Calcium carbonate
- Iupac Name：calcium;carbonate
- CAS No.: 471-34-1
- Molecular Weight：100.0869
- Modify Date.: 2022-11-10 14:04
- Introduction: Calcium carbonate occurs in nature as limestone in various forms, such as marble, chalk, and coral. It is probably the most widely-used raw material in the chemical industry. It has numerous applications, primarily to produce cement, mortars, plasters, refractories, and glass as building materials. It also is used to produce quicklime, hydrated lime and a number of calcium compounds. It is produced either as powdered or precipitated calcium carbonate. The latter consists of finer particles of greater purity and more uniform size. They also have many important commercial applications. Various grades of precipitated calcium carbonate are used in several products, such as textiles, papers, paints, plastics, adhesives, sealants, and cosmetics.
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1. Names and Identifiers
- 1.1 Name
- Calcium carbonate
- 1.2 Synonyms
aeromatt akadama albacar albacar5970 albafil albaglos CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate (synthetic) Calcium carbonate,light powder Calcium, carboxyhydroxy- Carboxy(hydroxy)calcium EINECS 207-439-9 MFCD00010906 PARIS WHITE PRECIPITATED CHALK
- 1.3 CAS No.
- 471-34-1
- 1.4 CID
- 10112
- 1.5 EINECS(EC#)
- 207-439-9
- 1.6 Molecular Formula
- CCaO3 (isomer)
- 1.7 Inchi
- InChI=1S/CH2O3.Ca/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2
- 1.8 InChkey
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L
- 1.9 Canonical Smiles
- C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ca+2]
- 1.10 Isomers Smiles
- C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ca+2]
2. Properties
- 2.1 Density
- 2.93
- 2.1 Melting point
- 825℃
- 2.1 Boiling point
- 333.6°C at 760mmHg
- 2.1 Refractive index
- 1.6583
- 2.1 Flash Point
- 197℃
- 2.1 Precise Quality
- 99.94730
- 2.1 PSA
- 63.19000
- 2.1 logP
- -2.44700
- 2.1 Solubility
- 5 M HCl: 0.1?M at?20?°C, clear, colorless
- 2.2 Appearance
- white or colourless crystals or white powder or chunks
- 2.3 Storage
- Calcium carbonate is stable and should be stored in a well-closedcontainer in a cool, dry place.
- 2.4 Chemical Properties
- Calcium carbonate occurs in two forms—hexagonal crystal known as calcite, and orthorhombic form, aragonite. Calcite decomposes on heating at 825°C, aragonite melts at 1,339°C (at 102.5 atm). Density 2.71 g/cm3 (calcite), 2.83 g/cm3 (aragonite); insoluble in water (15mg/L at 25°C); Ksp 4.8x10–9 ; soluble in dilute mineral acids.
- 2.5 Color/Form
- White powder
Powder or crystals; aragonite: orthorhombic; calcite: hexagonal-rhombohedral
- 2.6 Corrosivity
- Non-corrosive
- 2.7 Decomposition
- When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors.
- 2.8 Odor
- Odorless
- 2.9 PH
- pH = 8 to 9
- 2.10 Water Solubility
- Insoluble
- 2.11 Spectral Properties
- Index of refraction: 1.5145 (300 nm); 1.4864 (589 nm); 1.4828 (750 nm) /Aragonite/
Index of Refraction: 1.7216 (300 nm); 1.6584 (589 nm); 1.6503 (750 nm) /Calcite/
- 2.12 Stability
- Stable. Incompatible with acids, fluorine, ammonium salts, alum.
- 2.13 StorageTemp
- Store at +5°C to +30°C.
3. Use and Manufacturing
- 3.1 Agricultural Uses
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a naturally occurringwhite solid that is sparingly soluble in water. It is mostcommonly used to neutralize soil acidity to the requiredlevel in a process called liming.The major sources of calcium carbonate are calciticlimestone, dolomitic limestone, marl, chalk and marble.Calcium carbonate is made by passing carbon dioxide(CO2) into limewater. Pure calcium carbonate is assumedto have a 100% neutralizing value. The values of otherliming materials are measured against the neutralizingvalue of pure calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate, onheating, decomposes to give calcium oxide (quick lime)and carbon dioxide.Limestone, which consists mainly of calciumcarbonate, is called calcitic limestone or high calciumlimestone. Limestone containing more than 10%magnesium carbonate is called dolomitic limestone ordolomite. These forms contain about 12% magnesium.Agricultural dolomitic limestone is a fine, grey to whitepowder of a double carbonate of calcium and magnesiumwith 12.8% magnesium and 17% calcium. The doublecarbonate is much less soluble in water than theindividual carbonates.
- 3.2 Definition
- calcium carbonate: A white solid,CaCO3, which is only sparingly solublein water. Calcium carbonatedecomposes on heating to give calciumoxide (quicklime) and carbondioxide. It occurs naturally as theminerals calcite (rhombohedral; r.d.2.71) and aragonite (rhombic; r.d.2.93). Rocks containing calcium carbonatedissolve slowly in acidifiedrainwater (containing dissolved CO2)to cause temporary hardness. In thelaboratory, calcium carbonate is precipitatedfrom limewater by carbondioxide. Calcium carbonate is used inmaking lime (calcium oxide) and isthe main raw material for theSolvay process.
- 3.3 Produe Method
- Calcium carbonate is obtained from natural limestone deposits. The purified compound, known as precipitated calcium carbonate, is synthesized from limestone. Limestone is calcined to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in a kiln. The products are recombined after purification. Calcium oxide is hydrated with water to give a slurry called milk of lime, which is then carbonated by bubbling CO2 through it. The reactions involved in the process are as follows:CaCO3 CaO + CO2CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2Ca(OH)2+ CO2→CaCO3+ H2OThe crystal sizes required for various commercial applications may be controlled by temperature, pH, concentrations, and mixing rate.Calcium carbonate also may be precipitated by mixing solutions of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate.
- 3.4 Usage
- Calcium carbonate isprobably the most widely used raw material in thechemical industry. It has numerous applications,primarily to produce cement, mortars, plasters, refractories,and glass as building materials. It is also used toproduce quicklime, hydrated lime and a number ofcalcium compounds.
4. Safety and Handling
- 4.1 Hazard Codes
- Xi
- 4.1 Risk Statements
- R36/37/38;R41
- 4.1 Safety Statements
- S26;S36/37/39
- 4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations
- Calcium carbonate used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
- 4.2 Other Preventative Measures
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
- 4.3 Cleanup Methods
- Sweep spilled substance into containers. (Extra personal protection: P1 filter respirator for inert particles).
- 4.4 DisposalMethods
-
SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
- 4.5 RIDADR
- NONH for all modes of transport
- 4.5 Fire Fighting Procedures
- In case of fire in the surroundings: all extinguishing agents allowed.
- 4.6 FirePotential
- Not combustible.
- 4.7 Formulations/Preparations
- Precipitated calcium carbonate, precipitated chalk, Aeromatt, Albacar, Purecal. Commercial CaCO3 produced by chem means. It is 98-99% pure. Prepared calcium carbonate, drop chalk, prepared chalk, whiting, english white, paris white. Native calcium carbonate purified by elutriation.
Available in Filler grades; USP grades; technical grades; high-purity grades; and specialty grades
Found in: Tums, 500 mg; Tums-Extra strength, 750 mg
Both natural ground or precipitated calcium carbonate are available as dry products. Calcium carbonate slurry, primarily used in the paper industry, is typically >70% solids by weight for ground products and 20-50% solids by weight for precipitated. Some grades are surface coated to improve handling and dispersibility in plastics. Agents used for surface treatment used are fatty acids, resins, and wetting agents.
MAALOX QUICK DISSOLVE: 600 mg CaCO3/tablet; MYLANTA: 150 mg Mg(OH)2 and 350 mg CaCO3/tablet; ROLAIDS: 110 mg Mg(OH)2 and 550 mg CaCO3/tablet/From table/
- 4.8 Incompatibilities
- Incompatible with acids and ammonium salts.
- 4.9 WGK Germany
- -
- 4.9 RTECS
- FF9335000
- 4.9 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
- Calcium carbonate ignites and burns fiercely in contact with fluorine. /Fluorine: metal salts/
When a mixture of magnesium and calcium carbonate is heated in a current of hydrogen, a violent explosion occurs. /Magnesium: hydrogen and calcium carbonate/
Calcium carbonate reacts with acids with evolution of carbon dioxide and heat (reported to be about 19 kJ/mol in hydrochloric acid).
Acids, alum, ammonium salts, mercury & hydrogen, fluorine, magnesium.
- 4.10 Safety
-
Hazard Codes: 
Xi
Risk Statements: 37/38-41-36/38-36
37/38: Irritating to respiratory system and skin
41: Risk of serious damage to eyes
36/38: Irritating to eyes and skin
36: Irritating to the eyes
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-37/39
26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection
37/39:Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection
- 4.11 Specification
-
Calcium carbonate , its cas register number is 471-34-1. It also can be called Carbonic acid calcium salt ; Marble ; and Limestone .
- 4.12 Toxicity
- LD50 orally in Rabbit: 6450 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rat > 2000 mg/kg
5. MSDS
2.Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Not classified.
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) | No symbol. |
| Signal word | No signal word. |
| Hazard statement(s) | none |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | none |
| Response | none |
| Storage | none |
| Disposal | none |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
none
7. Other Information
- 7.0 Description
- Calcium carbonate occurs in nature as limestone in various forms, such as marble, chalk, and coral. It is probably the most widely-used raw material in the chemical industry. It has numerous applications, primarily to produce cement, mortars, plasters, refractories, and glass as building materials. It also is used to produce quicklime, hydrated lime and a number of calcium compounds. It is produced either as powdered or precipitated calcium carbonate. The latter consists of finer particles of greater purity and more uniform size. They also have many important commercial applications. Various grades of precipitated calcium carbonate are used in several products, such as textiles, papers, paints, plastics, adhesives, sealants, and cosmetics.
calcium carbonate block
- 7.1 Chemical Properties
- Calcium carbonate occurs in two forms—hexagonal crystal known as calcite, and orthorhombic form, aragonite. Calcite decomposes on heating at 825°C, aragonite melts at 1,339°C (at 102.5 atm). Density 2.71 g/cm3 (calcite), 2.83 g/cm3 (aragonite); insoluble in water (15mg/L at 25°C); Ksp 4.8x10–9 ; soluble in dilute mineral acids.
- 7.2 Chemical Properties
- Calcium carbonate occurs as an odorless and tasteless white powder or crystals.
- 7.3 Physical properties
- Calcium carbonate is a naturally occurring compound found in organisms and throughout the earth’s crust. After quartz, calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of calcite, is the most common mineral found in the crust. Geologically, calcium carbonate exists in several mineral forms: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite. Calcite is the most common calcium carbonate mineral, whereas vaterite is a very rare form. The different mineral forms of calcium carbonate are based on their crystalline structure. The form of calcium carbonate depends on the conditions at its formation such as temperature and pressure.
- 7.4 Physical properties
- Calcium carbonate has the molecular formula of CaCO3 and the molecular weight of 100.0924 g/mol. It is a common substance found in rock in all parts of the world, and is the main component of the shells of many marine organisms such as snails and conches. It is the main ingredient in eggshells of birds and pearls obtained from oysters.
Calcium carbonate is the active ingredient in "limestone" used as "agricultural lime" and is the principal cause of "hard water" since most subterranean streams used for fresh water come from wells where underground water flows through limestone beds which are eroded due to its passage. Calcium carbonate occurs in nature as limestone in various forms, such as marble, chalk, and coral.
- 7.5 Physical properties
- Calcium carbonate or precipitated chalk has excellent absorption properties. It provides a matte finish and moderate coverage. High levels of this material will cause an undesirable, dry, powdery feel and should be avoided.
- 7.6 Uses
- Calcium carbonate is probably the most widely used raw material in the chemical industry. It has numerous applications, primarily to produce cement, mortars, plasters, refractories, and glass as building materials. It is also used to produce quicklime, hydrated lime and a number of calcium compounds.
- 7.7 Uses
- Humans primarily use calcium carbonate as a primary source of calcium to combat osteoporosis. Most limestone is used today as construction material. In addition to its use as a construction material, calcium carbonate is also used in numerous industrial processes. Two forms commonly used are ground calcium carbonate (gcc) and precipitated calcium carbonate (pcc).
Calcium carbonate is used widely in papermaking as filler and coating pigment to whiten paper. Calcium carbonate is used in place of more expensive optical brightening agents in paper and as a fill to replace more expensive wood pulp fiber; it also helps control the pH in an alkaline range.
The second most common industrial use of calcium carbonate (after papermaking) representing the largest use of gcc is in the production of plastics. It is used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), thermoset polyesters, and polyolefins. Calcium carbonate can be used to replace resins that are more expensive. Similar to its use in the paper industry, it is used as an optical brightener and whitening agent. It also is used to increase strength and absorb heat during exothermic processes.
Calcium carbonate is also used in the production of polyethylene and polypropylene. It is an additive to paints and coatings for several purposes including particle size distribution, opacity control, weather resistance, pH control, and anticorrosion. Calcium carbonate is used to buff er acidic soils.
Calcium carbonate has also been used to mitigate the effects of acid precipitation on water bodies. Another environmental application of calcium carbonate is for gas desulfurization in scrubbers used to reduce sulfur emissions from air pollution sources.
- 7.8 Uses
- Calcium Carbonate is the calcium salt of carbonic acid which is used as an anticaking agent and dough strengthener. it is available in varying particle sizes ranging from coarse to fine powder. it is practically insoluble in water and alcohol, but the presence of any ammonium salt or carbon dioxide increases its solubility while the presence of any alkali hydroxide reduces its solubility. it has a ph of 9–9.5. it is the primary source of lime (calcium oxide) which is made by heating limestone in a furnace. calcium carbonate is used as a filler in baking powder, for calcium enrichment, as a mild buffering agent in doughs, as a source of calcium ions in dry mix desserts, and as a neutralizer in antacids. it is also termed limestone.
- 7.9 Uses
- Made by adding soluble carbonate to a calcium salt solution. The white powder or crystals are soluble in acid but not in water. Calcium carbonate was used to neutralize gold toning baths and as a fine abrasive added to water and alcohol for cleaning glass plates before they were coated with photographic binders.
- 7.10 Production Methods
- Calcium carbonate is obtained from natural limestone deposits. The purified compound, known as precipitated calcium carbonate, is synthesized from limestone. Limestone is calcined to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in a kiln. The products are recombined after purification. Calcium oxide is hydrated with water to give a slurry called milk of lime, which is then carbonated by bubbling CO2 through it. The reactions involved in the process are as follows:
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2+ CO2→CaCO3+ H2O
The crystal sizes required for various commercial applications may be controlled by temperature, pH, concentrations, and mixing rate.
Calcium carbonate also may be precipitated by mixing solutions of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate.
- 7.11 Definition
- calcium carbonate: A white solid,CaCO3, which is only sparingly solublein water. Calcium carbonatedecomposes on heating to give calciumoxide (quicklime) and carbondioxide. It occurs naturally as theminerals calcite (rhombohedral; r.d.2.71) and aragonite (rhombic; r.d.2.93). Rocks containing calcium carbonatedissolve slowly in acidifiedrainwater (containing dissolved CO2)to cause temporary hardness. In thelaboratory, calcium carbonate is precipitatedfrom limewater by carbondioxide. Calcium carbonate is used inmaking lime (calcium oxide) and isthe main raw material for theSolvay process.
- 7.12 Usage
- Manufacture of paint, rubber, plastics, etc. In food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. As soil conditioner, neutralizer of surface waters, and as an industrial acid neutralizerIt is used medicinally as a calcium supplement or as an antacid. It is also used for industrial purposes. Calcium carbonate is the most widely used mineral in paper, plastics, paints and coatings industries. Hierarchical hollow calcium carbonate particles shows an useful application as anticancer drug carrier. It plays an essential role to catalyze alcoholysis of fats and oils.
- 7.13 Usage
- Calcium carbonate is used in the purification of iron, refining of sugar from sugar beet and flue gas desulfurization applications in fossil fuel power stations. It is used in blackboard chalk, printing and writing paper, paints, plastics, PVC cables, polypropylene compounds, thermosetting resins, adhesives, sealants and decorating fillers. It is an abrasive and an ingredient in many glazes. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as an inert filler for tablets and other pharmaceuticals. It is used as a base in many organic reactions.
- 7.14 Usage
- Calcium carbonate is used in the purification of iron, refining of sugar from sugar beet, and flue gas desulfurization applications in fossil fuel power stations. It is used in blackboard chalk, printing and writing paper, paints, plastics, PVC cables, polypropylene compounds, thermosetting resins, adhesives, sealants, and decorating fillers. It is an abrasive, and an ingredient in many glazes. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry as an inert filler for tablets and other pharmaceuticals. It is used as a base in many organic reactions.
- 7.15 Usage
- Calcium carbonate is used medicinally as a calcium supplement or as an antacid. It is also used for industrial purposes. Calcium carbonate is the most widely used mineral in the paper, plastics, paints and coatings industries. Hierarchical hollow calcium carbonate particles show a useful application as an anticancer drug carrier. It plays an essential role to catalyze alcoholysis of fats and oils.
- 7.16 Usage
- It is used medicinally as a calcium supplement or as an antacid. It is also used for industrial purposes. Calcium carbonate is the most widely used mineral in the paper, plastics, paints and coatings industries. Hierarchical hollow calcium carbonate particles shows an useful application as anticancer drug carrier. It plays an essential role to catalyze alcoholysis of fats and oils.
- 7.17 Usage
- Calcium carbonate is a dietary supplement used when the quantity of calcium taken in the diet is not enough. Used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion and upset belly. Practiced in the expression industry. Also widely used as a filler in plastics and is used in metallurgy of iron.
- 7.18 Usage
- Calcium carbonate is used in medicine and agriculture. It is also used in flue gas desulfurization in fossil fuel power stations, production of toothpaste, ceramics/glazing applications, purification of iron from iron ore, and to clean tarnish on silver. It is used in the refining of sugar, as filler in thermosetting resins, as an abrasive, as an extender in paints, and as a formation-bridging filtercake-sealing agent in oil industry. It is used in swimming pools for controlling the pH, to improve the rigidity of polypropylene compounds.
- 7.19 Usage
- Applied as neutralizing agent, filler, and extender in rubber, plastics, paints, opacifying agent in paper, putty, antacid, Portland cement, sulfur dioxide, removal from stack gases, allurgical flux, analytical chemistry, carbon dioxide generation, and determining halogens in organic compounds.
- 7.20 Usage
- Calcium carbonate is used in medicine and agriculture. It is also used in flue gas desulfurization in fossil fuel power stations, production of toothpaste, ceramics/glazing applications, purification of iron from iron ore, and to clean tarnish on silver. It forms the major component of ceramic tile adhesives. It is used in the refining of sugar, as filler in thermosetting resins, as an abrasive, as an extender in paints, and as a formation-bridging filtercake-sealing agent in oil industry. It is used in swimming pools for controlling the pH, to improve the rigidity of polypropylene compounds.
- 7.21 Preparation
- Calcium carbonate may also be produced by mixing solutions of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. In some cases, the presence of sodium is objectionable so that the ammonium carbonate salt is preferable.
- 7.22 Reactions
- Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and CO2 on heating. Treatment with dilute mineral acids produces corresponding calcium salts with liberation of CO2:
CaCO3+ 2HCl →CaCl2+ H2O + CO2
In the presence of CO2 it dissolves in water with the formation of bicarbonate:
CaCO3+ H2O + CO2→Ca2++ 2HCO3 ˉ
It is reduced to calcium carbide when heated with coke or anthracite in an electric furnace:
2CaCO3+ 5C→(high temperature)→2CaC2+ 3CO2
- 7.23 Brand name
- Cal-Sup (3M Pharmaceuticals); Children’s Mylanta Upset Stomach Relief (Johnson & Johnson-Merck Consumer); Chooz (Schering- Plough HealthCare); Mylanta Soothing Lozenges (Johnson & Johnson-Merck Consumer).
- 7.24 General Description
-
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) is a naturally found material in chalk, limestone, and marble. It is composed of three elements which include carbon, oxygen, and calcium. It is formed by reacting carbon dioxide with slaked or burnt lime. It can be used for a variety of applications ranging from industrial, food to agriculture.
- 7.25 Merck
- 14,1657
- 7.26 BRN
- 8008338
- 7.27 毒性
- GRAS(FDA§184．1191；§182．5191：2000)。
8. Computational chemical data
- Molecular Weight: 100.0869g/mol
- Molecular Formula: CCaO3
- Compound Is Canonicalized: True
- XLogP3-AA: null
- Exact Mass: 99.9473347
- Monoisotopic Mass: 99.9473347
- Complexity: 18.8
- Rotatable Bond Count: 0
- Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
- Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
- Topological Polar Surface Area: 63.2
- Heavy Atom Count: 5
- Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Isotope Atom Count: 0
- Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
- CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcQAAMAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAIAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
9. Question & Answer
-
It is well-known that calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition forming calcium oxide and C O X 2 " style="position: relative;" tabindex="0" id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="MathJax" C O X 2 C O X 2 . However, the reaction requires a lot of heat (approximately 840 °C). Is it possible to...
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You cannot consume enough. It is not absorbable or bioavailable to humans. It is better as a plant mineral. The molecular bond between the calcium and carbonate molecule is too strong for humans to breakdown in their digestive tract. I estimate you absorb at best 5–6%. Dont waste your money. I sug...
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Soluble calcium bicarbonate should be the product. Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is only an aqueous solution of carbon dioxide (CO2 + H2O). When insoluble calcium carbonate is treated with carbonic acid, the former dissolves to give a colourless aqueous solution of calcium bicarbonate. CaCO3 (s) + CO2 + H2...
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Slurry the 2 salts up in water … the carbonate is pretty insoluble … the chloride is water-soluble … pass thru a filter …. and the material retained by the filter is the carbonate …. To access the chloride (AFTER the carbonate has been removed thru several cycles) …. add ethyl alcohol, and th...
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