Potassium iodide
- Iupac Name：potassium;iodide
- CAS No.: 7681-11-0
- Molecular Weight：166.00277
- Modify Date.: 2022-10-31 01:57
- Introduction:
Manufacture photographic emulsions, in animal & poultry feeds to the extent of 10-30 ppm, in table salts & in some drinking water.
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1. Names and Identifiers
- 1.1 Name
- Potassium iodide
- 1.2 Synonyms
EINECS 231-442-4 iodic acid potassium salt IODIDE IC STANDARD IODIDE, ION CHROMATOGRAPHY STANDARD SOLUTION IODINE SOLUTION IODINE, ELEMENTAL IODINE-IODINE LUGOL LUGOL'S SOLUTION MFCD00011355 Patassium Iodide Potassium iodide (JP15/USP) Potassium iodide [JAN] POTASSIUM MONOIODIDE Potassium salt of hydriodic acid potassium,iodide
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- 1.3 CAS No.
- 7681-11-0
- 1.4 CID
- 4875
- 1.5 EINECS(EC#)
- 231-659-4
- 1.6 Inchi
- InChI=1S/HI.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
- 1.7 InChIkey
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
- 1.8 Canonical Smiles
- [K+].[I-]
- 1.9 Isomers Smiles
- [K+].[I-]
2. Properties
- 2.1 Density
- 3.13
- 2.1 Melting point
- 680℃
- 2.1 Boiling point
- 1330℃
- 2.1 Refractive index
- 1.677
- 2.1 Flash Point
- 1330°C
- 2.2 Precise Quality
- 165.86800
- 2.2 PSA
- 0.00000
- 2.2 logP
- -2.99600
- 2.2 Solubility
- 1.43 kg/L
- 2.3 Λmax
- 224(EtOH)nm
- 2.4 VaporDensity
- 9 (vs air)
- 2.5 Appearance
- white to off-white crystalline powder
- 2.6 Storage
- Hygroscopic. Store under Nitrogen. Ambient temperatures.
- 2.7 Autoignition Temperature
- Not flammable (USCG, 1999)
- 2.8 Chemical Properties
- Colorless or white cubic crystals or granules; becomes yellowish when exposed to bright light due to photochemical decomposition liberating traces of free iodine; density 3.13 g/cm3; melts at 681°C; vaporizes at 1,330°C; highly soluble in water, ~140 g/100mL at 20°C; aqueous solution readily dissolves iodine; sparingly soluble in ethanol (about 2 g/100mL at 25°C) and acetone; slightly soluble in ether and ammonia.
- 2.9 Color/Form
- Colorless or white, cubical crystals, white granules, or powder
HEXAHEDRAL CRYSTALS, EITHER TRANSPARENT OR SOMEWHAT OPAQUE
- 2.10 PH
- Aqueous solution in neutral or usually alkaline, pH 7-9
- 2.11 Water Solubility
- 1.43 kg/L
- 2.12 Spectral Properties
- Index of refraction = 1.677
- 2.13 Stability
- Stable. Protect from light and moisture. Incompatible with strong reducing agents, strong acids, steel, aluminium, alkali metals, brass, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, copper, tin, nickel and their alloys.
- 2.14 StorageTemp
- 2-8°C
3. Use and Manufacturing
- 3.1 Purification Methods
- Crystallise it from distilled water (0.5mL/g) by filtering the near-boiling solution and cooling. To minimise oxidation to iodine, the process can be carried out under N2 and the salt is dried under a vacuum over P2O5 at 70-100o. Before drying, the crystals can be washed with EtOH or with acetone followed by pet ether. It has also been recrystallised from water/ethanol. After 2 recrystallisations, ACS/USP grade had Li and Sb at <0.02 and <0.01 ppm respectively. [Lingane & Kolthoff Inorg Synth I 163 1939.] Potassium iodide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials
- 3.2 Usage
-
Manufacture photographic emulsions, in animal & poultry feeds to the extent of 10-30 ppm, in table salts & in some drinking water.
4. Safety and Handling
- 4.1 Symbol
- GHS07
- 4.1 Hazard Codes
- C
- 4.1 Signal Word
- Warning
- 4.1 Risk Statements
- R36/37/38
- 4.1 Safety Statements
- S24/25
- 4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations
- The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed over-the-counter drug products, incl potassium iodide, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Potassium iodide is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.
Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
Potassium iodide used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in table salt as a source of dietary iodine in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
Trace minerals added to animal feeds. These substances added to animal feeds as nutritional dietary supplements are generally recognized as safe when added at levels consistent with good feeding practice. All substances listed may be in anhydrous or hydrated form. Potassium iodide is included on this list.
Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: potassium iodide is included in expectorant drug products. - View all
- 4.2 Packing Group
- II
- 4.2 Hazard Class
- 8
- 4.2 Hazard Declaration
- H302-H315-H319
- 4.2 DisposalMethods
- SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
- 4.3 RIDADR
- 25kgs
- 4.3 Safety Profile
- Poison by intravenousroute. Moderately toxic by ingestion andintraperitoneal routes. Human teratogeniceffects by ingestion: developmentalabnormalities of the endocrine system.Experimental teratogenic and reproductiveeffects. Mutation data reported. Explosivereaction with charcoal + ozone,trifluoroacetyl hypofluorite, fluorineperchlorate. Violent reaction or ignition oncontact with dazonium salts, diisopropylperoxydicarbonate, bromine pentafluoride,chlorine trifluoride. Incompatible withoxidants, BrF3, FClO, metaltic salts, calomel.When heated to decomposition it emits verytoxic fumes of K2O and I-. See alsoIODIDES.
- 4.4 Caution Statement
- P305 + P351 + P338
- 4.4 Formulations/Preparations
- Oral: Solution: 249 mg (of iodide) per 5 mL Pima Syrup, (Fleming), 1 g/mL SSKI, (Upsher-Smith) Tablets: 65 mg Thyro-Safe (scored), (Recip US); 130 mg Iosat, (Anbec). Thyro-Block (scored), (MedPointe).
Available in 99.9995% purity, ultradry grades; 45% solution
- 4.5 WGK Germany
- 2
- 4.5 RTECS
- NN1575000
- 4.5 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
- A sample of fluorine perchlorate exploded on contact with a potassium iodide solution.
Incompatibilities: mercurous chloride in presence of an excess of potassium iodide produces metallic mercury & mercuric iodide, the latter forming the soluble double salt, potassium mercuric iodide.
- 4.6 Safety
-
Hazard Codes:?
Xn,
N,
Xi,
F
Risk Statements: 36/37/38-36/37-20/21/22-19-11-43-34-20/21-42/43-36/38-61
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.?
R36/37:Irritating to eyes and respiratory system.?
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.?
R19:May form explosive peroxides.?
R11:Highly flammable.?
R43:May cause sensitization by skin contact.?
R34:Causes burns.?
R20/21:Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin.?
R42/43:May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact.?
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin.?
R61:May cause harm to the unborn child.
Safety Statements: 26-ection-24/25-36-45-36/37/39-53-36/37-22
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.?
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.?
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)?
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.?
S53:Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.?
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.?
S22:Do not breathe dust.
RIDADR: UN 2056 3/PG 2
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: NN1575000
F: 10
HazardClass: 8
PackingGroup: II
HS Code: 28276000
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- 4.7 Sensitive
- Hygroscopic
- 4.8 Specification
-
? Potassium iodide , with CAS number of 7681-11-0, can be called AI3-52931 ; Asmofug E ; Dipotassium diiodide ; Iodure de potassium ; Potassium monoiodide ; Thyro-Block ; Potide ; Tripotassium triiodide . KI is also used as a fluorescence quenching agent in biomedical research because of collisional quenching by its iodide ion. Potassium iodide (CAS NO.7681-11-0) is used medicinally in tablets.Potassium iodide is an inorganic compound with formula KI.
- 4.9 Toxicity
-
| Organism |
Test Type |
Route |
Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) |
Effect |
Source |
| mouse |
LDLo |
intraperitoneal |
1117mg/kg (1117mg/kg) |
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES |
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 120, Pg. 171, 1957. |
| mouse |
LDLo |
oral |
1862mg/kg (1862mg/kg) |
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA |
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 120, Pg. 171, 1957. |
| rabbit |
LDLo |
oral |
916mg/kg (916mg/kg) |
? |
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 30, Pg. 407, 1927. |
| rat |
LDLo |
intravenous |
167mg/kg (167mg/kg) |
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD |
Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 96, Pg. 292, 1923. |
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5. MSDS
2.Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Not classified.
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) | No symbol. |
| Signal word | No signal word. |
| Hazard statement(s) | none |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | none |
| Response | none |
| Storage | none |
| Disposal | none |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
none
6. Synthesis Route
7681-11-0Total: 27 Synthesis Route
8. Other Information
- 8.0 Usage
- Potassium iodide is a simple iodide salt utilized as a fluorescence quenching agent which acts by collision quenching of fluorescent substances by the iodide ion. It is also used in the isolation of single stranded DNA.
- 8.1 Usage
- Potassium iodide is used in pharmaceutical formulations and in film photography as a source of iodine. It is widely used as an analytical Reagent in iodometric tritrations. Apart from its application as a source of iodide to produce organo iodine compounds such as in Sandmeyer reactions, potassium iodide finds extensive use as a nucleophilic catalyst for several alkylation reactions.
- 8.2 Usage
- Potassium iodide is used with silver nitrate to make silver iodide an important chemical in film photography. Medicinally it is used for thyroid blockade, thyroid storm and also as an expectorant. It is a component in some hair treatment chemicals. It is also used as a fluorescence quenching agent in biomedical research, an application that takes advantage of collisional quenching of fluorescent substances by the iodide ion.
- 8.3 Usage
- Potassium iodide is a simple iodide salt utilized as a fluorescence quenching agent which acts by collisional quenching of fluorescent substances by the iodide ion. It is also used in the isolation of single stranded DNA.
- 8.4 Usage
- Potassium iodide is both a source of iodide and a mild reducing agent. It is used as a component in the electrolyte of dye sensitized solar cells. In the field of synthetic organic chemistry, it is used in the preparation of alkyl or aryl iodo compounds. It is employed as a nucleophilic catalyst in the alkylations with alkyl bromide, chloride, tosylate and mesylate. In the presence of acid it forms hydroiodic acid, which is a strong reducing agent. It is useful in producing Lugol?s solution (or Lugol?s iodne) which finds many applications including starch testing, gram stains, and etching of gold surfaces.
- 8.5 Usage
- Potassium iodide is a simple iodide salt utilized as a fluorescence quenching agent. It is used in photography and as an analytical reagent, It is used in treating overactive thyroid and protecting the thyroid gland from the effects of radiation from inhaled or swallowed radioactive iodine. It is used as a nutrition supplement to prevent goitre and other iodine deficiency in human body.
- 8.6 Merck
- 14,7643
- 8.7 毒性
- Approx LD i.v. in rats: 285 mg/kg (Hildebrandt)
- 8.8 Chemical properties
- Colorless or white cubic crystals or granules; becomes yellowish when exposed to bright light due to photochemical decomposition liberating traces of free iodine; density 3.13 g/cm3; melts at 681°C; vaporizes at 1,330°C; highly soluble in water, ~140 g/100mL at 20°C; aqueous solution readily dissolves iodine; sparingly soluble in ethanol (about 2 g/100mL at 25°C) and acetone; slightly soluble in ether and ammonia.
- 8.9 Uses
-
- 8.10 用途
-
Potassium iodide
9. Computational chemical data
- Molecular Weight: 166.00277g/mol
- Molecular Formula: IK
- Compound Is Canonicalized: True
- XLogP3-AA: null
- Exact Mass: 165.86818
- Monoisotopic Mass: 165.86818
- Complexity: 2
- Rotatable Bond Count: 0
- Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
- Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
- Topological Polar Surface Area: 0
- Heavy Atom Count: 2
- Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Isotope Atom Count: 0
- Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
- CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcQAAAAAAQgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
10. Question & Answer
-
Before introducing Potassium Iodide Disulfide, let's first understand the concept of chemical reagents. Chemical reagents are chemical substances that can play a certain role in chemical experiments o..
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With the advancement of technology, the modern biomedical field plays an increasingly important role. Our lives are inseparable from drugs, and research and development of drugs are being conducted wo..
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Potassium iodide is a colorless or white cubic crystal with no odor but a strong bitter and salty taste. It is soluble in water and ethanol, methanol, acetone, glycerol, and liquid ammonia, and slight..
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Chemicals can be divided into two categories: organic compounds and inorganic compounds. Potassium iodide belongs to the category of inorganic compounds. It is a colorless or white crystal with no odo..
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