Carbon
- Iupac Name：carbon
- CAS No.: 7440-44-0
- Molecular Weight：16.04246
- Modify Date.: 2022-11-11 05:18
- Introduction: Black grains that have been treated to improve absorptive ability. May heat spontaneously if not properly cooled after manufacture.
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1. Names and Identifiers
- 1.1 Name
- Carbon
- 1.2 Synonyms
(0321) CARBON ACTIV COAL ACTIVATED CARBON Activated carbon, 4 x 10 mesh granules ACTIVATED CARBON, GRANULES 2.5 MM Activated charcoal ACTIVATEDCHARCOAL ACTIVE CARBON CARBON (AMORPHOUS) Carbon Activated CARBON ACTIVATED (GRANULAR) Carbon nanodiscs/nanocones (annealed) CARBON, ACTIVATED Carbon, activated, -20+40 mesh CARBON, ACTIVATED, CHORCARB 130 GRADE/ACTIVATED CARBON/CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED CARBON, ACTIVATED, DARCO ACID WASHED CHARCOAL ACTIVATED CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED GRANULAR DARCO G 60 ACTIVATED CHARCOAL FERRO CHROMIUM GLASSY CARBON MFCD00133992 Reduced Graphene Oxide@ Fe3O4 Single Layer CVD hexagonal Boron Nitride FilM on 285 nM SiO2/Si substrates (p-doped) Single Layer Graphene on Copper Foil Single Layer Graphene on Glass Single Layer Graphene on PET
- 1.3 CAS No.
- 7440-44-0
- 1.4 CID
- 5462310
- 1.5 EINECS(EC#)
- 231-153-3
- 1.6 Inchi
- InChI=1S/C
- 1.7 InChkey
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- 1.8 Canonical Smiles
- [C]
- 1.9 Isomers Smiles
- [C]
2. Properties
- 2.1 Density
- 1.8
- 2.1 Melting point
- 3500℃
- 2.1 Boiling point
- 4200 deg C
- 2.1 Refractive index
- Index of refraction = 2.1500
- 2.1 Flash Point
- >230 °F
- 2.1 PSA
- 0.00000
- 2.1 logP
- 0.00000
- 2.1 Solubility
- Insoluble.
- 2.2 Appearance
- rod
- 2.3 Storage
- Ambient temperatures.
- 2.4 Autoignition Temperature
- 600-750 °F
- 2.5 Chemical Properties
- Carbon, C, is a nonmetallic element, grey solid. It is found in nature as graphite (specific gravity2.25), diamond(specific gravity 3.51), and coal (specific gravity 1.88). Carbon is found in all living things, is insoluble in common solvents,and forms an almost infinite numberof organic compounds. Anaturally occurring radioactive isotope,14C, has a half-life of 5780 years and is used in archaeo logical investigations to date artifacts and ancient documents. Other uses of carbon depend on its form. For example, diamonds for jewels and abrasives,graphite for lubricants, activated carbon to absorb color and gases, and wood carbon for fuel are some common examples.
- 2.6 Color/Form
- Fine black powder
Black solid
- 2.7 Heat of Combustion
- 14,100 btu/lb= 7,830 cal/g= 3.28x10+5 J/kg
- 2.8 Odor
- Odorless
- 2.9 PH
- Surface oxidation, which is an inherent feature of activated carbon production, results in hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxylic groups that impart an amphoteric character to the carbon so that it can be either acidic or basic.
- 2.10 Water Solubility
- INSOL IN ALL SOLVENTS
Insoluble in water
- 2.11 Stability
- Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Combustible. Highly flammable in powdered form.
- 2.12 StorageTemp
- Flammables area
3. Use and Manufacturing
- 3.1 Agricultural Uses
- Carbon (C) is found in every living being as it forms themajor constituent of living cells. As an essential elementfor plants and animals, carbon is derived fromatmospheric carbon dioxide assimilated by plants andphotoautotrophic microbes during photosynthesis.Carbon occurs in nature both in an elemental form and ascompounds. For example, coal contains elementalcarbon which, upon heating in the absence of air, losesthe volatile substances, and gives coke. Both coal andcoke are amorphous (non-crystalline) forms of carbon.The two crystalline forms of carbon are diamond andgraphite. These are called the two allotropes of carbon.Allotropes are two or more forms of an element that existin different physical forms, and differ in the bonding ormolecular structure of their fundamental units. Carbon isfound in a combined state in all living organisms, as wellas in fossil fuels such as methane and petroleum. It alsooccurs in large amounts in carbonates such as limestone.Carbon, a non-metallic element, is found at the headof Group 14 (formerly IV) in the Periodic Table. It is unique in the variety and complexity ofcompounds it forms, which is due to the ability of carbonatoms to bond to one another in long chains, rings andcombinations of rings and chains. Carbon in combinationwith H, O, N, S and other elements produces such avariety of compounds, that a separate branch ofchemistry called organic chemistry, came into beingaround carbon compounds.Elemental carbon is a fairly inert substance. It isinsoluble in water, dilute acids and bases, and organicsolvents.Each carbon atom has four valence electrons andthese tend to share with other atoms in the formation offour covalent bonds. Carbon forms two oxides - carbonmonoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2)-which areformed when carbon or carbon-containing compoundsare burned in insufficient or inexcess air, respectively.The free element has many uses, ranging fromornamental applications as diamond in jewelry to theblack-colored pigment of carbon black in automobiletires and printing inks. Graphite, another form of carbon,is used for high temperature crucibles, arc lights, dry-cellelectrodes, lead pencils and as a lubricant.Charcoal, an amorphous form of carbon, is used asan absorbent for gases and as a decolorizing agent in itsactivated form.
- 3.2 Definition
- The crystalline allotropic form of carbon.
- 3.3 General Description
- Black grains that have been treated to improve absorptive ability. May heat spontaneously if not properly cooled after manufacture.
- 3.4 Purification Methods
- Charcoal (50g) is added to 1L of 6M HCl and boiled for 45minutes. The supernatant is discarded, and the charcoal is boiled with two more lots of HCl, then with distilled water until the supernatant no longer gives a test for chloride ion. The charcoal (now phosphate-free) is filtered onto a sintered-glass funnel and air dried at 120o for 24hours. [Lippin et al. J Am Chem Soc 76 2871 1954.] The purification can be carried out using a Soxhlet extractor (without cartridge), allowing longer extraction times. Treatment with conc H2SO4 instead of HCl has been used to remove reducing substances.
- 3.5 Shipping
- UN1362 Carbon, activated, Hazard Class: 4.2;Labels: 4.2-Spontaneously combustible material, International.
- 3.6 Waste Disposal
- Do not incinerate. Carbon(graphite) fibers are difficult to dispose of by incineration.Waste fibers should be packaged and disposed of in a land fill authorized for the disposal of special wastes of thisnature, or as otherwise may be required by law. Carbon Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials
4. Safety and Handling
- 4.1 Symbol
- GHS02
- 4.1 Hazard Codes
- Xi;
- 4.1 Signal Word
- Warning
- 4.1 Risk Statements
- R36/37/38
- 4.1 Safety Statements
- S24/25;S22
- 4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations
- Carbon black, channel process is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
- 4.2 Packing Group
- III
- 4.2 Fire Hazard
- Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
- 4.3 Other Preventative Measures
- SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
... SUBSTITUTION OF LESS IRRITATING SUBSTANCES ... REDESIGN OF OPERATIONS ... PREVENT CONTACT, PROVISION OF A PHYSICAL BARRIER AGAINST CONTACT, PROPER WASHING FACILITIES, WORK CLOTHING AND STORAGE FACILITIES, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, AND BARRIER CREAMS. MEDICAL CONTROL ...
The employer shall ensure that respirators are adequately maintained, and stored in a dust free condition and that employees are instructed and drilled at least annually in the proper use, fit, and testing for leakage of respirators assigned to them. ... The employer shall ensure that, at the conclusion of the workshift, all clothing is removed only in change rooms. ... And that contaminated protective clothing that is to be cleaned, laundered, or disposed of is placed in a closed container in the change room.
The employer shall ensure that each employee ... /exposed/ to carbon black is informed of the hazards and relevant symptoms of exposure to carbon black. Workers shall be advised that exposure to carbon black may cause transient or permanent lung damage or skin irritation, and that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in preparation pose a carcinogenic risk.
Eating, preparing, storing, or the dispensing of food (including vending machines) shall be prohibited in all work areas where exposures to carbon black may occur. Smoking shall be prohibited in all the work areas where there is occupational exposure to carbon black. Employees who handle carbon black or who work in an area where they are exposed to carbon black shall be instructed to wash their hands with soap or skin cleaners and water before using toilet facilities, drinking, eating, or smoking and to shower or bathe using soap or other skin cleansers at the end of each workshift before leaving the work premises. The employer shall provide change rooms equipped with shower facilities, and separate storage facilities for street clothes and for protective clothing and equipment. The change rooms shall be in a nonexposure area.
The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift, and prior to eating, drinking, smoking, etc.
Clothing which is contaminated with carbon black should be removed immediately and placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of carbon black from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or cleaned, the person performing the operation should be informed of carbon black's hazardous properties. Reusable clothing and equipment should be checked for residual contamination before reuse or storage.
Workers who handle carbon black should wash their faces, hands, and forearms thoroughly with soap and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away Keep material out of water sources and sewers Build dikes to contain flow as necessary Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard Use water spray to knock-down vapors
Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a POTW is acceptable only after review by the governing authority. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must meet Hazardous Material Criteria for disposal.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... Clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Principles that apply to chem or biochem lab also apply to microbiological & cell-culture labs ... Special consideration should be given to route of admin. ... Safest method of administering volatile carcinogen is by injection of a soln. Admin by topical application, gavage, or intratracheal instillation should be performed under hood. If chem will be exhaled, animals should be kept under hood during this period. Inhalation exposure requires special equipment. ... Unless specifically required, routes of admin other than in the diet should be used. Mixing of carcinogen in diet should be carried out in sealed mixers under fume hood, from which the exhaust is fitted with an efficient particulate filter. Techniques for cleaning mixer & hood should be devised before expt begun. When mixing diets, special protective clothing &, possibly, respirators may be required. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When ... admin in diet or applied to skin, animals should be kept in cages with solid bottoms & sides & fitted with a filter top. When volatile carcinogens are given, filter tops should not be used. Cages which have been used to house animals that received carcinogens should be decontaminated. Cage-cleaning facilities should be installed in area in which carcinogens are being used, to avoid moving of ... contaminated /cages/. It is difficult to ensure that cages are decontaminated, & monitoring methods are necessary. Situations may exist in which the use of disposable cages should be recommended, depending on type & amt of carcinogen & efficiency with which it can be removed. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": To eliminate risk that ... contamination in lab could build up during conduct of expt, periodic checks should be carried out on lab atmospheres, surfaces, such as walls, floors & benches, & ... interior of fume hoods & airducts. As well as regular monitoring, check must be carried out after cleaning-up of spillage. Sensitive methods are required when testing lab atmospheres. ... Methods ... should ... where possible, be simple & sensitive. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Rooms in which obvious contamination has occurred, such as spillage, should be decontaminated by lab personnel engaged in expt. Design of expt should ... avoid contamination of permanent equipment. ... Procedures should ensure that maintenance workers are not exposed to carcinogens. ... Particular care should be taken to avoid contamination of drains or ventilation ducts. In cleaning labs, procedures should be used which do not produce aerosols or dispersal of dust, ie, wet mop or vacuum cleaner equipped with high-efficiency particulate filter on exhaust, which are avail commercially, should be used. Sweeping, brushing & use of dry dusters or mops should be prohibited. Grossly contaminated cleaning materials should not be re-used ... If gowns or towels are contaminated, they should not be sent to laundry, but ... decontaminated or burnt, to avoid any hazard to laundry personnel. /Chemical Carcinogens/
- 4.4 Hazard Class
- 4.2
- 4.4 Hazard Declaration
- H228
- 4.4 Cleanup Methods
- Electroflotation coagulation separation of carbon black from acetylene production wastewater was studied.
If carbon black is spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Carbon black dust may be collected by vacuuming with an appropriate high efficiency filtration system or by using wet methods; it should then be placed in an appropriate container. If a vaccum system is used, there should be no sources of ignition in the vicinity of the spill, and flashback prevention devices should be provided.
/SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Land spill - Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.
Environmental considerations: Water spill Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses.
Environmental Considerations: Air spill Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/
- 4.5 DisposalMethods
- SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Small quantities of ... some carcinogens can be destroyed using chem reactions ... but no general rules can be given. ... As a general technique ... treatment with sodium dichromate in strong sulfuric acid can be used. The time necessary for destruction ... is seldom known ... but 1-2 days is generally considered sufficient when freshly prepd reagent is used. ... Carcinogens that are easily oxidizable can be destroyed with milder oxidative agents, such as saturated soln of potassium permanganate in acetone, which appears to be a suitable agent for destruction of hydrazines or of compounds containing isolated carbon-carbon double bonds. Concn or 50% aqueous sodium hypochlorite can also be used as an oxidizing agent. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Carcinogens that are alkylating, arylating or acylating agents per se can be destroyed by reaction with appropriate nucleophiles, such as water, hydroxyl ions, ammonia, thiols & thiosulfate. The reactivity of various alkylating agents varies greatly ... & is also influenced by sol of agent in the reaction medium. To facilitate the complete reaction, it is suggested that the agents be dissolved in ethanol or similar solvents. ... No method should be applied ... until it has been thoroughly tested for its effectiveness & safety on material to be inactivated. For example, in case of destruction of alkylating agents, it is possible to detect residual compounds by reaction with 4(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. /Chemical Carcinogens/
- 4.6 RIDADR
- UN 1325 4.1/PG 3
- 4.6 Fire Fighting Procedures
- If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped Use water in flooding quantities as fog Solid streams of water may spread fire Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water Apply water from as far a distance as possible Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide
- 4.7 FirePotential
- SLIGHT, WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT OR FLAME.
Carbon black can be ignited in the presence of open flames, and burns slowly with production of carbon monoxide.
- 4.8 Caution Statement
- P210
- 4.8 Formulations/Preparations
- DEPENDING ON THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE THERE ARE VARIATIONS IN THE CHEM COMPOSITION OF CARBON BLACK. IT CONTAINS 88-99.5% OF CARBON; 0.3-11% OF OXYGEN; 0.1-1% OF HYDROGEN; UP TO 1% INORG MATERIALS; SMALL AMT OF TARRY MATTER AND TRACES OF SULFUR.
FORMS: POWDER; PELLETS; PASTES. GRADES: (ASTM) /AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING & MATERIALS/ N660, N550, N330, N110, N220, N761, N762, N601, 5300 (CHANNEL), 5301.
Grades: HAF (high abrasion furnace), FEF (fast extrusion furnace), SRF (semireinforcing furnace), HMF (high modules furnace), GPF (general purpose furnace), SAF (super abrasion furnace), ISAF (intermediate abrasion furnace), FF (fine furnace), XCF (electrically conductive furnace), APF (all-purpose furnace), FT (fine thermal), MT (medium thermal), MT-NS-FF (medium thermal, non-staining, free flowing)
- 4.9 Incompatibilities
- Graphite is a strong reducing agent andreacts violently with oxidizers, such as fluorine, chlorinetrifluoride, and potassium peroxide. Forms an explosivemixture with air. May be spontaneously combustible in air.
- 4.10 WGK Germany
- 3
- 4.10 RTECS
- FF5250100
- 4.10 Protective Equipment and Clothing
- The employer shall provide and shall require employees working with carbon black to wear appropriate full body clothing, with elastic cuffs at the wrists and ankles, gloves, and shoes, which are resistant to penetration by carbon black to minimize skin contact with carbon black. ... Chemical safety glasses shall be provided to employees experiencing eye irritation during exposure.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Respirator Recommendations: Up to 17.5 mg/cu m Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Respirator Recommendation APF = 5 Any quarter-mask respirator.
Respirator Recommendations: Up to 35 mg/cu m Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Respirator Recommendation APF = 10 Any particulate respirator equipped with an N95, R95, or P95 filter (including N95, R95, and P95 filtering facepieces) except quarter-mask respirators. The following filters may also be used: N99, R99, P99, N100, R100, P100. APF = 10 Any supplied-air respirator.
Respirator Recommendations: Up to 87.5 mg/cu m Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Respirator Recommendation APF = 25 Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. APF = 25 Any powered air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter.
Respirator Recommendations: Up to 175 mg/cu m Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Respirator Recommendation APF = 50 Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter. APF = 50 Any powered, air-purifying respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece and a high-efficiency particulate filter. APF = 50 Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. APF = 50 Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.
Respirator Recommendations: Up to 1750 mg/cu m Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Respirator Recommendation APF = 1000 Any supplied-air respirator operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.
Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Respirator Recommendation APF = 10,000 Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. APF = 10,000 Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.
Respirator Recommendations: Escape conditions: Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Respirator Recommendation APF = 50 Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter./Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus In presence of polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons: NIOSH.
Respirator Recommendations: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Respirator Recommendation APF = 10,000 Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. APF = 10,000 Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.
Respirator Recommendations: Escape conditions: Assigned Protection Factor (APF)
Respirator Recommendation APF = 50 Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator with an N100, R100, or P100 filter./Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent /should be available./ ... Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory, personnel should ... wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. ... Gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they are not to be worn outside the laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/
- 4.11 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
- Strong oxidizers such as chlorates, bromates, and nitrates.
- 4.12 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
- May cause skin and respiratory irritation.
As superficial foreign bodies, carbon black ... may be slightly irritating mechanically and may cause discoloration of lids and conjunctivae, but they are chemically inert.
- 4.13 Toxicity
- LD50 intravenous in mouse: 440mg/kg
5. MSDS
2.Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Not classified.
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) | No symbol. |
| Signal word | No signal word. |
| Hazard statement(s) | none |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | none |
| Response | none |
| Storage | none |
| Disposal | none |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
none
6. Synthesis Route
7440-44-0Total: 270 Synthesis Route
8. Other Information
- 8.0 Usage
- Carbon, activated, Norit ROW 0.8mm pellets, steam activated is suitable for decolorization, deodorization and purification applications. It is mainly used for gas phase applications such as automotive emission control due to their low pressure drop, high mechanical strength and low dust content. It has high removal efficiency for removing degradation byproducts for drinking water. It also removes foaming causing impurities for the purification of amine and glycol process streams.
- 8.1 Usage
- Decolorizing carbon. High purity grade with high internal surface area, suitable for decolorization, purification and catalyst carrier applications.
- 8.2 Usage
- Glassy carbon rod is used as an electrode material in electrochemistry. It is also employed as an electrode material for the fabrication of sensors. It serves as an ideal material for the vacuum technology. It is also used in casting, smelting of metal, hard alloys and high temperature crucibles.
- 8.3 Usage
- Used in casting, smelting of metal, hard alloys. Glassy carbon is widely used as an electrode material in electrochemistry, for high temperature crucibles and as a part of some prosthetic devices.
- 8.4 Usage
- Used in casting, smelting of metal, hard alloy, powder and glass. Glassy carbon plate is widely used as an electrode material in electrochemistry, for high temperature crucibles and as a part of some prosthetic devices. It also used in solar energy applications. It offers high purity, corrosion resistance, thermal stability and a structure impermeable to both gases and liquids.
- 8.5 Usage
- Used in casting, smelting of metal, hard alloys. Glassy carbon is widely practiced as an electrode material in electrochemistry, as considerably as for high temperature crucibles and as a part of some prosthetic devices.
- 8.6 Usage
- Glassy carbon plate, is used as fuel cell and Due to their specific surface orientation, glassy carbon is employed as an electrode material for the fabrication of sensors. It is also used in mechanical applications such as when used as a structural component of a furnace. It is also used as also used for certain thin film deposition experiments. Chemically modified glasssy electrodes have been employed for the analysis of organic molecules (viz., Paracetamol, aspirin, caffeine, phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, dopamine, L-dopa, epinephrine, nor epinephrine, methyl parathion, ethyl parathion, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, imipramine, trimipramine, desipramine etc.) as well as metal ions (bismuth, antimony etc.)
- 8.7 Usage
- Due to its distinctive property, it is widely used as a electrode material in electrochemistry.
- 8.8 Usage
- Glassy carbon is widely practiced as an electrode material in electrochemistry, as considerably as for high temperature crucibles and as a part of some prosthetic devices.
- 8.9 Usage
- Glassy carbon rod is used as an electrode material in electrochemistry. It used as high temperature crucibles and as a component of some prosthetic devices. Also used as electrical conductor ion-selective membrane.
- 8.10 Usage
- Glassy carbon is widely practiced as an electrode material in electrochemistry, as considerably as for high temperature crucibles and as a part of some prosthetic devices. Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in aqueous solutions is considered to be an inert electrode for hydronium ion reduction.
- 8.11 Usage
- Glassy carbon is widely used as an electrode material in electrochemistry, for high temperature crucibles and as a component of some prosthetic devices.
- 8.12 Usage
- Glassy carbon rod is used as an electrode material in electrochemistry. It is also used as high temperature crucibles. Used as a component of some prosthetic devices. Used electrical conductor ion-selective membrane.
- 8.13 Usage
- Glassy carbon spherical powder is widely used as an electrode material in electrochemistry. It is used to make carbon paste electrodes in electrochemistry.
9. Computational chemical data
- Molecular Weight: 16.04246g/mol
- Molecular Formula: C
- Compound Is Canonicalized: True
- XLogP3-AA: 0.6
- Exact Mass: 12
- Monoisotopic Mass: 12
- Complexity: 0
- Rotatable Bond Count: 0
- Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
- Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
- Topological Polar Surface Area: 0
- Heavy Atom Count: 1
- Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Isotope Atom Count: 0
- Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
- CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
10. Question & Answer
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Perhaps I am too naive, but I am having a hard time visualizing how even 'high-carbon' iron and steel alloys are maybe, at most, about four percent carbon by mass, which still means only one (smaller) atom in 120 or so is carbon rather than iron... How? Is there a diagram that could help me visuali...
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Carbon tetrafluoride, otherwise known as tetrafluoromethane. Surprisingly, it’s not terribly toxic, which isn’t necessarily what you’d expect from a molecule with four fluorine atoms given fluorine’s kind disposition and gentle manner. Fluorine likes carbon. I mean really likes carbon. The fluo...
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Carbon is present in the 4thA group in periodic table. As we know that number of valence electrons in a shell depends upon its oxidation state which in turn depends upon group number. As carbon is in 4A group then as definately contains 4 electrons in the valence shell.
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Benzene C6H6, Cyclohexane C2H12 (for example) and millions of others with one ring. Similar numbers with more than one ring.
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