Magnesium sulfate

Iupac Name：magnesium;sulfate

Molecular Weight：120.36800

Modify Date.: 2022-11-12 07:20

Introduction: Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic salt (chemical compound) containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen, with the formula MgSO4. It is strongly hygroscopic and often encountered as the heptahydrate sulfate mineral epsomite (MgSO4•7H2O), commonly called Epsom salt. And the monohydrate, MgSO4•H2O, is found as the mineral kieserite. View more+

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1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name: Magnesium sulfate
1.2 Synonyms: anhydrous magnesium sulphate DBO2 Dried DTTP 100MM SOL'N PH7.0 EINECS 231-298-2 FTM + RESAZURINE ACC.HARM PHARM 10X100ML Hair salt Magnesium sulfate Vetec(TM) reagent grade magnesium sulphate MAGNESIUM SULPHATE XH2O magnesium(II) sulfate magnezium sulfate MES-SDS BUFFER 20X MFCD00011110 MgSO4 Sal amarum Sal anglicum salangalis saldesedlitz Salts Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfuric acid magnesium salt (VAN) SULFURIC ACID, MAGNESIUM SALT Sulfuric acid, magnesium salt (1:1) TBS TABLETS TRIS-ACETATE-SDS BUFFER 10X

1.3 CAS No.: 7487-88-9

1.4 CID: 24083

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 242-691-3; 268-365-0; 606-949-2; 231-298-2

1.6 Molecular Formula: MgO4S (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/Mg.H2O4S/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+2;/p-2

1.8 InChkey: CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L

1.9 Canonical Smiles: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Mg+2]

1.10 Isomers Smiles: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Mg+2]

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 2.66 g/cm3

2.1 Melting point: 1124 °C

2.1 Boiling point: 330oC at 760 mmHg

2.1 Refractive index: Index of refraction: 1.56

2.1 Flash Point: °C

2.2 Precise Quality: 119.93700

2.2 PSA: 88.64000

2.2 logP: -0.25720

2.2 Solubility: H2O: 1?M at?20?°C, clear, colorless

2.3 VaporDensity: <0.01 (vs air)

2.4 Appearance: White crystalline powder

2.5 Storage: Ambient temperatures.

2.6 Chemical Properties: Magnesium sulfate (MgS04) is a colorless crystal with a bitter, saline taste. It is soluble in glycerol and used in fireproofing, textile processes, ceramics, cosmetics, and fertilizers.

2.7 Color/Form: Colorless crystalline solid
Orthorhombic crystals
Opaque powder

2.8 Decomposition: When heated to decomp ... emits toxic fumes of /sulfur oxides/.

2.9 Odor: Odorless

2.10 PH: Neutral to litmus

2.11 Water Solubility: H2O: 1?M at?20?°C, clear, colorless

2.12 Spectral Properties: Index of refraction: 1.56

2.13 Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic.

2.14 StorageTemp: no restrictions.

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Definition: ChEBI: A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.

3.2 Produe Method: Magnesium sulfate is widely distributed in nature, e.g. in salt deposits as kieserite, as Epsom salt MgSO4 . 7H20, in the form of double salts such as kainite 4KCl . 4MgSO4 . 11H20 and langbeinite K2SO4 . 2MgSO4, and in brines. Large quantities of kieserite, Epsom salt and anhydrous magnesium sulfate are produced in the processing of potassium salts. Magnesium sulfate is also produced by reacting magnesium carbonate or seawatermagnesium hydroxide with sulfuric acid.

3.3 Purification Methods: Crystallise it from warm H2O (1g/mL) by cooling. Dry the heptahydrate (Epsom salt) at ~250o until it loses 25% of its weight. Its solubility in H2O is 36% at 20o, 55% at 60o and 74% at 100o; above 110o the solubility decreases with rise of temperature. Store it in a sealed container.

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Hazard Codes: Xi

4.1 Risk Statements: R36/37/38

4.1 Safety Statements: S22-S24/25

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations: This substance is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl magnesium sulfate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. Magnesium sulfate is included as a topical acne drug product and an orally administered menstrual drug product.
Drug products containing active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for the treatment of boils. Magnesium sulfate is included in this section.

4.2 DisposalMethods: SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

4.3 RIDADR: 无资料?

4.3 Safety Profile: A poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects: heart changes, cyanosis, flaccid paralysis with appropriate anesthesia. An experimental teratogen. Mutation data reported. Potentially explosive reaction when heated with ethoxyethynyl alcohols (e.g., l-ethoxy3-methyl-1-butyn-3-01). When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx. See also SULFATES.

4.4 Formulations/Preparations: .../MAGNESIUM SULFATE/ MOST COMMON FORMS ARE THE CRYSTALLIZED SALT MGSO4.7H2O (EPSOM SALT) & KIESERITE (MGSO4.H2O). WHEN EITHER OF THESE SALTS IS CALCINED TO REMOVE COMBINED WATER, THE ANHYDROUS SALT, MGSO4, IS OBTAINED.
MAGNESIUM SULFATE INJECTION, USP, IS AVAIL IN CONCN OF 10, 12.5, 25 & 50%. /MGSO4 INJECTION/
GRADES: TECHNICAL, CP, USP, FCC
PURITY: 62-70%. /MAGNESIUM SULFATE, DRIED BRITISH PHARMACOPEIA/
EMEJO CONTAINS 80-82% MgSO4
ACS GRADE AVAILABLE

4.5 WGK Germany: 1

4.5 RTECS: OM4500000

4.5 Reactivities and Incompatibilities: Potentially explosive reaction when heated with ethoxyethynyl alcohols (e.g., 1-ethoxy-3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol).

4.6 Sensitive: Hygroscopic

5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Not classified.

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)	No symbol.
Signal word	No signal word.
Hazard statement(s)	none
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	none
Response	none
Storage	none
Disposal	none

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

View all

6. Synthesis Route

7487-88-9Total: 8 Synthesis Route

501-53-1 152 Suppliers

7487-88-9 584 Suppliers

Literatures:
US2011/306541 A1, ;
Yield: null

13841-11-7

7487-88-9 584 Suppliers

Literatures:
EP388553 , ;
Yield: null

639819-42-4

7487-88-9 584 Suppliers

Literatures:
Z. Kristallogr. Mineral., , vol. 52, p. 392 - 392 Z. Kristallogr. Mineral., , vol. 52, p. 398 - 398
Yield: null

View all

7. Precursor and Product

precursor:

501-53-1

13841-11-7

7681-38-1

15092-81-6

7446-09-5

101597-25-5

639819-42-4

791574-55-5

144-55-8

7786-30-3

product :

617-48-1

72757-52-9

110-17-8

1003-17-4

563-80-4

7446-11-9

34403-48-0

30590-59-1

7170-38-9

78238-11-6

111-16-0

18978-24-0

7791-21-1

504-60-9

64-18-6

7757-82-6

802294-64-0

763-89-3

3588-30-5

3230-69-1

776-79-4

14211-53-1

7446-09-5

21573-29-5

13553-19-0

1629-58-9

View all

8. Other Information

8.0 Merck: 14,5691

8.1 Description: Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic salt (chemical compound) containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen, with the formula MgSO4. It is strongly hygroscopic and often encountered as the heptahydrate sulfate mineral epsomite (MgSO4?7H2O), commonly called Epsom salt. And the monohydrate, MgSO4?H2O, is found as the mineral kieserite.

In gardening and other agriculture, magnesium sulfate is used to correct a magnesium or sulfur deficiency in soil.
In food preparation, magnesium sulfate is used as a brewing salt in beer production or used as a coagulant for making tofu.
In chemistry, anhydrous magnesium sulfate is commonly used as a desiccant in organic synthesis due to its affinity for water.
For Marine use, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is used to maintain the magnesium concentration in marine aquaria which contain large amounts of stony corals.
For medicine use, it is used in pregnant women to control seizures due to certain complications of pregnancy (eg, severe toxemia) and to control high blood pressure, severe brain function problems (encephalopathy), and seizures in children who have sudden, severe inflammation of the kidneys (acute nephritis). Besides, magnesium sulfate is also used as a laxative to relieve occasional constipation.

8.2 Chemical Properties: Magnesium sulfate (MgS04) is a colorless crystal with a bitter, saline taste. It is soluble in glycerol and used in fireproofing, textile processes, ceramics, cosmetics, and fertilizers.

8.3 Chemical Properties: Magnesium Sulfate is found widely in nature as either a double salt or as a hydrate, colorless crystals,very soluble in water, soluble in glycerol, sparingly soluble in alcohol.

8.4 Physical properties: In their hydrated form, these salts have a pH of 6.0 (5.5 to 6.5) in solution. These magnesium sulfates are white crystalline solids. Their densities are: 2.66 g/cm3 (anhydrous); 2.445 g/cm3 (monohydrate); 1.68 g/cm3 (heptahydrate). Solubilities in water are: anhydrous＝ 26.9 g/100 ml (0°C); monohydrate＝ 25.5 g/100 ml (20°C); heptahydrate＝71 g/100 ml (20°C). Magnesium sulfate is found in nature in many salt deposits and mineral waters, occurring as hydrates or double salts. The heptahydrate or Epsom salt was discovered in 1695, found inthemineralwater at Epsom. Kieserite and epsomite are the two most important minerals. Other than these and the above hydrates, magnesium sulfate is also found in several other minerals, including langbeinite, leonite,vanthoffite,bloedite,kainite,polyhalite,

8.5 Uses: In agriculture and gardening, magnesium sulfate is used to correct magnesium deficiency in soil, since magnesium is an essential element in the chlorophyll molecule. It is most commonly applied to potted plants, or to magnesium-hungry crops, such as potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and roses. The advantage of magnesium sulfate over other magnesium compounds (such as dolomitic limestone) is its high solubility. MgSO4 has been used in organic synthesis to remove water from nonaqueous solutions before the organic reaction is started. Since it is insoluble in most organic solvents, its addition forms hydrates that can be easily removed.
Epsom salt is also used to prepare footbaths, intended to soothe sore feet. The reason for the inclusion of the salt is partially cosmetic. However, magnesium sulfate can also be absorbed into the skin, reducing inflammation. It is also sometimes found in bottled mineral water, and accordingly is sometimes listed in the contents thereof. Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is also used to maintain the magnesium concentration in marine aquaria which contain large amounts of stony corals as it is slowly depleted in their calcification process, precipitation into calcium carbonate. Oral Epsom salt is used as a saline laxative as well as for replacement therapy in “hypomagnesaemia” (lack of Mg²⁺) in animals and humans. Magnesium sulfate paste has been used as an agent for dehydrating (drawing) boils, carbuncles or abscesses. Magnesium sulfate solution has also been shown to be an effective aid in the fight against blemishes and acne when applied directly to problematic areas. Magnesium sulfate, when used through soaking, can soothe muscle pains and help improve rough patches in the skin. Soaking in a warm bath containing Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) can be beneficial to soothe and relieve herpes outbreak symptoms, such as itching and lesions relating to genital herpes or shingles.

8.6 Uses: Magnesium sulfate is used widely in several industries including fertilizer, cement, textile, chemicals, and medicine. In the cement industry, it is used in manufacturing oxysulfate cement. In medicine, it is an analgesic and cathartic. An important application of anhydrous magnesium sulfate in the laboratory involves drying organic solvents required for syntheses and GC analysis.
In the textile industry, magnesium sulfate is used in finishing composition for dressing cotton; for weighting and sizing silk; as a mordant for fixing basic dyestuffs on wool; and in fireproofing fabrics. It also is a component of certain types of electrolytic plating baths; of various photographic solutions; of cosmetic lotions. It is a catalyst carrier; a dietary supplement in cattle feed; a coagulant for rubber and plastic; and is used in making citric acid and several magnesium salts, such as magnesium stearate.

8.7 Preparation: Hydrated magnesium sulfate occurs in nature as the minerals kieserite and epsomite. The salt is mined in large scale from these and other naturally occurring minerals. The salt also is prepared in the laboratory by the action of sulfuric acid on magnesium oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate followed by evaporation and crystallization:
MgO + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2O
Mg(OH)2 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + 2H2O
MgCO3 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
Crystallization at temperatures between 1.8 and 48°C yields heptahydrate, MgSO4?7H2O. Below 1.8°C, a dodecahydrate , MgSO4?12H2O crystallizes out. Above 48°C crystals of lower hydrates form. The anhydrous salt is obtained by heating the heptahydrate at about 500°C in a rotary drum; or dehydrating above 150°C in the presence of sulfuric acid.

8.8 Definition: ChEBI: A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.

8.9 Indications: Magnesium sulfate prevents convulsions in preeclampsia and directly uncouples excitation–contraction in myometrial cells through inhibition of cellular action potentials. Furthermore, magnesium sulfate decreases calcium uptake by competing for its binding sites, activating adenylyl cyclase (thereby reducing intracellular calcium), and stimulating calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), which promotes calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Magnesium is filtered by the glomerulus, so patients with low glomerular filtration will have low magnesium clearance. Although the compound does have some cardiac side effects, magnesium sulfate may be preferred over β- adrenergic agents in patients with heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, or hyperthyroidism.

8.10 Application: Magnesium sulfate is utilized in the potassium chemicals industry for the manufacture of potassium sulfate (from potassium chloride), sodium sulfate and potash magnesia (potassium magnesium sulfate). Magnesium sulfate, particularly as kieserite, is used as a fertilizer (ca. 80% of total consumption). It is also used in the textile industry, in the manufacture of building and refractory materials, in the pulp industry and in the production of animal feedstuffs and motor oil additives.

8.11 Usage: Magnesium sulfate is applied in replacement therapy for hypomagnesemia. It can be used orally as a laxative to relieve occasional constipation, and to treat low levels of magnesium. It works by replacing magnesium in the body and increasing water in the intestines. It is the first-line antiarrhythmic agent for torsades de pointes in cardiac arrest under the 2005 ECC guidelines and for managing quinidine-induced arrhythmias. It is effective in decreasing the risk that pre-eclampsia progresses to eclampsia.

8.12 Usage: Magnesium sulfate is suitable for sensitive molecular biology applications. It used as a component of bath salts and beauty product. It is utilized by the athletes to soothe sore muscles and effective in the removal of splinters. It is commonly used as a desiccant in organic synthesis due to its affinity for water. It acts as a brewing salt in beer production to adjust the ion content of the brewing water as well as enhance enzyme action. It plays a vital role as an antidote for barium chloride poisoning. . It is useful in controlling seizures associated with epilepsy, glomerulonephritis, or hypothyroidism.

8.13 Production Methods: Magnesium sulfate is widely distributed in nature, e.g. in salt deposits as kieserite, as Epsom salt MgSO4 . 7H20, in the form of double salts such as kainite 4KCl . 4MgSO4 . 11H20 and langbeinite K2SO4 . 2MgSO4, and in brines. Large quantities of kieserite, Epsom salt and anhydrous magnesium sulfate are produced in the processing of potassium salts. Magnesium sulfate is also produced by reacting magnesium carbonate or seawatermagnesium hydroxide with sulfuric acid.

8.14 Biological Functions: Magnesium sulfate may be effective in terminating refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmias, particularly polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Digitalis-induced arrhythmias are more likely in the presence of magnesium deficiency. Magnesium sulfate can be administered orally, intramuscularly, or, preferably, intravenously,when a rapid response is intended.The loss of deep tendon reflexes is a sign of overdose.

8.15 General Description: Magnesium sulfate is an anhydrous magnesium salt.

9. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 120.36800g/mol
Molecular Formula: MgO₄S
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: null
Exact Mass: 119.9367713
Monoisotopic Mass: 119.9367713
Complexity: 62.2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Topological Polar Surface Area: 88.6
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcQAAOABAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAADAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

10. Question & Answer

Can we get magnesium precipitate from magnesium sulfate treated with copper at 1.53 volts? Mar 29 2022
Copper cannot displace Magnesium from Magnesium sulphate solution. Therefore, we do not get the precipitate of Magnesium.
What is the result of electrolysis of a solution of magnesium sulfate with copper electrodes? Nov 21 2021
My guess : At first, it will generate magnesium metal and sulphuric acid. Then woth time, it will slowly start consuming copper electrodes to produce copper sulphate . Copper is fairly resistant to sulfuric acid. But if you add little bit hydrogen peroxide, it will greatly enhance the production of...
Electrolysis of aluminum in a solution of magnesium sulfate Aug 31 2021
Aluminum is not a good idea for carrying out electrolysis, because this metal is covered by a thin layer of aluminum oxide (or alumina) that is insulating. The current passing between these electrodes must be really weak, because the resistance of this layer is high. So that you need a high tension...

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