Ruthenium dioxide
- Iupac Name：dioxoruthenium
- CAS No.: 12036-10-1
- Molecular Weight：133.07
- Modify Date.: 2022-11-22 18:44
- Introduction: Ruthenium dioxide/ Ruthenium (IV) oxide is a black/purple solid at room temperature that is used as an electro-catalyst in chlorine oxide, chlorine and oxygen-producing reactions. Ruthenium dioxide is made of a rutile crystal structure that resembles that of titanium oxide and other closely-linked metal oxides. Its structure enhances the formation of hydrates, and it also has a great potential to store charge when applied to aqueous solutions.
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1. Names and Identifiers
- 1.1 Name
- Ruthenium dioxide
- 1.2 Synonyms
Dioxoruthenium EINECS 234-840-6 MFCD00011210 Ruthenium dioxide anhydrous ruthenium(iv) oxide Ruthenium(IV) oxide,Ruthenium dioxide Ruthenium, dioxo-
- 1.3 CAS No.
- 12036-10-1
- 1.4 CID
- 82848
- 1.5 EINECS(EC#)
- 234-840-6
- 1.6 Molecular Formula
- O2Ru (isomer)
- 1.7 Inchi
- InChI=1S/2O.Ru
- 1.8 InChkey
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- 1.9 Canonical Smiles
- O=[Ru]=O
- 1.10 Isomers Smiles
- O=[Ru]=O
2. Properties
- 2.1 Density
- 6.97 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
- 2.1 Melting point
- 1200°C (subl.)
- 2.1 Boiling point
- °Cat760mmHg
- 2.1 Flash Point
- °C
- 2.1 Precise Quality
- 133.894211
- 2.1 PSA
- 34.14000
- 2.1 logP
- -0.23760
- 2.1 Appearance
- Black Powder
- 2.2 Storage
- Hygroscopic. Ambient temperatures.
- 2.3 Chemical Properties
- Dark Blue/Black Powder
- 2.4 Color/Form
- Black
- 2.5 Water Solubility
- H2O: insoluble
- 2.6 Stability
- Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions.
- 2.7 StorageTemp
- Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Do not store near combustible materials. Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Store protected from moisture.
3. Use and Manufacturing
- 3.1 Purification Methods
- Free the oxide from nitrates by boiling in distilled water and filtering. A more complete purification is based on fusion in a KOH/KNO3 mix to form the soluble ruthenate and perruthenate salts. The melt is dissolved in water, and filtered, then acetone is added to reduce the ruthenates to the insoluble hydrated oxide which, after making a slurry with paper pulp, is filtered and ignited in air to form the anhydrous oxide [Campbell et al. Anal Chem 33 58 1961]. Ruthenium dioxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Preparation Products
- 3.2 Usage
- Used as a catalyst in various industrial applications or an electrode in electrochemical processes.
4. Safety and Handling
- 4.1 Symbol
- GHS07
- 4.1 Hazard Codes
- Xi
- 4.1 Signal Word
- Warning
- 4.1 Risk Statements
- 36
- 4.1 Safety Statements
- 26-36-39
- 4.1 Packing Group
- I; II; III
- 4.1 Hazard Class
- 5.1
- 4.1 Hazard Declaration
- H319
- 4.1 RIDADR
- NONH for all modes of transport
- 4.1 Caution Statement
- P305 + P351 + P338
- 4.1 WGK Germany
- 2
- 4.1 RTECS
- VM2654000
- 4.1 Sensitive
- Hygroscopic
5. MSDS
2.Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 4
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) | No symbol. |
| Signal word | No signal word. |
| Hazard statement(s) | H413 May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | P273 Avoid release to the environment. |
| Response | none |
| Storage | none |
| Disposal | P501 Dispose of contents/container to ... |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
none
6. Other Information
- 6.0 Mesh Entry Terms
- RuO2 xH2O
- 6.1 Manufacturing Info
- Ruthenium oxide (RuO2): ACTIVE
- 6.2 Uses
- Ruthenium(IV) Oxide Anhydrous is a research reagent and applied for exfoliation of layered metal oxide nanosheets.
- 6.3 Usage
- The most often used oxygen catalyst is ruthenium(IV) oxide. It is applied as an electrochemical super capacitor material, and it has high capacity to store charge. RuO2 is used as catalyst in the Deacon process which produces chlorine through the oxidation of hydrogen chloride. Owing to the high charge transfer capability, it is used as active material in super capacitors. The dispersion property of RuO2 is used to increase the capacitance of nanocomposite electrode materials for supercapacitors. RuO2 is extensively used for the coating of titanium anodes, and as a catalyst and doping agent, for use in the removal of hydrogen sulfide from oil refineries.
- 6.4 Usage
- The most often used oxygen catalyst is ruthenium(IV) oxide. It is applied as an electrochemical super capacitor material, and it has high capacity to store charge. RuO2 is used as catalyst in the Deacon process which produces chlorine through the oxidation of hydrogen chloride. Owing to the high charge transfer capability, it is used as active material in super capacitors. The dispersion property of RuO2 is used to increase the capacitance of nanocomposite electrode materials for supercapacitors. It is extensively used for the coating of titanium anodes, and as a catalyst and doping agent, for use in the removal of hydrogen sulfide from oil refineries.
- 6.5 Description
- Ruthenium dioxide/ Ruthenium (IV) oxide is a black/purple solid at room temperature that is used as an electro-catalyst in chlorine oxide, chlorine and oxygen-producing reactions. Ruthenium dioxide is made of a rutile crystal structure that resembles that of titanium oxide and other closely-linked metal oxides. Its structure enhances the formation of hydrates, and it also has a great potential to store charge when applied to aqueous solutions.
- 6.6 Properties
- Ruthenium (IV) oxide (RuO2) has a molecular weight of 133.068 g/mol, a monoisotopic mass of 133.894 g/mol and an exact mass of 133.894 g/mol. It also has a heavy atom count of 3 and a complexity of 18.3. The compound is hygroscopic, and it should be stored in Nitrogen, at ambient temperatures. Ruthenium dioxide is soluble in acids, water and fused alkali. It is incompatible with organic solvents, aqua regia, acids, and oxidizers.
- 6.7 Applications
- Ruthenium dioxide is one of the primary oxygen catalysts used in a majority of chemical reactions such as the production of chlorine oxides. Ruthenium (IV) oxide is applied as an electrochemical supercapacitor agent as it has a high potential to store charge. Ruthenium dioxide is applied as a catalyst in the Deacon process where chlorine is produced through oxidation of hydrogen chloride. The high charge potential makes Ruthenium dioxide appropriate for use as an active agent in supercapacitors. The dispersion aspect of Ruthenium dioxide enhances the capacitance of nanocomposite electrode substances for supercapacitors.
Ruthenium dioxide is widely used as a doping agent, as a catalyst, and as a coating material for titanium anodes, for the elimination of hydrogen sulfide from oil refineries. Hydrogen sulfide can be divided by light in the presence of a photocatalyst-containing CdS crystals doped with Ruthenium (IV) oxide. The hydrogen obtained could be essential in the synthesis of methanol, ammonia and potentially fuel an economy driven by hydrogen.
- 6.8 Hazard Statements
- Ruthenium dioxide is a strong oxidizing agent hence it may cause explosions or fire. It may also cause acute eye irritation and when ingested, it may result in acute toxicity.
- 6.9 Chemical Properties
- Dark Blue/Black Powder
- 6.10 Purification Methods
- Free the oxide from nitrates by boiling in distilled water and filtering. A more complete purification is based on fusion in a KOH/KNO3 mix to form the soluble ruthenate and perruthenate salts. The melt is dissolved in water, and filtered, then acetone is added to reduce the ruthenates to the insoluble hydrated oxide which, after making a slurry with paper pulp, is filtered and ignited in air to form the anhydrous oxide [Campbell et al. Anal Chem 33 58 1961].
7. Computational chemical data
- Molecular Weight: 133.07g/mol
- Molecular Formula: O2Ru
- Compound Is Canonicalized: True
- XLogP3-AA: null
- Exact Mass: 133.894170
- Monoisotopic Mass: 133.894170
- Complexity: 18.3
- Rotatable Bond Count: 0
- Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
- Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
- Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.1
- Heavy Atom Count: 3
- Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Isotope Atom Count: 0
- Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
- CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcQAAMAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
8. Question & Answer
-
Ruthenium dioxide has the same crystal structure as rutile (titanium dioxide), and the metal atoms are in the same oxidation state. Yet ruthenium dioxide is a metal-like conductor (its resistivity is given by Miao et al. [ 1 ] as 40   μ Ω c m " style="position: relati...
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Introduction Ruthenium oxide (RuO2), as the name denotes, is an oxide of Ruthenium. It is also referred to as ruthenium (IV) oxide, dioxoruthenium, ruthenium dioxide, ruthenia and ruthenium (IV) dioxide [1]. Properties i.Highly insoluble [1] ii. Bears metallic conductivity [2] iii. Stable at higher...
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Ruthenium oxide (RuO2), as the name denotes, is an oxide of Ruthenium. It is also referred to as ruthenium (IV) oxide, dioxoruthenium, ruthenium dioxide, ruthenia and ruthenium (IV) dioxide [1]. Potential and proposed applications of RuO2 i. Electrochemical sensors It is reported that RuO2 is also ...
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