3D Mol Similar

Melamine

: Iupac Name：1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine; CAS No.: 108-78-1; Molecular Weight：126.11994; Modify Date.: 2022-11-10 15:04; Introduction: Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) is an activeingredient of strong (reinforced) plasters. Sensitizationwas reported in a plaster-room technician, who appliedresin-reinforced pIaster casts, and in dental technicians.MFR was contained in a strong dental pIasterused for mouldings. Used as a textile finish res in, it wasalso found to be an allergen in a women who replacedclothes in a store. MFR also releases formaldehyde,which may be the sensitizer. View more+

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1. Names and Identifiers

: 1.1 Name; Melamine; 1.2 Synonyms; 1,3,5-Triazin-2,4,6-triaMine 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triimine 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine (Melamine) 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 1,6-dihydro-6-imino- 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine 2,4,6-TRIAMINO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE FOR SYNTHE 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine Monomer 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine,Metformin impurity D,Ph Eur) 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine,sym-Triaminotriazine 2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine 6-Imino-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine acetoguanamine Aero cyanuramide Cymel EINECS 203-615-4 hicophorpr Melamin Melamine 5g [108-78-1] Melamine (250 mg) (2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine) MelaMine MonoMer MELAMINE(P) Melamine, synthesis grade Melamine,2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine, sym-Triaminotriazine MFCD00131581 pluragard Teoharn Theoharn; View all

1.3 CAS No.: 108-78-1

1.4 CID: 7955

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 203-615-4

1.6 Molecular Formula: C3H6N6 (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/C3H6N6/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9)

1.8 InChIkey: JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)N)N)N

1.10 Isomers Smiles: C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)N)N)N

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 1.573

2.1 Melting point: 354℃

2.1 Boiling point: 299.696°C at 760 mmHg

2.1 Refractive index: 1.922

2.1 Flash Point: 135.052°C

2.2 Precise Quality: 126.065392

2.2 PSA: 116.73000

2.2 logP: 0.36180

2.2 Solubility: water: soluble25mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless

2.3 VaporDensity: 4.34 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)

2.4 Appearance: white solid

2.5 Storage: Ambient temperatures.

2.6 Carcinogenicity: A bioassay of melamine wasconducted in rats and mice by NTP. Male F344 rats andB6C3F1 mice were administered melamine in their diets atconcentrations of 2250 or 4500 ppm daily for 103 weeks.Female rats were fed 4500 or 9000 ppm melamine. At the endof 111 weeks, surviving animals were killed and examined.

2.7 Chemical Properties: White Solid

2.8 Color/Form: Powder

2.9 Contact Allergens: Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) results from condensation of melamine and formaldehyde. It is anactive ingredient of strong (reinforced) plasters, such as industrial or some dental plasters used for molding.It is also used as a textile finish resin. MFR acts as an allergen generally because of formaldehyde releasing (see Chap. 40)

2.10 Decomposition: DANGEROUS; WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF /NITROGEN OXIDES AND HYDROGEN CYANIDE/.

2.11 Heat of Combustion: -1967 kJ/mol at 25 deg C

2.12 PH: 7-8 (32g/l, H2O, 20℃)

2.13 pKa: 5(at 25℃)

2.14 Water Solubility: 3 g/L (20 oC)

2.15 Spectral Properties: MAX ABSORPTION (0.1 N HCL): 235 NM (LOG E= 4.01); (WATER PH= 7): 236 NM (LOG E= 3.4); SADTLER REF NUMBER: 5460 (IR, PRISM); 477 (IR, GRATING)
Index of refraction: 1.872 at 20 degC/D
IR: 2344 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)
UV: 1499 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
MASS: 2584 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral database, 1990 version)

2.16 Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. Nonflammable.

2.17 StorageTemp: no restrictions.

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Definition: ChEBI: A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.

3.2 General Description: Colorless to white monoclinic crystals or prisms or white powder. Sublimes when gently heated.

3.3 Potential Exposure: Manufactured from urea, melamineis used in the manufacture of plastics, melamineformaldehyde resins; rubber, synthetic textiles; laminates,adhesives, and molding compound

3.4 Produe Method: The compound now is synthesized from urea.

3.5 Purification Methods: Crystallise Melamine from water or dilute aqueous NaOH. It sublimes at ~240o on prolonged heating. [Beilstein 26 I 74, 26 II 132, 26 III/IV 1253.]

3.6 Usage: A compound that forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Hazard Codes: Xn

4.1 Risk Statements: R20/21;R44

4.1 Safety Statements: S36/37

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations: Melamine is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

4.2 Packing Group: III

4.2 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: log Kow = -1.37

4.3 Fire Hazard: Literature sources indicate that Melamine is nonflammable.

4.4 Cleanup Methods: Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until clean-up is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Use HEPA vacuum or wet method to reduce dist during clean-up. Do not dry sweep. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.
Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place (extra personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles).
DISSOLVED CYANURIC ACID, CYANURATES, & OTHER DERIVATIVES (0.2-3.0%) CONTAINED IN WASTE WATER FROM THE MFR OF CHLORINATED CYANURIC ACIDS ARE REMOVED BY SLURRYING WITH POWDERED OR GRANULATED ACTIVE CARBON FOR 0.5-3 HR & FILTRATION.
ACID WASTEWATERS FROM MFR OF CYANURIC ACID & ITS CHLORINATED DERIVATIVES WHICH CONTAIN CYANURIC ACID, MELAMINE, AMMELINE, & AMMELIDE & HAVE PH 0-6, ARE HEATED TO 245-270 DEG C UNDER EVOLVED PRESSURE, WHICH MAY BE 1-30 ATM & ARE HYDROLYZED COMPLETELY.; View all

4.5 DisposalMethods: SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

4.6 RIDADR: 3263

4.6 Fire Fighting Procedures: Powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide.
Melanine itself does not burn. Use any extinguishing agent suitable for surrounding fire. Poisonous gases including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia are produced in fire. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156.

4.7 Safety Profile: Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. An eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. Causes dermatitis in humans. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CN-.

4.8 Formulations/Preparations: Grade: min-99%

4.9 Incompatibilities: Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Melamine neutralizesacids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. Maybe incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics,peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acidhalides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated incombination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides,nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides. Melamine Preparation Products And Raw materials Preparation Products

4.10 WGK Germany: 1

4.10 RTECS: OS0700000

4.10 Reactivities and Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, strong acids.

4.11 Toxicity: LD50 orally in Rabbit: 3161 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 1000 mg/kg

5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Not classified.

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)	No symbol.
Signal word	No signal word.
Hazard statement(s)	none
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	none
Response	none
Storage	none
Disposal	none

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

6. NMR Spectrum

Raman : 4880 A,200 M,powder

Mass

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

7. Synthesis Route

108-78-1Total: 82 Synthesis Route

57-13-6 924 Suppliers

108-78-1 708 Suppliers

Literatures:
Moiseeva; Kurylev; Pomerantsev; Tubolkin Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2002 , vol. 75, # 11 p. 1883 - 1884
Yield: ~99%

56-03-1 14 Suppliers

108-78-1 708 Suppliers

Literatures:
CH205525 , ;
Yield: null

50-01-1 341 Suppliers

108-78-1 708 Suppliers

Literatures:
Journal of Physical Chemistry, , vol. 67, p. 1559 C: MVol.D1, 37.1.1, page 347 - 348
Yield: null

View all

8. Precursor and Product

precursor:

5759-58-0

593-85-1

3576-88-3

57-13-6

113-00-8

13507-15-8

420-04-2

884-43-5

54-12-6

90802-01-0

56-03-1

50-01-1

108-19-0

5637-83-2

14921-00-7

108-77-0

View all

product :

7664-41-7

20208-95-1

420-04-2

204-34-2

6726-47-2

5637-82-1

590-28-3

65052-42-8

27114-96-1

645-92-1

645-93-2

108-80-5

89352-30-7

5606-24-6

1973-05-3

593-84-0

50355-82-3

89676-41-5

6291-82-3

7440-44-0

3085-95-8

1502-47-2

7664-38-2

531-18-0

5606-17-7

37640-57-6

View all

9. Other Information

9.0 Merck: 14,5811

9.1 BRN: 124341

9.2 Description: Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) is an active ingredient of strong (reinforced) plasters. Sensitization was reported in a plaster-room technician, who applied resin-reinforced pIaster casts, and in dental technicians. MFR was contained in a strong dental pIaster used for mouldings. Used as a textile finish res in, it was also found to be an allergen in a women who replaced clothes in a store. MFR also releases formaldehyde, which may be the sensitizer.

9.3 Chemical Properties: White Solid

9.4 Chemical Properties: Melamine is a white crystalline solid

9.5 Uses: A compound that forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde

9.6 Uses: Forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde.

9.7 Uses: It is used to make high-pressure laminating resins (e.g., decorative countertops), molded compounds (e.g., dinnerware), and surface coating resins (e.g., appliance finishes and automotive topcoats). Additional major products are textile and paper treatment resins. Miscellaneous uses include adhesive resins for gluing lumber, plywood, and flooring, and resins for leather tanning agents. Melamine, melamine cyanurate, other melamine salts, and guanidine compounds are currently the most used group of nitrogencontaining flame retardants. Melamine is used as a flame retardant additive for polypropylene and polyethylene. Melamine cyanurate is employed commercially as a flame retardant for polyamides and terephthalates.

9.8 Production Methods: The compound now is synthesized from urea.

9.9 Preparation: The standard route to melamine is from urea. Urea is heated in the presence of ammonia at 250-350°C and 4--20 MPa. The reaction probably involves the simultaneous dehydration and hydration of urea to form cyanamide and ammonium carbamate; trimerization of the cyanamide then leads to melamine:

Thus only 50% of the urea used gives melamine in one step and ammonium carbamate has to be separated and converted to urea for recycling. Despite this limitation, the urea route is the most economical of currently available routes.

9.10 Definition: ChEBI: A trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.

9.11 Definition: A white solid organic compound whose molecules consist of a sixmembered heterocyclic ring of alternate carbon and nitrogen atoms with three amino groups attached to the carbons. Condensation polymerization with methanal or other aldehydes produces melamine resins, which are important thermosetting plastics.

9.12 Definition: melamine: A white crystalline compound,C₃N₆H₆. Melamine is a cycliccompound having a six-memberedring of alternating C and N atoms,with three NH₂ groups. It can becopolymerized with methanal to givethermosetting melamine resins,which are used particularly for laminatedcoatings.

9.13 Production Methods: Melamine is prepared almost exclusively by the urea process—the action of ammonia on urea. It is produced worldwide.

9.14 General Description: Colorless to white monoclinic crystals or prisms or white powder. Sublimes when gently heated.

9.15 Air & Water Reactions: Insoluble in water.

9.16 Reactivity Profile: Melamine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids . Neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

9.17 Hazard: Toxic by ingestion, skin, and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen.

9.18 Fire Hazard: Literature sources indicate that Melamine is nonflammable.

9.19 Contact allergens: Melamine-formaldehyde resin (MFR) results from condensation of melamine and formaldehyde. It is anactive ingredient of strong (reinforced) plasters, such as industrial or some dental plasters used for molding.It is also used as a textile finish resin. MFR acts as an allergen generally because of formaldehyde releasing (see Chap. 40)

9.20 Safety Profile: Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. An eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. Causes dermatitis in humans. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and CN-.

9.21 Potential Exposure: Manufactured from urea, melamine is used in the manufacture of plastics, melamineformaldehyde resins; rubber, synthetic textiles; laminates, adhesives, and molding compound

9.22 Carcinogenicity: A bioassay of melamine was conducted in rats and mice by NTP. Male F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were administered melamine in their diets at concentrations of 2250 or 4500 ppm daily for 103 weeks.Female rats were fed 4500 or 9000 ppm melamine. At the end of 111 weeks, surviving animals were killed and examined.

9.23 Purification Methods: Crystallise Melamine from water or dilute aqueous NaOH. It sublimes at ~240o on prolonged heating. [Beilstein 26 I 74, 26 II 132, 26 III/IV 1253.]

9.24 Incompatibilities: Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Melamine neutralizes acids in exothermic reactions to form salts plus water. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen may be generated in combination with strong reducing agents such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.

9.25 Usage: Melamine is used in the production of synthetic resins such as melamine resin with formaldehyde, which is used in high pressure decorative laminates like formica, melamine dinnerware, laminate flooring, and dry erase boards. The presence rich in nitrogen content resulted in fire retardant properties when mixed with resins. It is used to prepare melamine cyanurate by reacting with cyanuric acid. It finds application as superplasticizer for making high-resistance concrete, soundproofing material and in polymeric cleaning products like magic eraser. It is an active component in pigment yellow 150. Further, it is also used as a nitrogen and carbon source for N-doped carbon nanotube.

10. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 126.11994g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₃H₆N₆
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: null
Exact Mass: 126.06539422
Monoisotopic Mass: 126.06539422
Complexity: 63.3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Topological Polar Surface Area: 117
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcYBDgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAsAAAAAAAAAAABgAAABAAQAAAAAAAAAAABEAZIEAAgAAAAJAAAAAkAAIABAAAAAACACAAAAAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

11. Question & Answer

What is the chemical formula of Melamine? Sep 03 2023
Melamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H6N6. It consists of 6 cyanide (CN) groups connected to 3 amino (NH2) groups. Melamine has a white crystalline powder appearance and a high ..
What is Melamine Board? Sep 03 2023
Melamine board is a type of composite board made of fiberboard and melamine resin. It is widely used in furniture, decoration materials, and other fields due to its wear resistance, antibacterial prop..
What is Melamine and its impact on health and food safety? Aug 14 2023
Question 1: What is Melamine? Answer: Melamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H6N6. It is a white crystalline powder that is odorless and tasteless. Due to its high nitrogen conten..
What are the Hazards of Melamine and How Can We Address Them? Aug 13 2023
1. Introduction Melamine (C3H6N6) is a chemical substance widely used in industry and agriculture due to its low cost, stability, and physical properties. However, melamine also poses serious risks to..

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