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Home> Encyclopedia >Organic Acid>Pharmaceutical Intermediates>Plant Growth Regulator
Ethephon structure
Ethephon structure

Ethephon

Iupac Name:2-chloroethylphosphonic acid
CAS No.: 16672-87-0
Molecular Weight:144.494001
Modify Date.: 2022-11-10 22:00
Introduction: 2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (Ethephon) is the most widely used plant growth regulator. Ethephon is often used on wheat, coffee, tobacco, cotton, and rice in order to help the plant's fruit reach maturity more quickly. The toxicity of Ethephon is actually very low, and any Ethephon used on the plant is converted very quickly to ethylene. View more+
1. Names and Identifiers
1.1 Name
Ethephon
1.2 Synonyms

(2-chloroehtyl)phosphonicacid (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonicaci 2-cepa 2-chloraethyl-phosphonsaeure 2-Chloroethanephosphonic acid 2-Chloroethylenephosphonic acid 2-chloroethyl-phoshonic acid 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid 2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid,Ethephon 2-Chloroethylphosphonicaicd Arvest CEP CEPA cepha EINECS 240-718-3 Ethefon Ethel ethephon (ansi,canada) ETHEPHON(BULK g996 gagro MFCD00002142 Phosphonic acid, (2-chloroethyl)- PLUCK Prep

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1.3 CAS No.
16672-87-0
1.4 CID
27982
1.5 EINECS(EC#)
240-718-3
1.6 Molecular Formula
C2H6ClO3P (isomer)
1.7 Inchi
InChI=1S/C2H6ClO3P/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-2H2,(H2,4,5,6)
1.8 InChIkey
UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1.9 Canonical Smiles
C(CCl)P(=O)(O)O
1.10 Isomers Smiles
C(CCl)P(=O)(O)O
2. Properties
2.1 Density
1.568 g/cm3
2.1 Melting point
65-75℃
2.1 Boiling point
333.4 °C at 760 mmHg
2.1 Refractive index
1.479
2.1 Flash Point
155.4 °C
2.1 Precise Quality
143.97400
2.1 PSA
67.34000
2.1 logP
0.40290
2.1 Appearance
white to beige powder
2.2 Chemical Properties
white to beige powder
2.3 Color/Form
NEEDLES FROM BENZENE
WHITE WAXY SOLID
2.4 Decomposition
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride. Reaction to alkaline materials causes evolution of ethylene gas. /Boll Buster/
2.5 pKa
1.88±0.10(Predicted)
2.6 Water Solubility
Very soluble
2.7 Stability
Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions.
2.8 StorageTemp
2-8°C
3. Use and Manufacturing
3.1 Agricultural Uses
Plant growth regulator: Ethephon is a plant growth regulator used to promotefruit ripening, abscission, flower induction, and other responses.It is registered for use on a number of food, feedand nonfood crops (rubber plants, flax), greenhouse nurserystock, and outdoor residential ornamental plants, but is usedprimarily on cotton. Ethephon is applied to plant foliage byeither ground or aerial equipment. It also may be appliedby hand sprayer to certain home garden vegetables and ornamentals.Use practice limitations include prohibitionsagainst applying ethephon through any type of irrigation system;feeding or grazing livestock in treated areas; and treatingwithin 2 to 60 days of harvest, depending on the crop.
3.2 Definition
ChEBI: A phosphonic acid compound having a 2-chloroethyl substituent attached to the P-atom.
3.3 Environmental Fate
Soil. Degrades rapidly in soil to phosphoric acid, ethylene and chloride ions (Hartleyand Kidd, 1987) and naturally occurring substances (Humburg et al., 1989).Chemical/Physical. In an aqueous solution at pH 3.5, ethepon begins to hydrolyze,releasing ethylene (Windholz et al., 1983).
3.4 Potential Exposure
Ethephon is an organophosphonateplant growth regulator used to promote fruit ripening,abscission, flower induction, and other responses. It is registered for use on a number of food, animal feed and nonfoodcrops (rubber plants, flax), greenhouse nursery stock, andoutdoor residential ornamental plants, but is used primarilyon cotton. Ethephon is applied to plant foliage by eitherground or aerial equipment. It also may be applied by handsprayer to certain home garden vegetables and ornamentals.Use practice limitations include prohibitions against applying ethephon through any type of irrigation system; feedingor grazing livestock in treated areas; and treating within2 to 60 days of harvest, depending on the crop
3.5 Shipping
UN2928 Toxic solids, corrosive, organic, n.o.s.,Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials,8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required
3.6 Usage
2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (Ethephon) is the most widely used plant growth regulator. Ethephon is often used on wheat, coffee, tobacco, cotton, and rice in order to help the plant's fruit reach maturity more quickly. The toxicity of Ethephon is actually very low, and any Ethephon used on the plant is converted very quickly to ethylene.
3.7 Waste Disposal
Destruction by alkali hydrolysis or incineration. Containers must be disposed of properlyby following package label directions or by contacting yourlocal or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Ethephon Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials
4. Safety and Handling
4.1 Symbol
GHS05, GHS06, GHS09
4.1 Hazard Codes
C
4.1 Signal Word
Danger
4.1 Risk Statements
R20/21;R34;R52/53
4.1 Safety Statements
S26;S28;S36/37/39;S45;S61
4.1 Packing Group
II
4.1 Other Preventative Measures
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
4.2 Hazard Class
6.1
4.2 Hazard Declaration
H302 + H332-H311-H314-H411
4.2 DisposalMethods
Recommendable methods: Incineration. Peer-review: Large amt should be incinerated in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))
4.3 RIDADR
UN 3261
4.3 FirePotential
NONFLAMMABLE
4.4 Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mddly toxic by skin contact. A plant growth regulator. Caution: Spray formulations are quite acidic, about pH 1 .O. May be irritating to exposed skin and eyes, or if inhaled. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cland POx.
4.5 Caution Statement
P261-P273-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338
4.5 Formulations/Preparations
Ethrel soluble concentrate (240 or 480 g ai/l); Ethrel C ... ; Cerone, Prep, soluble concentrate (480 g/l); Florel, (40 g/l). Mixtures include: Terpal ... soluble concentrate (ethephon + mepiquat chloride).
4.6 Incompatibilities
Hygroscopic. Aqueous solutions arehighly acidic. May cause corrosion if metals, especiallywhen moisture is present. Contact with flammable materialmay cause fire and explosions. Contact with combustible oroxidizable materials may form heat-, shock-, and frictionsensitive explosive mixtures. Static electricity may alsocause explosions. Keep away from all acids, especiallydibasic organic acids, ammonium compounds, antimonysulfide, arsenic trioxide, metal sulfides, powdered metals,calcium aluminum hydride, cyanides, manganese dioxide,phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, thiocyanates, and zinc.
4.7 WGK Germany
2
4.7 RTECS
SZ7100000
4.7 Protective Equipment and Clothing
MAY BE IRRITATING TO EXPOSED SKIN & EYES, OR IF INHALED.
4.8 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
Incompatible with alkaline materials and with solutions containing metal ions, eg iron, zinc, copper, and manganese-containing fungicides.
4.9 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
MAY BE IRRITATING TO EXPOSED SKIN & EYES, OR IF INHALED.
4.10 Safety

Safety Information about?Ethephon (CAS NO.16672-87-0):
Hazard Codes:?CorrosiveC
Risk Statements: 20/21-34-52/53?
R20/21: Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin.?
R52/53: Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.?
R34: Causes burns.
Safety Statements: 26-28-36/37/39-45-61
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.?
S28: After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds.?
S36/37/39: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.?
S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)?
S61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.
RIDADR: UN 2928 6.1/PG 2
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: SZ7100000
HazardClass: 6.1
PackingGroup: II

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4.11 Sensitive
Hygroscopic
4.12 Specification

General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear.
Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam.?
Handling: Do not breathe dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Use only in a chemical fume hood.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a tightly closed container. Keep under a nitrogen blanket.

4.13 Toxicity

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
guinea pig LD50 oral 4200mg/kg (4200mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)

BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 48(8), Pg. 79, 1983.
mammal (species unspecified) LD50 unreported 4200mg/kg (4200mg/kg) ? "Chemistry of Pesticides," Melnikov, N.N., New York, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1971Vol. -, Pg. 384, 1971.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal > 1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg) ? Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Vol. 39, Pg. 380, 1991.
mouse LD50 oral 2850mg/kg (2850mg/kg) ? Pharmazie. Vol. 32, Pg. 181, 1977.
quail LD50 oral 1072mg/kg (1072mg/kg) ? Pesticide Manual. Vol. 9, Pg. 341, 1991.
rabbit LD50 oral 5gm/kg (5000mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)

BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 48(8), Pg. 79, 1983.
rabbit LD50 skin 5730mg/kg (5730mg/kg) ? "Wirksubstanzen der Pflanzenschutz und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel," Perkow, W., Berlin, Verlag Paul Parey, 1971-1976Vol. -, Pg. -, 1971/1976.
rat LC50 inhalation 90mg/m3/4H (90mg/m3) ? "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 1120, 1986.
rat LD50 oral 3400mg/kg (3400mg/kg) ? Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi i Klinicheskoi Meditsiny. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. Vol. 20, Pg. 274, 1980.

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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

Acute toxicity - Dermal, Category 3

Skin corrosion, Category 1C

Acute toxicity - Inhalation, Category 4

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 2

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word

Danger

Hazard statement(s)

H302 Harmful if swallowed

H311 Toxic in contact with skin

H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage

H332 Harmful if inhaled

H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention

P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.

P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P273 Avoid release to the environment.

Response

P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell.

P330 Rinse mouth.

P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/...

P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell.

P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label).

P361+P364 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

P301+P330+P331 IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.

P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower].

P363 Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026

P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P391 Collect spillage.

Storage

P405 Store locked up.

Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

9. Other Information
9.0 Trade name
AMCHEM? 68-250; ARVEST?; BASE? 250; BOLL’D?; BROMEFLOR?; BROMOFLOR?; CAMPOSAN?; CEPHA?; CEPHA? 10LS; CERONE?; CHIPCO? FLOREL PRO; ETHEPON?; ETHEL?; ETHEVERSE?; ETHREL?; FINISH?; FLORDIMEX?; FLOREL?; G-996?; KAMPOSAN?; PREP?; ROLLFRUCT?; TERPAL? (with mepiquat chloride); T-EXTRA?; TOMATHREL?
9.1 Merck
14,3732
9.2 BRN
1751208
9.3 Chemical Properties
white to beige powder
9.4 Chemical Properties
Ethephon is a white to tan powder. Commercial product is a white, waxy solid. Commercial products may be available as aqueous solutions or soluble concentrates.
9.5 Uses
2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (Ethephon) is the most widely used plant growth regulator. Ethephon is often used on wheat, coffee, tobacco, cotton, and rice in order to help the plant's fruit reach mat urity more quickly. The toxicity of Ethephon is actually very low, and any Ethephon used on the plant is converted very quickly to ethylene.
9.6 Definition
ChEBI: A phosphonic acid compound having a 2-chloroethyl substituent attached to the P-atom.
9.7 Uses
Plant growth regulator.
9.8 Uses
Accelerates the preharvest ripening of fruits and vegetables.
9.9 Agricultural Uses
Plant growth regulator: Ethephon is a plant growth regulator used to promote fruit ripening, abscission, flower induction, and other responses. It is registered for use on a number of food, feed and nonfood crops (rubber plants, flax), greenhouse nursery stock, and outdoor residential ornamental plants, but is used primarily on cotton. Ethephon is applied to plant foliage by either ground or aerial equipment. It also may be applied by hand sprayer to certain home garden vegetables and ornamentals. Use practice limitations include prohibitions against applying ethephon through any type of irrigation system; feeding or grazing livestock in treated areas; and treating within 2 to 60 days of harvest, depending on the crop.
9.10 Trade name
AMCHEM® 68-250; ARVEST®; BASE® 250; BOLL’D®; BROMEFLOR®; BROMOFLOR®; CAMPOSAN®; CEPHA®; CEPHA® 10LS; CERONE®; CHIPCO® FLOREL PRO; ETHEPON®; ETHEL®; ETHEVERSE®; ETHREL®; FINISH®; FLORDIMEX®; FLOREL®; G-996®; KAMPOSAN®; PREP®; ROLLFRUCT®; TERPAL® (with mepiquat chloride); T-EXTRA®; TOMATHREL®
9.11 Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mddly toxic by skin contact. A plant growth regulator. Caution: Spray formulations are quite acidic, about pH 1 .O. May be irritating to exposed skin and eyes, or if inhaled. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl and POx.
9.12 Potential Exposure
Ethephon is an organophosphonate plant growth regulator used to promote fruit ripening, abscission, flower induction, and other responses. It is registered for use on a number of food, animal feed and nonfood crops (rubber plants, flax), greenhouse nursery stock, and outdoor residential ornamental plants, but is used primarily on cotton. Ethephon is applied to plant foliage by either ground or aerial equipment. It also may be applied by hand sprayer to certain home garden vegetables and ornamentals. Use practice limitations include prohibitions against applying ethephon through any type of irrigation system; feeding or grazing livestock in treated areas; and treating within 2 to 60 days of harvest, depending on the crop
9.13 First aid
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or other inhalation therapy. Cigarette smoking may exacerbate pulmonary injury and should be discouraged for at least 72 hours following exposure
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9.14 Environmental Fate
Soil. Degrades rapidly in soil to phosphoric acid, ethylene and chloride ions (Hartley and Kidd, 1987) and naturally occurring substances (Humburg et al., 1989).
Chemical/Physical. In an aqueous solution at pH 3.5, ethepon begins to hydrolyze, releasing ethylene (Windholz et al., 1983).
9.15 Shipping
UN2928 Toxic solids, corrosive, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required
9.16 Incompatibilities
Hygroscopic. Aqueous solutions are highly acidic. May cause corrosion if metals, especially when moisture is present. Contact with flammable material may cause fire and explosions. Contact with combustible or oxidizable materials may form heat-, shock-, and frictionsensitive explosive mixtures. Static electricity may also cause explosions. Keep away from all acids, especially dibasic organic acids, ammonium compounds, antimony sulfide, arsenic trioxide, metal sulfides, powdered metals, calcium aluminum hydride, cyanides, manganese dioxide, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, thiocyanates, and zinc.
9.17 Waste Disposal
Destruction by alkali hydrolysis or incineration. Containers must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
10. Computational chemical data
  • Molecular Weight: 144.494001g/mol
  • Molecular Formula: C2H6ClO3P
  • Compound Is Canonicalized: True
  • XLogP3-AA: -1
  • Exact Mass: 143.9743087
  • Monoisotopic Mass: 143.9743087
  • Complexity: 86.9
  • Rotatable Bond Count: 2
  • Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
  • Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
  • Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5
  • Heavy Atom Count: 7
  • Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
  • Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
  • Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
  • Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
  • Isotope Atom Count: 0
  • Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
  • CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcYBAMAIEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAoACCAAAAOIAEAAAAAAABAAQAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
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