Glucagon

Molecular Weight：3482.7473

Modify Date.: 2022-11-12 07:16

Introduction: produced by recombinant DNA technology ismarketed by Novo Nordisk (glucagon [recombinant] hydrochloride,GlucaGen HypoKit, GlucaGen Diagnostic Kit)and by Eli Lilly (glucagon [recombinant] Emergency Kit). View more+

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1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name: Glucagon
1.2 Synonyms: GLUCAGON (1-37) (PORCINE) Glucagon 1-29 GLUCAGON 1-37 GLUCAGON 37 GLUCAGON ACETATE Glucagon Hydrochloride Glucagon(1-29) Human HCl Glucaton H-HIS-SER-GLN-GLY-THR-PHE-THR-SER-ASP-TYR-SER-LYS-TYR-LEU-ASP-SER-ARG-ARG-ALA-GLN-ASP-PHE-VAL-GLN-TRP-LEU-MET-ASN-THR-LYS-ARG-ASN-LYS-ASN-ASN-ILE-ALA-OH His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr His-ser-glu(nh2)-gly-thr-phe-thr-ser-asp-tyr-ser-lys-tyr-leu-asp-ser-arg-arg-ala-glu(NH2)-asp-phe-val-glu(NH2)-trp-leu-met-asp(NH2)-thr HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNKNNIA L-Histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L -glutaminyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine L-Histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-seryl-N-(diaminomethylidene)-L-ornithyl-N-(diaminomethylidene)-L-ornithyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine L-Threonine, L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-argin yl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl- L-Threonine, L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl- L-threonine, L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-seryl-N-(diaminomethylene)-L-ornithyl-N-(diaminomethylene)-L-ornithyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl- OXYNTOMODULIN (PORCINE)

1.3 CAS No.: 16941-32-5

1.4 CID: 16132283

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 232-708-2

1.6 Molecular Formula: C153H225N43O49S (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/C153H225N43O49S/c1-72(2)52-97(133(226)176-96(47-51-246-11)132(225)184-104(60-115(159)209)143(236)196-123(78(10)203)151(244)245)179-137(230)103(58-83-64-167-89-29-19-18-28-87(83)89)183-131(224)95(43-46-114(158)208)177-148(241)120(74(5)6)194-141(234)101(54-79-24-14-12-15-25-79)182-138(231)105(61-117(211)212)185-130(223)94(42-45-113(157)207)171-124(217)75(7)170-127(220)91(31-22-49-165-152(160)161)172-128(221)92(32-23-50-166-153(162)163)174-146(239)110(69-199)191-140(233)107(63-119(215)216)186-134(227)98(53-73(3)4)178-135(228)99(56-81-33-37-85(204)38-34-81)180-129(222)90(30-20-21-48-154)173-145(238)109(68-198)190-136(229)100(57-82-35-39-86(205)40-36-82)181-139(232)106(62-118(213)214)187-147(240)111(70-200)192-150(243)122(77(9)202)195-142(235)102(55-80-26-16-13-17-27-80)188-149(242)121(76(8)201)193-116(210)66-168-126(219)93(41-44-112(156)206)175-144(237)108(67-197)189-125(218)88(155)59-84-65-164-71-169-84/h12-19,24-29,33-40,64-65,71-78,88,90-111,120-123,167,197-205H,20-23,30-32,41-63,66-70,154-155H2,1-11H3,(H2,156,206)(H2,157,207)(H2,158,208)(H2,159,209)(H,164,169)(H,168,219)(H,170,220)(H,171,217)(H,172,221)(H,173,238)(H,174,239)(H,175,237)(H,176,226)(H,177,241)(H,178,228)(H,179,230)(H,180,222)(H,181,232)(H,182,231)(H,183,224)(H,184,225)(H,185,223)(H,186,227)(H,187,240)(H,188,242)(H,189,218)(H,190,229)(H,191,233)(H,192,243)(H,193,210)(H,194,234)(H,195,235)(H,196,236)(H,211,212)(H,213,214)(H,215,216)(H,244,245)(H4,160,161,165)(H4,162,163,166)/t75-,76+,77+,78+,88-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,120-,121-,122-,123-/m0/s1

1.8 InChkey: MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: CC(C)CC(C(=O)NC(CCSC)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC5=CC=C(C=C5)O)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CC6=CC=CC=C6)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC7=CN=CN7)N

1.10 Isomers Smiles: C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC4=CC=CC=C4)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC5=CNC6=CC=CC=C65)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC7=CN=CN7)N)O

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 1.53

2.1 Refractive index: 1.682

2.1 Precise Quality: 3480.62000

2.1 PSA: 1564.04000

2.1 logP: -0.41090

2.1 Appearance: powder

2.2 Storage: ?20°C

2.3 Chemical Properties: White or almost white powder

2.4 Color/Form: FINE, WHITE OR FAINTLY COLORED, CRYSTALLINE POWDER

2.5 Water Solubility: Practically insoluble in water and in most organic solvents. It is soluble in dilute mineral acids and in dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.

2.6 StorageTemp: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,2-8°C

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 General Description: produced by recombinant DNA technology ismarketed by Novo Nordisk (glucagon [recombinant] hydrochloride,GlucaGen HypoKit, GlucaGen Diagnostic Kit)and by Eli Lilly (glucagon [recombinant] Emergency Kit).

3.2 Usage: Hypoglycemia?(diabetes?mellitus)

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 DisposalMethods: SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

4.2 RIDADR: NONH for all modes of transport

4.2 Formulations/Preparations: GLUKAGON, HYPERGLYCEMIC-GLYCOGENOLYTIC FACTOR, HG-FACTOR, HGF, GLUCAGON (RABBIT(, GLUCAGON (RABBIT) /FROM RABBIT/
GLUCAGON FOR INJECTION, USP, HCL OF GLUCAGON, IS DISPENSED AS DRY POWDER IN 1- OR 10-MG AMPULS, PACKAGED WITH SUFFICIENT DILUENT TO MAKE 1-MG/ML SOLN.

4.3 WGK Germany: 3

4.3 Safety: Human systemic effects by intramuscular route: leukopenia (reduced white blood cell count). An experimental teratogen. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO_x and NO_x.
WGK Germany: 3
F: 3-10-21

4.4 Specification: The chemical synonyms of Glucagon (CAS NO.16941-32-5) are Bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-26,44-bis(carboxymethyl)-50,59-bis(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-41,56-bis(hydroxymethyl)-14-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-32-methyl-20-(1-methylethyl)-11,47-bis(2-methylpro ; Glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine ; L-Histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-arginyl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl-L-threonine ; L-threonine, L-histidyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-tyrosyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-arginyl-L-argin ; yl-L-alanyl-L-glutaminyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-valyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-methionyl-L-asparaginyl- ; Glucagon ; His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe- Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu- Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe- Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr .

4.5 Toxicity

1.		dns-rat:lvr 75 mg/L		EJBCAI European Journal of Biochemistry. 34 (1973),474.
2.		ims-man TDLo:28 µg/kg		AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. 218 (1975),312.

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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Skin sensitization, Category 1

Acute toxicity - Inhalation, Category 4

Respiratory sensitization, Category 1

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statement(s)	H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction H332 Harmful if inhaled H334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P284 [In case of inadequate ventilation] wear respiratory protection.
Response	P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/... P333+P313 If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P342+P311 If experiencing respiratory symptoms: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/...
Storage	none
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. Other Information

6.0 Uses: Glucagon is an Amino Acid sequence.

6.1 Uses

Glucagon has been used:

in the stimulation of human primary hepatocytes for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production
for measuring glucagon response in mice
to induce gluconeogenic stimuli in primary hepatocytes

6.2 Polypeptide hormone with straight-chain: Glucagon, also known as glucagon, is a straight-chain polypeptide hormone secreted by pancreatic islet α cells, containing 29 amino acids, with molecular formula and relative molecular mass of C153H225N43O49S = 3482.8. China has synthesize this hormone. It is a kind of white, odorless, and tasteless fine crystalline powder at room temperature. Glucagon is nearly insoluble in water and most organic solvents, while it is soluble in dilute acid and dilute alkali solution. Most of the preparation are hydrochloride which is dissolved in water. It is known that glucagon must retain its molecular integrity in order to exert its physiological activity. The glucagon structure of human and mammalian (rabbit, bovine, porcine, rat, etc.) may be consistent, while slightly different birds.
It is an important hormone to maintain normal blood glucose. The main role of glucagon is to activate the myocardium phosphorylation enzymes, promote glycogen breakdown and have a similar role of catecholamines. Therefore, it has a cardiac effect, making heart rate, myocardial contractility and coronary blood flow increased. Cardiac function is not associated with increased excitability of the heart, while it will make more calcium into the myocardial cells and can activate the adenylate cyclase of the liver cell membrane, thus promoting intracellular cyclization-synthesis of adenosine phosphate. Glucagon has been reported to be effective in certain heart failure cases. In addition, in the state of diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease, glucagon and stress, etc., the plasma levels are also increased to varying degrees. Glucagon owns four major physiological roles of the promotion of liver glycogen breakdown, glycogen gluconeogenesis, lipolysis and ketone body formation. It can promote the uptake of amino acids in liver cells, accelerate the process of amino acid deaminization in the liver, reduce the concentration of plasma amino acids, reduce the synthesis of protein, and promote liver glycogen. In addition, it can activate the lipase capacity of fat cells in the liver, increase the release of free fatty acids, speed up the process of lipid oxidation of liver cells, and increase the liver gluconeogenesis and ketone body. At the same time glucagon can inhibit the tension and peristalsis of stomach, small intestine and colon; reduce gallbladder tension; inhibit the process of pancreatic exocrinosity and the absorption of intestinal mucosa of water and salt. Large doses of glucagon can also increase concentration of myocardial cAMP, the heart rate and myocardial contractility.

6.3 Usage and dosage: 3~5mg for the first administration; intravenous injection of glucose solution. If there are no adverse reactions after 2~5min , intravenous infusion rate of 2.5~10mg/h is available. It will work after 1~3min of intravenous injection, 10min arrives at the peak, 30min effect disappears. It can be applied 24h continuously depending on the medical necessity.
Intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous: hypoglycemic coma, 0.5~1mg, if necessary, re-administration every 20 minutes. 5 to 20 minutes can be effective. If after 1 hour is still invalid, use of glucose as soon as possible. The dose for children is 5μg/kg.
Vein dropping: diluted infusion of 5% glucose injection. Congestive heart failure, 2.5~7.5mg per hour. Cardiogenic shock; 1~12mg per hour as the medical necessity; sustainable 24 hours intravenous infusion.

6.4 Side effects: Too large or too fast not only can cause nausea, vomiting, but also hypokalemia, high blood sugar and bleeding tendency.

6.5 Chemical Properties: White or almost white powder

6.6 Uses: Hypoglycemia?(diabetes?mellitus)

6.7 Definition: Produced by the α cells of the islands of Langerhans and also by the gastric mucosa. It is opposite in effect to insulin. It appears to be a straight-chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 3500. Small amounts have been detected in comm

6.8 Usage: A peptide hormone that plays a role in maintaining glucose homeostasis

7. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 3482.7473g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₁₅₃H₂₂₅N₄₃O₄₉S
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: -16.9
Exact Mass: 3481.6190567
Monoisotopic Mass: 3480.6157019
Complexity: 8160
Rotatable Bond Count: 115
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 55
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 55
Topological Polar Surface Area: 1560
Heavy Atom Count: 246
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 31
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcfB//gBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWLAAAAwYMGDAAAAAFgB/AAAHgQQCAAADTzl3ga/3vbJkgioAzX3fACCgC2xMrAJ2aG+fJiKfv7i2bOUcAhv9hPY2Ce/y+COoAAAAAACAABAAAAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAA==

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