition increases as temperature rises. Negative heat of solution.|May attack copper, nickel and zinc.|Heat of solution: 26.4 kJ at 288.2 K

9.15 Reactive Group

Salts, Basic

9.16 Reactivity Profile

AMMONIUM BICARBONATE decomposes when heated above 36°C, releasing ammonia and carbon dioxide gases; it can also be decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide by strong acids and strong bases [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 141].

9.17 Storage features

Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and acids. Cool.

9.18 Disposal Methods

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|May be buried in a chemical waste landfill. If neutralized ammonium bicarbonate is amendable to treatment at a municipal sewage treatment plant.

9.19 FDA Requirements

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).|Ammonium bicarbonate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

9.20 Special Reports

European Chemicals Bureau; IUCLID Dataset for Ammonium hydrogencarbonate (1066-33-7) 26 p.(2000) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of February 24, 2011: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]

9.21 Fire Hazards

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating and toxic ammonia gas may form in fires. Behavior in Fire: Decomposes, but reaction is not explosive. Ammonia gas is formed. (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

9.22 Nonfire Spill Response

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

9.23 Personal Protective Equipment

Work gloves; dust respirator; chemical safety goggles, protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)|Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles.

9.24 Fire Potential

Ammonium bicarbonate may burn, but does not readily ignite.

9.25 Fire Fighting Procedures

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire (material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty).|Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide; water spray; or alcohol foam extinguishers. Poisonous gases are produced in fire, including ammonia gas and nitrogen oxides. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full face-pieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

9.26 Cleanup Methods

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with dilute acid.|Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.|Spill handling: evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.

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9.27 Preventive Measures

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. ... Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. ... Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|Enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release.|Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for AMMONIUM BICARBONATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

9.28 Spillage Disposal

Personal protection: filter respirator for ammonia and organic ammonia derivatives in conjunction with particulate filter adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

9.29 Inhalation Risk

No indication can be given about the rate at which a harmful concentration of this substance in the air is reached on evaporation at 20 °C.

9.30 Effects Of Short Term Exposure

The substance is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.

9.31 Inhalation Prevention

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

9.32 Skin Prevention

Protective gloves.

9.33 Eye Pprevention

Wear safety spectacles.

9.34 Human Exposure

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of ammonium bicarbonate is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 38,228 workers (22,886 of these were female) were potentially exposed to ammonium bicarbonate in the US(1).

9.35 Therapeutic Uses

Antacid & stimulant. Dose 0.3-1 g. /Ammonium bicarbonate BP/|Medication (Vet): Expectorant, used in bloat, colic.|Expectorant

9.36 Absorption

There appears to be a more rapid excretion of ammonia following ammonium bicarbonate infusions, which result in higher unionized ammonia levels in blood compared, with those following ammonium chloride infusions.

9.37 Metabolism

Ammonium bicarbonate dissociated into free ammonia at level of cell membrane.

9.38 First Aid

Consult physician in case of ingestion or severe irritation. INHALATION: move to uncontaminated atmosphere. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. INGESTION: if conscious, give water and induce vomiting. SKIN: Wash with large amounts of soap and water. EYES: wash with large amounts of water. (USCG, 1999)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

9.39 Antidote

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ammonia and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for signs of pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mg/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize. /Ammonia and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ammonium and related compounds/

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9.40 Human Toxicity Excerpts

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Large doses of ammonium bicarbonate can produce nausea and vomiting.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Worker exposure. Ingestion may cause adverse effects. Inhalation of dust may cause irritation of respiratory tract. Eye and skin contact may cause irritation.

9.41 Symptoms

Cough. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain.

9.42 Production

100,000,000 - 250,000,000 lb|Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#1362]|Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Carbonic acid, ammonium salt (1:1). Aggregated National Production Volume: 1 to < 10 million lbs.

9.43 Formulations

Olive Fly Attact and Kill (A&K) Target Device for Commercial Olives (Suterra LLC) 12.7% Carbonic acid, monoammonium salt, 0.16% 1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5] undecane, 0.05% lambda-Cyhalothrin|Olive Fly Attact and Kill (A&K) Target Device for Ornamental Olives (Suterra LLC) 12.7% Carbonic acid, monoammonium salt, 0.16% 1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5] undecane, 0.05% lambda-Cyhalothrin|Lurex-Cubed (Woodstream Corp.) 74.63% Carbonic acid, monoammonium salt, 35.4% L-Lactic acid|AMMONIUM CARBONATE NF: CARBONIC ACID, MONOAMMONIUM SALT, MIXTURE WITH AMMONIUM CARBAMATE ... .|Grades: technical, CP /chemically pure: a grade designation signifying a minimum of impurities, but not 100% purity/, FCC /Food Chemicals CODEX/.

9.44 Manufacturing Info

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Carbonic acid, ammonium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|Solutions of ammonium bicarbonate were highly effective attractants for the Queensland fruit fly, provided they were tested in traps in which the retention of the flies did not depend on their contacting the bait solution.|Incompatibilities: pharmaceutical incompatibilities /include/ acids, caustic alkalies.

9.45 Use Classification

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Specialized Industrial Chemicals|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives|Food Additives -> RAISING_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Cosmetics -> Buffering

9.46 Usage

In cooling baths, fire extinguishing compounds, baking powder formulations, and in the manufacture of ceramics and pigments. Also used for compost treatment to accelerate decomposition.Ammonium hydrogen carbonate is used as a reagent in chemical industries. It is an active component used in the manufacturing of fire-extinguishing compounds, pharmaceuticals, dyes, pigments and fertilizers. It finds application in the plastic, ceramics, leather and rubber industries. It is also used in cooling baths, scale and gypsum removing agents, leavening agent for baked goods and a defatting agent for textiles. Further, it acts as a buffer used in the purification of chemicals. In addition to this, it is involved in the gel digestion of proteins by trypsin and mass spectrometric analysis of proteins.

9.47 Usage

Ammonium bicarbonate is a commonly used reagent for industrial and research procedures. It acts a good buffer in lyophilization and matrix assisted laser desorption. It is also utilized for the in-gel digestion of proteins by trypsin and in the MALDI mass spectrometric analysis of proteins. It is also used to make other ammonium compounds, in food processing, and for other uses. Ammonium bicarbonate can be used to study biological buffers. It is also used in a study that demonstrated that ammonium bicarbonate salts, which can be regenerated using low-temperature waste heat, can also produce sufficient voltage for hydrogen gas generation in a microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis cells. It has also been used in a study that developed a fast and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of Sudan dyes in food samples using partial filling micellar electrokinectic chromatography-mass spectrometry.

9.48 Air & Water Reactions

Soluble in water.

9.49 Reactivity Profile

Heat > 36°C ( produces ammonia and carbon dioxide); strong acids and strong bases (CO2 and NH3) [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980 p. 141].

9.50 Hazard

Evolves irritating fumes on heating to 35C.

9.51 Health Hazard

Inhalation may cause respiratory irritation. Ingestion could be harmful. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

9.52 Agricultural Uses

Ammonium hydrogen carbonate is another name for ammonium bicarbonate (NH4CO3), It is a low nitrogen containing fertilizer (17% N), used largely in China. It is produced by heating ammonium hydroxide with excess carbon dioxide, followed by evaporation of water.

9.53 Safety Profile

Poison by intravenous route. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO, and NH3

9.54 Potential Exposure

It is used in leavening for some baked goods; in baking powders and fire extinguishers; to make dyes and pigments; in the manufacture of porous plastics; and as an expectorant.

9.55 Shipping

UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.

9.56 Incompatibilities

Contact with strong caustics, such as potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide will cause the release of ammonia gas. Decomposes as temperature rises ＞35 C.

9.57 Waste Disposal

May be buried in a chemical waste landfill. If neutralized ammonium bicarbonate is amenable to treatment at a municipal sewage treatment plant.

• Molecular Weight: 79.0553g/mol
• Molecular Formula: CH₅NO₃
• Compound Is Canonicalized: True
• XLogP3-AA: null
• Exact Mass: 79.026943022
• Monoisotopic Mass: 79.026943022
• Complexity: 24.8
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 61.4
• Heavy Atom Count: 5
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
• CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcYACMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAQCAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAgAIAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==