Ethyl acrylate 140-88-5 wiki

1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name: Ethyl acrylate
1.2 Synonyms: 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid,ethyl ester 5-Cyano-1-(3-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid,ethyl ester Acrylate d'ethyle acrylated’ethyle acrylated’ethyle(french) Acrylic Acid Ethyl Ester Acrylic acid, ethyl ester (inhibited) Akrylanem etylu akrylanemetylu Carboset 511 carboset511 CH2=CH2CO2Et CH2=CH-COOEt EINECS 205-438-8 ethyl 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate ethyl 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-4-pyrazolecarboxylate ethyl ester 2-Propenoic acid ethyl propenoate methyl vinyl ketone MFCD00009188

1.3 CAS No.: 140-88-5

1.4 CID: 8821

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 205-438-8

1.6 Molecular Formula: C5H8O2 (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/C5H8O2/c1-3-5(6)7-4-2/h3H,1,4H2,2H3

1.8 InChkey: JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: CCOC(=O)C=C

1.10 Isomers Smiles: CCOC(=O)C=C

2. Properties

3.1 Density: 0.92

3.1 Melting point: -71℃

3.1 Boiling point: 99℃

3.1 Refractive index: 1.405-1.407

3.1 Flash Point: 16℃

3.1 Vapour pressure: 0.301mmHg at 25°C

3.1 Precise Quality: 100.05200

3.1 PSA: 26.30000

3.1 logP: 0.73550

3.1 Solubility: 20g/l

3.2 VaporDensity: 3.5 (vs air)

3.3 Appearance: colourless liquid

3.4 Atmospheric OH Rate Constant: 1.60e-11 cm3/molecule*sec

3.5 Storage: Keep Cold.

3.6 Autoignition Temperature: 721 °F (USCG, 1999)

3.7 Chemical Properties: Ethyl acrylate is a colorless liquid. Sharp,acrid odor. The Odor Threshold is 0.000240.0009 ppm

3.8 Color/Form: Colorless liquid
Clear liquid

3.9 Decomposition: When heated to decomp it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

3.10 Heat of Combustion: 655.49 kcal/mol

3.11 Heat of Vaporization: 8.27 kcal/mol

3.12 Ionization Potential: 10.30 eV

3.13 Odor: Acrid penetrating odor

3.14 Odor Threshold: 1 ppb (4 ug/cu m)

3.15 Water Solubility: 1.5 g/100 mL (25 oC)

3.16 Spectral Properties: Index of refraction: 1.4068 at 20 deg C/D
MAX ABSORPTION (ALCOHOL): 208 NM (LOG E= 3.84)
Sadtler Ref Number: 29702 (IR, grating)
Ethyl Acrylate, 99%, exhibits its two strongest infra red absorption bands at wavelengths of 5.8 and 8.3 microns.
IR: 4305 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)
1H NMR: 7951 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
MASS: 19846 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass SPectral Database, 1990 versoin); 1265 (Atlas of Mass Spectral Data, John Wiley & Sons, New York)

3.17 Stability: Stable, but may polymerize upon exposure to light. Highly flammable. Keep cool. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, peroxides and other polymerization initiators.

3.18 StorageTemp: 2-8°C

3.19 Surface Tension: 0.025 DYNES/CM= 0.025 N/M @ 20 °C

3. Use and Manufacturing

4.1 Chemical Reactivity: Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: May occur; exclude moisture, light; avoid exposure to high temperatures; store in presence of air; Inhibitor of Polymerization: 13-17 ppm monomethyl ether of hydroquinone.

4.2 Environmental Fate: Chemical/Physical. Polymerizes on standing and is catalyzed by heat, light, and peroxides(Windholz et al., 1983). Slowly hydrolyzes in water forming ethanol and acrylic acid. Thereported rate constant for the reaction of ethyl acrylate with ozone in the gas phase was determinedto be 5.70 x 10-18 cm3 mol/sec (Munshi et al., 1989).At an influent concentration of 1,015 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluentconcentration of 226 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 157 mg/g carbon (Guisti etal., 1974).

4.3 Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization may occur. Polymerization may be caused by elevated temperature, oxidizers, peroxides ... Uninhibited monomer vapor may form polymer in vents and other confined spaces. /Ethyl acrylate, inhibited/

4.4 Potential Exposure: This material is used in emulsion polymers for paints, textiles, adhesives, coatings and binders; asa monomer in the manufacture of homopolymer and copolymer resins for the production of paints and plastic films

4.5 Purification Methods: Wash the ester repeatedly with aqueous NaOH until free from inhibitors such as hydroquinone, then wash it with saturated aqueous CaCl2 and distil it under reduced pressure. Hydroquinone should be added if the ethyl acrylate is to be stored for extended periods. [Beilstein 2 IV 1460.] LACHRYMATORY.

4.6 Shipping: UN1917 Ethyl acrylate, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:3-Flammable liquid

4.7 Usage: A monomer widely used in the production of polymers and copolymers for manufacturing textiles, latex paints, paper coatings, dirt release agents, and specialty plastics

4.8 Waste Disposal: Incineration or by absorption and landfill disposal Ethyl acrylate Preparation Products And Raw materials Preparation Products

4. Safety and Handling

5.1 Symbol: GHS02, GHS06

5.1 Hazard Codes: F

5.1 Signal Word: Danger

5.1 Risk Statements: R11;R20/21/22;R36/37/38;R43

5.1 Safety Statements: S16;S33;S36/37;S9

5.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations: Ethyl acrylate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption in accordance with the following conditions: a) they are used in the minimum quantity required to produce their intended effect, and otherwise in accordance with all the principles of good manufacturing practice, and b) they consist of one or more of the following, used alone or in combination with flavoring substances and adjuvants generally recognized as safe in food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or regulated by an appropriate section in this part.
Homopolymers and copolymers of ethyl acrylate are an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

5.2 Packing Group: II

5.2 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: log Kow = 1.32

5.3 Other Preventative Measures: SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.
Clothing contaminated with liquid ethyl acrylate should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of ethyl acrylate from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the ethyl acrylate, the person performing the operation should be informed of ethyl acrylate's hazardous properties. Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with liquid ethyl acrylate should be removed immediately and not reworn until the ethyl acrylate is removed from the clothing.
Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employee's body to liquid ethyl acrylate, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use.
Skin that becomes contaminated with liquid ethyl acrylate should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any ethyl acrylate.
Remove all ignition sources. Do not allow to enter confined spaces.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide addnl protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synth & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Vertical laminar-flow biological safety cabinets may be used for containment of in vitro procedures ... provided that the exhaust air flow is sufficient to provide an inward air flow at the face opening of the cabinet, & contaminated air plenums that are under positive pressure are leak-tight. Horizontal laminar-flow hoods or safety cabinets, where filtered air is blown across the working area towards the operator, should never be used ... Each cabinet or fume cupboard to be used ... should be tested before work is begun (eg, with fume bomb) & label fixed to it, giving date of test & avg air-flow measured. This test should be repeated periodically & after any structural changes. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Principles that apply to chem or biochem lab also apply to microbiological & cell-culture labs ... Special consideration should be given to route of admin. ... Safest method of administering volatile carcinogen is by injection of a soln. Admin by topical application, gavage, or intratracheal instillation should be performed under hood. If chem will be exhaled, animals should be kept under hood during this period. Inhalation exposure requires special equipment. ... unless specifically required, routes of admin other than in the diet should be used. Mixing of carcinogen in diet should be carried out in sealed mixers under fume hood, from which the exhaust is fitted with an efficient particulate filter. Techniques for cleaning mixer & hood should be devised before expt begun. When mixing diets, special protective clothing &, possibly, respirators may be required. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When ... admin in diet or applied to skin, animals should be kept in cages with solid bottoms & sides & fitted with a filter top. When volatile carcinogens are given, filter tops should not be used. Cages which have been used to house animals that received carcinogens should be decontaminated. Cage-cleaning facilities should be installed in area in which carcinogens are being used, to avoid moving of ... contaminated /cages/. It is difficult to ensure that cages are decontaminated, & monitoring methods are necessary. Situations may exist in which the use of disposable cages should be recommended, depending on type & amt of carcinogen & efficiency with which it can be removed. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": To eliminate risk that ... contamination in lab could build up during conduct of expt, periodic checks should be carried out on lab atmospheres, surfaces, such as walls, floors & benches, & ... interior of fume hoods & airducts. As well as regular monitoring, check must be carried out after cleaning-up of spillage. Sensitive methods are required when testing lab atmospheres. ... Methods ... should ... where possible, be simple & sensitive. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Rooms in which obvious contamination has occurred, such as spillage, should be decontaminated by lab personnel engaged in expt. Design of expt should ... avoid contamination of permanent equipment. ... Procedures should ensure that maintenance workers are not exposed to carcinogens. ... Particular care should be taken to avoid contamination of drains or ventilation ducts. In cleaning labs, procedures should be used which do not produce aerosols or dispersal of dust, ie, wet mop or vacuum cleaner equipped with high-efficiency particulate filter on exhaust, which are avail commercially, should be used. Sweeping, brushing & use of dry dusters or mops should be prohibited. Grossly contaminated cleaning materials should not be re-used ... If gowns or towels are contaminated, they should not be sent to laundry, but ... decontaminated or burnt, to avoid any hazard to laundry personnel. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Doors leading into areas where carcinogens are used ... should be marked distinctively with appropriate labels. Access ... limited to persons involved in expt. ... A prominently displayed notice should give the name of the Scientific Investigator or other person who can advise in an emergency & who can inform others (such as firemen) on the handling of carcinogenic substances. /Chemical Carcinogens/
In material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak of without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to disperse vapors and dilute standing pools of liquid. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Avoid bodily contact with the material. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
Inhalation of ethyl acrylate dust should be avoided.
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard (i.e., for liquids with a flash point

5.4 Hazard Class: 3

5.4 Hazard Declaration: H225-H302 + H312-H315-H317-H319-H331-H335-H412

5.4 Cleanup Methods: SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.
1. Remove all ignition sources. 2. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels. Evaporate in safe place (such a fume hood). Allow sufficient time for evaporating vapors to completely clear hood ductwork. Burn paper in a suitable location away from combustible material. Large quantities can be collected and atomized in a suitable combustion chamber. Ethyl acrylate should not be allowed to enter a confined space, such as sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

5.5 DisposalMethods: Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U113, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
A good candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 deg C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Also, a good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. Also, a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 deg C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.
Ethyl Acrylate is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. /From table/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Incineration may be only feasible method for disposal of contaminated laboratory waste from biological expt. However, not all incinerators are suitable for this purpose. The most efficient type ... is probably the gas-fired type, in which a first-stage combustion with a less than stoichiometric air:fuel ratio is followed by a second stage with excess air. Some ... are designed to accept ... aqueous & organic-solvent solutions, otherwise it is necessary ... to absorb soln onto suitable combustible material, such as sawdust. Alternatively, chem destruction may be used, esp when small quantities ... are to be destroyed in laboratory. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": HEPA (high-efficiency particulate arrestor) filters ... can be disposed of by incineration. For spent charcoal filters, the adsorbed material can be stripped off at high temp & carcinogenic wastes generated by this treatment conducted to & burned in an incinerator. ... LIQUID WASTE: ... Disposal should be carried out by incineration at temp that ... ensure complete combustion. SOLID WASTE: Carcasses of lab animals, cage litter & misc solid wastes ... should be disposed of by incineration at temp high enough to ensure destruction of chem carcinogens or their metabolites. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Small quantities of ... some carcinogens can be destroyed using chem reactions ... but no general rules can be given. ... As a general technique ... treatment with sodium dichromate in strong sulfuric acid can be used. The time necessary for destruction ... is seldom known ... but 1-2 days is generally considered sufficient when freshly prepd reagent is used. ... Carcinogens that are easily oxidizable can be destroyed with milder oxidative agents, such as saturated soln of potassium permanganate in acetone, which appears to be a suitable agent for destruction of hydrazines or of compounds containing isolated carbon-carbon double bonds. Concn or 50% aqueous sodium hypochlorite can also be used as an oxidizing agent. /Chemical Carcinogens/
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Carcinogens that are alkylating, arylating or acylating agents per se can be destroyed by reaction with appropriate nucleophiles, such as water, hydroxyl ions, ammonia, thiols & thiosulfate. The reactivity of various alkylating agents varies greatly ... & is also influenced by sol of agent in the reaction medium. To facilitate the complete reaction, it is suggested that the agents be dissolved in ethanol or similar solvents. ... No method should be applied ... until it has been thoroughly tested for its effectiveness & safety on material to be inactivated. For example, in case of destruction of alkylating agents, it is possible to detect residual compounds by reaction with 4(4-nitrobenzyl)-pyridine. /Chemical Carcinogens/
The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for ethyl acrylate: Biological treatment.
Disposal: Dilute with a suitable solvent and incinerate in a furnace where permitted under appropriate national and local regulations. Water solutions containing no more than 10 ppm of ethyl acrylate have been degraded in acclimated biological systems; an 80 ppm concentration can be toxic to biological systems.

5.6 DOT Emergency Guidelines: /GUIDE 129P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
/GUIDE 129P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
/GUIDE 129P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
/GUIDE 129P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
/GUIDE 129P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Evacuation: Large spill: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
/GUIDE 129P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire: Caution: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane or nitroethane. Large fires: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
/GUIDE 129P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor; but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
/GUIDE 129P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. Keep victim warm and quiet. In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water. Do not remove clothing if adhering to skin. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/

5.7 RIDADR: UN 1917

5.7 Fire Fighting Procedures: Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Use fine spray or fog to control fire by preventing its spread and absorbing some of its heat. Solid streams of water may be ineffective or may cause frothing. Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide. Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance. /Ethyl acrylate, inhibited/
If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid stream of water may spread fire. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/
Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus.
Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame, consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius. /Ethyl acrylate, stabilized/

5.8 FirePotential: Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

5.9 Safety Profile: Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Poison by ingestion and inhalation. Moderately toxic by skin contact and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: eye, olfactory, and pulmonary changes. A skin and eye irritant. Characterized in its terminal stages by dyspnea, cyanosis, and convulsive movements. It caused severe local irritation of the gastroenteric tract; and toxic degenerative changes of cardiac, hepatic, renal, and splenic tissues were observed. It gave no evidence of cumulative effects. When applied to the intact skin of rabbits, the ethyl ester caused marked local irritation, erythema, edema, thickening, and vascular damage. Animals subjected to a fairly high concentration of these esters suffered irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth as well as lethargy, dpspnea, and convulsive movements. A substance that migrates to food from packagmg materials. Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Violent reaction with chlorosulfonic acid. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, or alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ESTERS.

5.10 Caution Statement: P210-P261-P273-P302 + P352 + P312-P304 + P340 + P312-P403 + P233

5.10 Formulations/Preparations: Water: 0.10% by wt, max; acidity, as acrylic acid: 0.009% by wt, max
Typical properties for commercial grade ethyl acrylate available in US are ... purity 99.0%; acidity (as acrylic acid), 0.0008%; water, 0.03%; inhibitors, 15 or 200 mg/kg (ppm) hydroquinone monomethyl ether or 1000 mg/kg (ppm) hydroquinone.
99.5% by wt (min) inhibited with 15-20 ppm hydroquinone
99.5% by wt (min) inhibited with hydroquinone or monomethyl ether of hydroquinone
Grades: Technical (inhibited, usually with hydroquinone or its monomethyl ether); Pure uninhibited

5.11 Incompatibilities: May form explosive mixture with air.Atmospheric moisture and strong alkalies may cause fireand explosions unless properly inhibited (Note: Inert gasblanket not recommended). Heat, light or peroxides cancause polymerization. Incompatible with oxidizers (may beviolent), peroxides, polymerizers, strong alkalis; moisture,chlorosulfonic acid, strong acids; amines. May accumulatestatic electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors. Polymerizes readily unless an inhibitor, such ashydroquinone is added. Uninhibited vapors may plug ventsby the formation of polymers.

5.12 WGK Germany: 2

5.12 RTECS: AT0700000

5.12 Protective Equipment and Clothing: Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face-shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent any possibility of skin contact with ethyl acrylate. Employees should be provided with and required to use splash-proof goggles where there is any possibility of liquid ethyl acrylate contacting the eyes.
Handling procedures recommend wearing rubber gloves, face shield, and protective clothing. ... For spills and exposures above the TLV, all-purpose canister masks should be available.
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.
Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities should provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.]
Respirator Recommendations: At concentrations above the NIOSH REL, or where there is no REL, at any detectable concentration: Assigned Protection Factor (APF) Respirator Recommendation APF = 10,000 Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. APF = 10,000 Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.
Respirator Recommendations: Escape conditions: Assigned Protection Factor (APF) Respirator Recommendation APF = 50 Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.

5.13 Reactivities and Incompatibilities: Material will react with strong acids and alkalies. /Ethyl acrylate, inhibited/
Oxidizers, peroxides, polymerizers, strong alkalis, moisture, chlorosulfonic acid [Note: Polymerizes readily unless an inhibitor such as hydroquinone is added].
... Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.

5.14 Report: National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No. NTP-TR-259 ,1986. . Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. Community Right-To-Know List.

5.15 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations: The vapor of ethyl acrylate can be very irritating at 4-5 ppm. /From table/
Potential symptoms of overexposure to monomer are irritation of eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
Ethyl acrylate is a strong irritant to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, ... and respiratory system.

5.16 Safety: Hazard Codes of Ethyl acrylate (CAS NO.140-88-5):?F,Xn
Risk Statements: 11-20/21/22-36/37/38-43?
R11:Highly flammable.?
R20/21/22: Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.?
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.?
R43: May cause sensitization by skin contact.
Safety Statements: 9-16-33-36/37?
S9: Keep container in a well-ventilated place.?
S16: Keep away from sources of ignition.?
S33: Take precautionary measures against static discharges.?
S36/37: Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
RIDADR: UN 1917 3/PG 2
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: AT0700000
F: 8
HazardClass: 3
PackingGroup: II

5.17 Specification: Fire Fighting Measures?
General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. Vapors may form an explosive mixture with air. Will burn if involved in a fire. Flammable liquid and vapor. Vapors are heavier than air and may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Vapors can spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas.?
Handling and Storage?
Handling: Use spark-proof tools and explosion proof equipment. Avoid breathing dust, vapor, mist, or gas. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Take precautionary measures against static discharges.?
Storage: Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a dry area. Refrigerator/flammables.?
?

5.18 Toxicity

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
cat	LD	oral	> 800uL/kg (0.8mL/kg)	GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING	National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0521003,
guinea pig	LCLo	inhalation	1204ppm/7H (1204ppm)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: COUGH BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD	Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 31, Pg. 317, 1949.
human	TCLo	inhalation	50ppm (50ppm)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES	"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 75, 1969.
monkey	LC	inhalation	> 75ppm/6H (75ppm)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: DEVIATED NASAL SEPTUM: OLFACTION SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: ULCERATED NASAL SEPTUM: OLFACTION	Toxicologist. Vol. 36(1, Pg. pt2), 113.
mouse	LC50	inhalation	16200mg/m3 (16200mg/m3)	?	Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 23(9), Pg. 55, 1979.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	599mg/kg (599mg/kg)	?	Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 51, Pg. 526, 1972.
mouse	LD50	oral	1799mg/kg (1799mg/kg)	?	Toxicology Letters. Vol. 11, Pg. 125, 1982.
mouse	LD50	skin	2997mg/kg (2997mg/kg)	?	National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0520999,
rabbit	LCLo	inhalation	1204ppm/7H (1204ppm)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA	Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 31, Pg. 317, 1949.
rabbit	LD50	oral	370mg/kg (370mg/kg)	GASTROINTESTINAL: ALTERATION IN GASTRIC SECRETION	National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0521003,
rabbit	LD50	skin	500uL/kg (0.5mL/kg)	LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA LIVER: OTHER CHANGES SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE"	National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0520180,
rat	LC50	inhalation	1414ppm/4H (1414ppm)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA	National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0520180,
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	450mg/kg (450mg/kg)	?	Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. Vol. 36, Pg. 58, 1975.
rat	LD50	oral	800mg/kg (800mg/kg)	?	Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna. Vol. 12, Pg. 405, 1979.
rat	LDLo	skin	1800mg/kg (1800mg/kg)	?	Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. Vol. 32, Pg. 223, 1980.

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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Flammable liquids, Category 2

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

Acute toxicity - Dermal, Category 4

Skin irritation, Category 2

Eye irritation, Category 2

Skin sensitization, Category 1

Acute toxicity - Inhalation, Category 4

Specific target organ toxicity \u2013 single exposure, Category 3

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statement(s)	H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour H302 Harmful if swallowed H312 Harmful in contact with skin H315 Causes skin irritation H319 Causes serious eye irritation H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction H332 Harmful if inhaled H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. P233 Keep container tightly closed. P240 Ground and bond container and receiving equipment. P241 Use explosion-proof [electrical/ventilating/lighting/...] equipment. P242 Use non-sparking tools. P243 Take action to prevent static discharges. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
Response	P303+P361+P353 IF ON SKIN (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower]. P370+P378 In case of fire: Use ... to extinguish. P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/... P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P333+P313 If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
Storage	P403+P235 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P405 Store locked up.
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. NMR Spectrum

13C NMR : in CDCl3

1H NMR : parameter in CDCl3

IR : liquid film

Raman : 4880 A,200 M,liquid

Mass

7. Synthesis Route

140-88-5Total: 71 Synthesis Route

506-68-3 59 Suppliers

140-88-5 222 Suppliers

Literatures:
Chemische Berichte, , vol. 42, p. 2046
Yield: null

623-72-3 9 Suppliers

79-10-7 439 Suppliers

140-88-5 222 Suppliers

Literatures:
WO2003/82795 A2, ; Page/Page column 15-16 ;
Yield: ~48%

539-74-2 75 Suppliers

623-72-3 9 Suppliers

140-88-5 222 Suppliers

Literatures:
Journal of Chemical Research, Miniprint, , # 11 p. 2554 - 2571
Yield: ~69%

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8. Precursor and Product

precursor:

535-11-5

539-74-2

113160-98-8

113160-87-5

12264-05-0

617-27-6

113160-97-7

155201-03-9

113160-80-8

623-72-3

113160-84-2

90425-30-2

20605-01-0

623-47-2

2441-15-8

3674-13-3

34583-56-7

5515-83-3

506-68-3

26378-14-3

15111-56-5

113160-89-7

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product :

623-91-6

53503-49-4

105-37-3

1968-40-7

623-71-2

10029-04-6

3674-13-3

74976-84-4

78647-31-1

72925-15-6

6414-69-3

3518-88-5

4105-92-4

4739-94-0

17435-72-2

539-74-2

3619-64-5

1198-44-3

763-69-9

4660-80-4

52980-28-6

924-73-2

3249-33-0

59292-36-3

5459-35-8

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9. Other Information

9.0 Merck: 14,3759

9.1 BRN: 773866

9.2 职业标准: TLV-TWA 5 PPM; STEL 15 PPM

9.3 Uses: A monomer widely used in the production of polymers and copolymers for manufacturing textiles, latex paints, paper coatings, dirt release agents, and specialty plastics

9.4 Description: Ethyl acrylate is an organic compound with the formula CH₂CHCO₂CH₂CH₃. It is the ethyl ester of acrylic acid. It is a colourless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor. It is mainly produced for paints, textiles, and non-woven fibers . It is also a reagent in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical intermediates.

9.5 Chemical Properties: Ethyl acrylate is a colorless liquid. Sharp, acrid odor. The Odor Threshold is 0.000240.0009 ppm

9.6 Chemical Properties: Ethyl acrylate has a characteristic penetrating and persistent odor. Ethyl acrylate is possibly carcinogenic to humans (IARC, California Proposition 65)

9.7 Physical properties: Clear, colorless liquid with a penetrating and pungent odor. Leonardos et al. (1969) and Nagata and Takeuchi (1990) reported odor threshold concentrations of 0.47 and 0.26 ppb_v, respectively. Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 1.0 μg/m³ (0.24 ppb_v) and 1.5 μg/m³ (0.37 ppb_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).

9.8 Occurrence: Reported found in pineapple, yellow passion fruit and durian (Durio zibethinus).

9.9 Uses: Monomer for acrylic resins.

9.10 Uses: Ethyl acrylate is used in the manufacture ofacrylic resins, acrylic fibers, textile and papercoatings, adhesives, and leather finish resins;and as a flavoring agent.

9.11 Uses: Ethyl Acrylate is a flavoring agent that is a clear, colorless liquid. its odor is fruity, harsh, penetrating, and lachrymatous (causes tears). it is sparingly soluble in water and miscible in alcohol and ether, and is obtained by chemical synthesis.

9.12 Preparation: By esterification of acrylic acid; by heating acetylene with HCl in alcoholic solution in the presence of Ni(CO)4; also from ethyl-3-chloropropionate passed over activated carbon at high temperature.

9.13 Production Methods: Ethyl acrylate is manufactured via oxidation of propylene to acrolein and then to acrylic acid. The acid is treated with ethanol to yield the ethyl ester .
Vinyl chloride reacts at 270 °C at >6895 kPa (68 atm) with ethanol in the presence of a cobalt and palladium catalyst to give ethyl acrylate in a yield of 17% .

9.14 Aroma threshold values: Detection: 0.2 ppb

9.15 General Description: A clear colorless liquid with an acrid odor. Flash point 60°F. May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently. Auto ignition temperature 721°F (383°C) (NTP). Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Used to make paints and plastics.

9.16 Air & Water Reactions: Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

9.17 Reactivity Profile: A flammable liquid, confirmed carcinogen. Ethyl acrylate can react vigorously with oxidizing reagents, peroxides,strong alkalis and polymerization initiators. [NTP] Ethyl acrylate reacts violently with chlorosulfonic acid [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1515]. When an inhibited monomer was placed in a clear glass bottle exposed to sunlight, exothermic polymerization set in and caused the bottle to burst. The use of brown glass or metal containers and increase in inhibitor concentration (to 200 ppm; tenfold) was recommended [MCA Case History No. 1759]. Ethyl acrylate may polymerize when exposed to light and Ethyl acrylate is subject to slow hydrolysis. Inhibitors do not function in the absence of air. Solutions in DMSO are stable for 24 hours under normal lab conditions. [NTP].

9.18 Hazard: Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption; irritant to skin and eyes. Flammable, dangerous fire and explosion hazard. Possible carcinogen.

9.19 Health Hazard: Ethyl acrylate is a strong irritant to the eyes,skin, and mucous membranes. The liquid orits concentrated solutions can produce skinsensitization upon contact. It is toxic by allroutes of exposure. The toxicity is low inrats and mice and moderate in rabbits. Thetoxic effects from inhalation noted in animalswere congestion of lungs and degenerativechanges in the heart, liver, and kidney. Mon key exposed to 272 ppm for 28 days showedlethargy and weight loss; while exposure to1024 ppm caused death to the animals after2.2 days (Treon et al. 1949). By compari son, guinea pigs died of exposure to about1200 ppm for 7 hours. Ingestion of the liq uid may result in irritation of gastrointestinaltracts, nausea, lethargy, and convulsions
The LD50 values varied significantly indifferent species of animals. The oral LD50values in rabbits, rats, and mice are in therange 400, 800, and 1800 mg/kg, respectively. Animals administered ethyl acrylateshowed increased incidence of tumors inforestomach. However, there is no evidenceof carcinogenicity caused by this compoundin humans.

9.20 Chemical Reactivity: Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: May occur; exclude moisture, light; avoid exposure to high temperatures; store in presence of air; Inhibitor of Polymerization: 13-17 ppm monomethyl ether of hydroquinone.

9.21 Safety Profile: Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Poison by ingestion and inhalation. Moderately toxic by skin contact and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: eye, olfactory, and pulmonary changes. A skin and eye irritant. Characterized in its terminal stages by dyspnea, cyanosis, and convulsive movements. It caused severe local irritation of the gastroenteric tract; and toxic degenerative changes of cardiac, hepatic, renal, and splenic tissues were observed. It gave no evidence of cumulative effects. When applied to the intact skin of rabbits, the ethyl ester caused marked local irritation, erythema, edema, thickening, and vascular damage. Animals subjected to a fairly high concentration of these esters suffered irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth as well as lethargy, dpspnea, and convulsive movements. A substance that migrates to food from packagmg materials. Flammable liquid. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Violent reaction with chlorosulfonic acid. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, or alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ESTERS.

9.22 Safety: It is an acute toxin with an LD50 (rats, oral) of 1020 mg / kg and a TLV of 5 ppm. The International Agency for Research on Cancer stated, "Overall evaluation, Ethyl acrylate is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B)." The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states, "Human studies on occupational exposure to ethyl acrylate... have suggested a relationship between exposure to the chemical(s) and colorectal cancer, but the evidence is conflicting and inconclusive. In a study by the National Toxicology Program (NTP), increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of the fore stomach were observed in rats and mice exposed via gavage (experimentally placing the chemical in the stomach). However, the NTP recently determined that these data were not relevant to human carcinogenicity since humans do not have a fore stomach, and removed ethyl acrylate from its list of carcinogens." (Occupational exposure generally involves exposure that occurs regularly, over an extended period of time.)
One favorable safety aspect is that ethyl acrylate has good warning properties; the odor threshold is much lower than any level of health concern. In other words, the bad odor warns people of ethyl acrylate's presence long before the concentration reaches a level capable of creating a serious health risk.

9.23 Usage: Ethyl acrylate is used in the syntheses of various pharmaceutical intermediates, textiles and non-woven fibers. It is widely used in the production of polymers including resins, plastics, rubber and denture material. It is actively involved in the preparation of dimethylaminoethylacrylate (DMAEA) which is used as a monomer to make flocculants for water treatment. It plays a vital role in the manufacture of water-based latex paints and adhesives, textile and paper coatings and leather finish resins.

9.24 Potential Exposure: This material is used in emulsion polymers for paints, textiles, adhesives, coatings and binders; as a monomer in the manufacture of homopolymer and copolymer resins for the production of paints and plastic films

9.25 Carcinogenicity: A retrospective study found an excess of colorectal cancers in one exposed population of workers; however, the data were confounded by other exposures and lack of association of causality and risk in similarly exposed populations from other locations. Therefore, there was inadequate evidence based on the study that ethyl acrylate is a human carcinogen . Ethyl acrylate is listed as USEPA group B2, “Probable human carcinogen”; IARC group B2, “Possibly carcinogenic in humans”; NIOSH, “Carcinogen with no further categorization”; NTP group 2, “Reasonably anticipated to be a carcinogen” and listed as a carcinogen by California Proposition 65 .
Dermal studies of acrylic acid, ethyl acrylate, and n-butyl acrylate using mice did not result in local carcinogenesis, but several mice in the ethyl acrylate-treated group did exhibit dermatitis, dermal fibrosis, epidermal necrosis, and hyperkeratosis .

9.26 Environmental fate: Chemical/Physical. Polymerizes on standing and is catalyzed by heat, light, and peroxides (Windholz et al., 1983). Slowly hydrolyzes in water forming ethanol and acrylic acid. The reported rate constant for the reaction of ethyl acrylate with ozone in the gas phase was determined to be 5.70 x 10^-18 cm³ mol/sec (Munshi et al., 1989).
At an influent concentration of 1,015 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent concentration of 226 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 157 mg/g carbon (Guisti et al., 1974).

9.27 Shipping: UN1917 Ethyl acrylate, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid

9.28 Purification Methods: Wash the ester repeatedly with aqueous NaOH until free from inhibitors such as hydroquinone, then wash it with saturated aqueous CaCl2 and distil it under reduced pressure. Hydroquinone should be added if the ethyl acrylate is to be stored for extended periods. [Beilstein 2 IV 1460.] LACHRYMATORY.

9.29 Toxicity evaluation: The toxic mode of action for ethyl acrylate is unknown. However, the parent compound may play a significant role since pretreatment of rats with a carboxylesterase inhibitor enhances the respiratory irritation and lethality produced by the inhalation of ethyl acrylate. The enhanced toxicity could be a direct effect of methyl acrylate on surrounding tissues and/or a secondary effect due to the increased conjugation of methyl acrylate with glutathione that occurs under these conditions which in turn can result in toxicity due to the depletion of local glutathione stores.

9.30 Incompatibilities: May form explosive mixture with air. Atmospheric moisture and strong alkalies may cause fire and explosions unless properly inhibited (Note: Inert gas blanket not recommended). Heat, light or peroxides can cause polymerization. Incompatible with oxidizers (may be violent), peroxides, polymerizers, strong alkalis; moisture, chlorosulfonic acid, strong acids; amines. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors. Polymerizes readily unless an inhibitor, such as hydroquinone is added. Uninhibited vapors may plug vents by the formation of polymers.

9.31 Waste Disposal: Incineration or by absorption and landfill disposal

10. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 100.11582g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₅H₈O₂
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: null
Exact Mass: 100.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 100.052429494
Complexity: 76.1
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADccBgMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGgAAAAAACACggAICCAAABACIACDSCAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAEAABAAAIAACAAAAAAAAIIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==