3D Mol Similar

Ritonavir

: Iupac Name：1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl N-[(2S,3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate; CAS No.: 155213-67-5; Molecular Weight：720.948; Modify Date.: 2023-02-09 14:28; Introduction: Norvir was launched in Germany, the UK and US for treatment of advancedHIV in combination with antiretroviral nucleoside analogs in a record 72 days by theFDA. It is an inhibitor of HIV aspartic protease which is critical in the processing of apropeptide into the gag, gag-pol gene products and the protease itself. This inhibitionresults in the release of non-infectous immature virus particles. It is greater than500-fold more selective for viral aspartic protease than the human version, has goodoral bioavailability and may increase the bioavailability of other protease inhibitors.Ritonavir was able to increase the CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte count as well as reduceviral RNA. It is more potent than saqunavir and comparible in potency to zidovudineand lamivudine. View more+

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1. Names and Identifiers

: 1.1 Name; Ritonavir; 1.2 Synonyms; 1,3-THIAZOL-5-YLMETHANOL 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl n-[(2s,3s,5r)-3-hydroxy-5-[[(2s)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenyl-hexan-2-yl]carbamate 1,3-Thiazol-5-ylmethyl N-[(2S,3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethylN-[(2S,3S,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]amino]butanoyl]amino]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate 2,4,7,12-Tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid, 10-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1-[2-(1-methylethyl)-4-thiazolyl]-3,6-dioxo-8,11-bis(phenylmethyl)-, 5-thiazolylmethyl ester, (5S,8S,10S,11S)- 2,4,7,12-Tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid, 10-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1-[2-(1-methylethyl)-4-thiazolyl]-3,6-dioxo-8,11-bis(phenylmethyl)-, 5-thiazolylmethyl ester, [5S-(5R*,8R*,10R*,11R*)]- 2,4,7,12-Tetraazatridecan-13-oicacid,10-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1-[2-(1-methylethyl)-4-thiazolyl]-3,6-dioxo-8,11-bis(phenylmethyl)-,5-thiazolylmethyl ester, (5S,8S,10S,11S)- (9CI) 2,7,10,12-Tetraazatridecanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-12-methyl-9-(1-methylethyl)-13-[2-(1-methylethyl)-4-thiazolyl]-8,11-dioxo-3,6-bis(phenylmethyl)-, 5-thiazolylmethyl ester, (3S,4S,6S,9S)- A 84538 Abbott 84538 Abbott 84538, ABT-538,Ritonavir Abbott84538 ABT 538 Carbamic acid, N-[2-hydroxy-4-[[3-methyl-2-[[[methyl[[2-(1-methylethyl)-4-thiazolyl]methyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]-1-oxobutyl]amino]-5-phenyl-1-(phenylmethyl)pentyl]-, 5-thiazolylmethyl ester CHEMBRDG-BB 4050354 Empetus N-(4-Hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}-2-hexanyl)-N2-{[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl](methyl)carbamoyl}valinamide N-(4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl)-N2-(methyl{[2-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}carbamoyl)valinamide N-[3-hydroxy-5-[[3-methyl-2-[[[methyl-[(2-propan-2-yl-4-thiazolyl)methyl]amino]-oxomethyl]amino]-1-oxobutyl]amino]-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamic acid 5-thiazolylmethyl ester Norvir Novir NSC 693184 RARECHEM AL BD 1261 Ritomune Ritonavir for peak identification Ritovir RTV THIAZOL-5-YL-METHANOL Viriton; View all

1.3 CAS No.: 155213-67-5

1.4 CID: 392622

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 605-001-5

1.6 Molecular Formula: C37H48N6O5S2 (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/C37H48N6O5S2/c1-24(2)33(42-36(46)43(5)20-29-22-49-35(40-29)25(3)4)34(45)39-28(16-26-12-8-6-9-13-26)18-32(44)31(17-27-14-10-7-11-15-27)41-37(47)48-21-30-19-38-23-50-30/h6-15,19,22-25,28,31-33,44H,16-18,20-21H2,1-5H3,(H,39,45)(H,41,47)(H,42,46)/t28-,31-,32-,33-/m0/s1

1.8 InChIkey: NCDNCNXCDXHOMX-XGKFQTDJSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC(C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O

1.10 Isomers Smiles: CC(C)C1=NC(=CS1)CN(C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C[C@@H]([C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)OCC4=CN=CS4)O

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 1.239

2.1 Melting point: 120-122°C

2.1 Boiling point: 947 °C at 760 mmHg

2.1 Refractive index: 1.599

2.1 Flash Point: 526.6 °C

2.1 Precise Quality: 720.31300

2.1 PSA: 202.26000

2.1 logP: 7.07790

2.1 Solubility: DMSO: soluble10mg/mL (clear solution, warmed)

2.2 Appearance: white powder

2.3 Storage: -20°C Freezer

2.4 Chemical Properties: White or almost white powder.

2.5 Color/Form: Powder

2.6 Physical: Solid

2.7 pKa: 11.47±0.46(Predicted)

2.8 Water Solubility: Freely soluble in methanol and ethanol; soluble in isopropanol.
In water, 1.1X10-4 mg/L @ 25 deg C /Estimated/

2.9 StorageTemp: room temp

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Definition: ChEBI: An L-valine derivative that is an antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combinationwith dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.

3.2 GHS Classification: Signal: Warning
GHS Hazard Statements
Aggregated GHS information provided by 72 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

H302+H312+H332 (33.33%): Harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, oral; acute toxicity, dermal; acute toxicity, inhalation]
H302 (95.83%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]
H312 (34.72%): Harmful in contact with skin [Warning Acute toxicity, dermal]
H319 (66.67%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
H332 (34.72%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]
H351 (62.5%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]
H361 (59.72%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]

Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.

Precautionary Statement Codes
P201, P202, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P312, P322, P330, P337+P313, P363, P405, and P501; View all

3.3 Methods of Manufacturing: Preparation: ... D.J. Kempf et al, US 5541206 (1994, 1996 both to Abbott)

3.4 Usage: Protease inhibitor; antiviral (HIV).

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Symbol: GHS07;

4.1 Hazard Codes: Xi

4.1 Signal Word: Warning

4.1 Risk Statements: 36/38-20/21/22-41

4.1 Safety Statements: S26;S37/39

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations: The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl ritonavir, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

4.2 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: log Kow = 6.27 /Estimated/

4.3 Hazard Declaration: H302 + H312 + H332

4.3 DisposalMethods: SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

4.4 RIDADR: UN 1648 3 / PGII

4.4 Caution Statement: P280

4.4 Formulations/Preparations: Oral: Capsules, liquid-filled, 100 mg, Norvir Softgel (with alcohol and polyoxyl 35 castor oil), Abbott; Solution 80 mg/ml, Norvir (with alcohol polyoxyl 35 castor oil, and propylene glycol), Abbott

4.5 WGK Germany: 3

4.5 RTECS: XA5310000

4.5 Specification: ?Ritonavir , its cas register number is 155213-67-5. It also can be called Ritonavir [USAN] ;? 5-Thiazolylmethyl ((alphaS)-alpha-((1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-((2S)-2-(3-((2-isopropyl-4-thiazolyl)methyl)-3-methylureido)-3-methylbutyramido)-4-phenylbutyl)phenethyl)carbamate ;? 5-Thiazolylmethyl ((alphaS)-alpha-((1S,3S-1-hydroxy-3-((2S)-2-(3-((2-isopropyl-4-thiazolyl)methyl)-3-methylureido)-3-methylbutyramido)-4-phenylbutyl)phenethyl)carbamate ; 2,4,7,12-Tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid, 10-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1-(2-(1-methylethyl)-4-thiazolyl)-3,6-dioxo-8,11-bis(phenylmethyl)-, 5-thiazolylmethyl ester, (5S-(5R*,8R*,10R*,11R*))- .It is a?white powder.

4.6 Toxicity

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
mouse	LD	oral	> 2500mg/kg (2500mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA	Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 40, Pg. 2683, 1998.
mouse	LDLo	intravenous	65mg/kg (65mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA	Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 40, Pg. 2683, 1998.
rat	LD	oral	> 2500mg/kg (2500mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA	Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 40, Pg. 2683, 1998.
rat	LDLo	intravenous	35mg/kg (35mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA	Gekkan Yakuji. Pharmaceuticals Monthly. Vol. 40, Pg. 2683, 1998.

View all

5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

Eye irritation, Category 2

Carcinogenicity, Category 2

Reproductive toxicity, Category 2

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statement(s)	H302 Harmful if swallowed H319 Causes serious eye irritation H351 Suspected of causing cancer H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P201 Obtain special instructions before use. P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
Response	P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P308+P313 IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/ attention.
Storage	P405 Store locked up.
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

View all

6. NMR Spectrum

Predict 1H proton NMR

7. Synthesis Route

155213-67-5Total: 7 Synthesis Route

6306-52-1 301 Suppliers

155213-67-5 283 Suppliers

Literatures:
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, , vol. 41, # 4 p. 602 - 617
Yield: null

154212-60-9 66 Suppliers

155213-67-5 283 Suppliers

Literatures:
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, , vol. 41, # 4 p. 602 - 617
Yield: null

154248-99-4 10 Suppliers

155213-67-5 283 Suppliers

Literatures:
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, , vol. 41, # 4 p. 602 - 617
Yield: null

View all

8. Precursor and Product

precursor:

154212-60-9

6306-52-1

144164-11-4

144163-97-3

154248-99-4

154212-61-0

162537-10-2

224631-15-6

9. Other Information

9.0 Description: Ritonavir (brand name: Norvir) was launched in Germany, the UK and US for treatment of advanced HIV in combination with antiretroviral nucleoside analogs in a record 72 days by the FDA. It is an inhibitor of HIV aspartic protease which is critical in the processing of a propeptide into the gag, gag-pol gene products and the protease itself. This inhibition results in the release of non-infectous immature virus particles. It is greater than 500-fold more selective for viral aspartic protease than the human version, has good oral bioavailability and may increase the bioavailability of other protease inhibitors. Ritonavir was able to increase the CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte count as well as reduce viral RNA. It is more potent than saqunavir and comparible in potency to zidovudine and lamivudine.

9.1 Chemical Properties: Ritonavir is a white-to-light-tan powder with a bitter metallic taste. It is freely soluble in methanol and ethanol, soluble in isopropanol and practically insoluble in water. It is an inhibitor of HIV protease with activity against the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

9.2 Originator: Abbott (USA)

9.3 Definition: ChEBI: Ritonavir is an L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a HIV protease inhibitor, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a member of 1,3-thiazoles, a L-valine derivative, a carbamate ester, a member of ureas and a carboxamide.

9.4 Indications: Ritonavir is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children older than 1 month. Although Ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease, it is not well tolerated in higher doses. It is mainly used in low doses to increase blood levels of other protease inhibitors and to extend their dosing interval. Ritonavir is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal side effects, altered taste sensation, paresthesias, and hypertriglyceridemia than are other protease inhibitors. Pancreatitis may occur in the presence or absence of hypertriglyceridemia.

9.5 General Description: Ritonavir belongs to the group of protease inhibitors, which block the part of HIV called protease. Its mode of action involves binding to the protease active site and inhibiting the activity of the enzyme.

9.6 Biological Activity: Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor. It inhibits recombinant HIV-1 protease by 79% when used at a concentration of 0.5 nM. It inhibits HIV-1_3B-induced cell death in MT-4 human T cell leukemia cells (EC₅₀ = 25 nM) as well as cell death induced by HIV-1_LAI, HIV-2_ROD, and HIV-2_EHO in human MT-2 cells (IC₅₀s = 0.045, 0.13, and 0.24 μM, respectively). Ritonavir also inhibits the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP3A (IC₅₀ = 0.14 μM). It inhibits CYP-mediated oxidative metabolism of the HIV protease inhibitors saquinavir , indinavir , nelfinavir , and amprenavir in rat and human liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner. Ritonavir (10 mg/kg) also prevents decreases in plasma levels of these four compounds in rats. Formulations containing ritonavir have been used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

9.7 Biochem/physiol Actions: Ritonavir is an HIV protease inhibitor now used frequently as a booster of other protease inhbitors. Ritonavir inhibits cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4), a liver enzyme that normally metabolizes protease inhibitors. It has also been investigated as a possible anti-cancer agent.

9.8 Mechanism of action: Because of the strong CYP450-inhibiting effects of ritonavir, the drug has found value when used in fixed-dosage combinations with other PIs to block their metabolism and act as a booster for these drugs (lopinavir/ritonavir and tipranavir/ritonavir). In these cases, ritonavir is used in a subtherapeutic dose but boosts the effectiveness of the coadministered drug. The utilization of ritonavir in a therapeutic dose for treating HIV infections appears to be decreasing, but its utilization as a booster drug is finding favor.

9.9 Drug interactions: Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir has significant drug-drug interactions, primarily due to the ritonavir component of the combination. Boosting with ritonavir, which is a strong CYP3A inhibitor and a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, is required to increase the exposure of nirmatrelvir to a concentration that is effective against SARS-CoV-2. However, it may also increase concentrations of certain concomitant medications, thereby increasing the potential for serious and sometimes life-threatening drug toxicities. Additionally, ritonavir is an inhibitor, inducer, and substrate of various other drug-metabolizing enzymes and/or drug transporters.

9.10 Metabolism: Ritonavir is extensively metabolised in the liver mainly by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP3A4 and to a lesser extent by CYP2D6. Five metabolites have been identified and the major metabolite has antiviral activity, but concentrations in plasma are low.
About 86% of a dose is eliminated through the faeces (both as unchanged drug and as metabolites) and about 11% is excreted in the urine.

9.11 References: 1) Lea and Faulds (2018)?Ritonavir;?Drugs?52?541 2) Koudriakova?et al.?(1998)?Metabolism of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors Indinavir and Ritonavir by Human Intestinal Microsomes and Expressed Cytochrome P4503A4/3A5: Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P3503A by Ritonavir;?Drug Metab. Dispos.?26?552 3) Rock?et al.?(2014)?Characterization of Ritonavir-Mediated Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A4;?Mol. Pharmacol.?86?665

9.12 Merck: 14,8238

9.13 Chemical Properties: White or almost white powder.

9.14 Uses: Protease inhibitor; antiviral (HIV).

9.15 Uses: A selective HIV protease inhibitor

9.16 Definition: ChEBI: An L-valine derivative that is an antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.

9.17 Brand name: Norvir (Abbott).

9.18 Uses: Ritonivir is an HIV protease inhibitor (EC50 = 25 nM) that also inhibits CYP3A4, the primary cytochrome P450 isoform that metabolizes protease inhibitors. Through CYP3A4 inhibition, low doses of ritonivir can reduce the metabolism of concomitantly administered protease inhibitiors, enhancing their bioavailability and efficacy.[Cayman Chemical]

9.19 Antimicrobial activity: Ritonavir is active against HIV-1 and, to a lesser extent, HIV-2.

9.20 Clinical Use: Treatment of HIV infection in adults and children >1 month old (in combination with other antiretroviral agents)

10. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 720.948g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₃₇H₄₈N₆O₅S₂
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: 6
Exact Mass: 720.31276100
Monoisotopic Mass: 720.31276100
Complexity: 1040
Rotatable Bond Count: 18
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 9
Topological Polar Surface Area: 202
Heavy Atom Count: 50
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcfB/uABgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWLAAAAwYAAAAAAAAAAB9AAAHgQQCAAADTzl3ga/iZPIFgisAzV3XACC8KBxCjhI2J24bImKdDLgsTmcYAgulgL4qAeQwPAOAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

11. Question & Answer

What are the differences between Azvudine, Molnupiravir, and Paxlovid? Jan 09 2023
1. Antiviral Mechanism The novel coronavirus is composed of RNA and proteins. RNA is a nucleotide, and proteins and enzymes are peptides. Cytidine nucleosides are the raw materials for RNA synthesis. ..
Is Pfizer's oral medication Paxlovid effective in treating COVID-19? Jan 09 2023
Paxlovid, a Pfizer oral medication, is a combination drug consisting of two components: Nirmatavir and Ritonavir. Nirmatavir effectively blocks the replication of the novel coronavirus, while Ritonavi..
Is Ritonavir an Antiviral Drug? What are its Uses and Side Effects? Aug 03 2022
The drug activity value of Ritonavir is still very high. However, it is important to be cautious about the possibility of adverse reactions when using it. Additionally, we should not overlook the suit..
What diseases is Ritonavir suitable for? Apr 29 2022
The continuous development and progress of society have brought about a variety of drugs in our lives. Some of these drugs can improve the symptoms of diseases, while others can cause sub-health sympt..

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