Sodium bicarbonate
- Iupac Name：sodium carbonate
- CAS No.: 144-55-8
- Molecular Weight：84.00661
- Modify Date.: 2022-11-05 05:24
- Introduction: Sodium bicarbonate, which is the compound commonly called baking soda, exists as a white,odorless, crystalline solid. It occurs naturally as the mineral nahcolite, which derives its namefrom its chemical formula by replacing the “3” in NaHCO3 with the ending “lite.” The world’smain source of nahcolite is the Piceance Creek Basin in western Colorado, which is part ofthe larger Green River formation. Sodium bicarbonate is extracted using solution mining bypumping hot water through injection wells to dissolve the nahcolite from the Eocene bedswhere it occurs 1,500 to 2,000 feet below the surface. The dissolved sodium bicarbonate ispumped to the surface where it is treated to recover NaHCO3 from solution. Sodium bicarbonatecan also be produced from the trona deposits, which is a source of sodium carbonates(see Sodium Carbonate).
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1. Names and Identifiers
- 1.1 Name
- Sodium bicarbonate
- 1.2 Synonyms
bicarbonate of soda Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonic acid monosodium salt Carbonic acid sodium salt Carbonic acid, monosodium salt Carbonic acid, sodium salt (1:1) Hydrogen Carbonate, Sodium NaHCO3 Natrium Bicarbonate Natrium bicarbonicum Natrium hydrogencarbonicum sobatum sodium acid carbonate Sodium bicarbonate (JP15/USP) Sodium bicarbonate Manufacturer SODIUM BICARBONATE PWD Sodium bicarbonate standard solution Sodium bicarbonate test solution(ChP) Sodium hydrocarbonate Sodium hydrogen carbonate sodium hydrogencarbonate Sodium hydrogenocarbonate
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- 1.3 CAS No.
- 144-55-8
- 1.4 CID
- 516892
- 1.5 EINECS(EC#)
- 205-633-8
- 1.6 Molecular Formula
- CHNaO3 (isomer)
- 1.7 Inchi
- InChI=1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
- 1.8 InChIkey
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
- 1.9 Canonical Smiles
- C(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+]
- 1.10 Isomers Smiles
- C(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+]
2. Properties
- 2.1 Density
- 2.159
- 2.1 Melting point
- 270℃
- 2.1 Boiling point
- 851℃
- 2.1 Refractive index
- 1.500
- 2.1 Flash Point
- 169.8 °C
- 2.1 Precise Quality
- 83.98230
- 2.1 PSA
- 60.36000
- 2.1 logP
- -1.11230
- 2.1 Solubility
- 9 g/100 mL (20 oC)
- 2.2 Appearance
- white powder or crystals
- 2.3 Storage
- Ambient temperatures.
- 2.4 Chemical Properties
- Sodium bicarbonate, NaHC03, also known as sodium acid carbonate and baking soda, is a white water-soluble crystalline solid.It has an alkaline taste, loses carbon dioxide at 270°C (518 °F).and is used in food preparation. Sodium bicarbonate also finds use as a medicine,a butter preservative, in ceramics,and to prevent timber mold.
- 2.5 Color/Form
- White, monoclinic prisms
White crystalline powder or granules
- 2.6 Decomposition
- Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxides, sodium oxides.
- 2.7 Odor
- Odorless
- 2.8 PH
- Between 8,0 and 8,6 (1?% solution)
- 2.9 pKa
- (1) 6.37, (2) 10.25 (carbonic (at 25℃)
- 2.10 Water Solubility
- 9 g/100 mL (20 oC)
- 2.11 Spectral Properties
- INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.500
- 2.12 Stability
- Stable.
- 2.13 StorageTemp
- 2-8°C
3. Use and Manufacturing
- 3.1 Definition
- Baking soda: A white solid formed either by passing an excessof carbon dioxide through sodium carbonateor hydroxide solution, or byprecipitation when cold concentrated solutionsof sodium chloride and ammoniumhydrogencarbonate are mixed. Sodium hydrogencarbonatedecomposes on heatingto give sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide,and water. With dilute acids, it yields carbondioxide. It is used as a constituent ofbaking powder, in effervescent beverages,and in fire extinguishers. Its aqueous solutionsare alkaline as a result of salt hydrolysis.Sodium hydrogencarbonate formsmonoclinic crystals.
- 3.2 Purification Methods
- Crystallise it from hot water (6mL/g). The solid should not be heated above 40o due to the formation of carbonate.
- 3.3 Usage
-
In manufacture of many sodium salts, source of carbon dioxide, in effervescent salts, beverages, cleaning compound.
4. Safety and Handling
- 4.1 Risk Statements
- S24/25
- 4.1 Safety Statements
- S24/25
- 4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations
- Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: sodium bicarbonate is included in digestive aid drug products.
Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: sodium bicarbonate is included in weight control drug products.
Sodium bicarbonate used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.
The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl sodium bicarbonate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. - View all
- 4.2 Packing Group
- Z01
- 4.2 Fire Hazard
- Literature sources indicate that Sodium bicarbonate is noncombustible.
- 4.3 Cleanup Methods
- Sweep spilled substance into containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.
- 4.4 DisposalMethods
- SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
- 4.5 RIDADR
- 无资料?
- 4.5 Fire Fighting Procedures
- In case of fire in the surroundings: use appropriate extinguishing media.
- 4.6 FirePotential
- Not combustible.
- 4.7 Safety Profile
- Low toxicity by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. A nuisance dust. Human systemic effects: changes in potassium levels, increased urine volume, metabolic acidosis, nausea or vomiting, respiratory changes, sodium level changes. Mutation data reported.
- 4.8 Formulations/Preparations
- Baking powders in commercial use normally contain sufficient soda and the /leavening/ acid to neutralize it in order to yield not less than 12% of their weight as carbon dioxide when used.
The bicarbonate of commerce is about 99.8% pure.
High purity commercial grades /for veterinary use/ comtain about 27.3% sodium.
Commercial grades include U.S.P. and food grade; animal feed and industrial grade
Sodium bicarbonate /present in/: Arm & Hammer Carpet Deodorizer and Arm & Hammer Cat Litter Deodorizer.
ACS reagent, hemodialysis food grades 1, 2, 4, 3, 3DF, S, and, ITFF; USP and FCC grades
Parenteral: Solution, sterile, to adjust pH of injections: 4% (0.48 mEq/mL) (2.4 mEq) Neut ( with edetate disodium), (Hospira); 4.2% (0.5 mEq/mL) (2.5 mEq) Sodium Bicarbonate Additive Solution, (American Pharmaceutical Partners).
Parenteral: Injection, for preparation of IV admixtures: 7.5% (0.892 mEq/mL) (178.4 mEq) pharmacy bulk package Sodium Bicarbonate Injection MaxiVial, (American Pharmaceutical Partners).
Parenteral: Injection: 4.2% (0.5 mEq/mL) (2.5 or 5 mEq) Sodium Bicarbonate Injection,( American Pharmaceutical, Hospira); 5% (0.595 mEq/mL) (297.5 mEq) Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, (Baxter, Hospira); 7.5% (0.892 mEq/mL) (8.92 or 44.6 mEq) Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, (American Pharmaceutical Partners, American Regent, Hospira); 8.4% (1 mEq/mL) (10 or 50 mEq) Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, (American Pharmaceutical Partners, American Regent, Hospira).
Oral: Powder: Arm & Hammer Baking Soda, (Church & Dwight); Tablets: 325 mg Soda Mint ( with peppermint oil), (CMC), Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets,( CMC), Sodium Bicarbonate Tablets, (Rugby); 650 mg (available by nonproprietary name). - View all
- 4.9 Incompatibilities
- Sodium bicarbonate reacts with acids, acidic salts, and manyalkaloidal salts, with the evolution of carbon dioxide. Sodiumbicarbonate can also intensify the darkening of salicylates.In powder mixtures, atmospheric moisture or water of crystallizationfrom another ingredient is sufficient for sodium bicarbonateto react with compounds such as boric acid or alum. In liquidmixtures containing bismuth subnitrate, sodium bicarbonate reactswith the acid formed by hydrolysis of the bismuth salt.In solution, sodium bicarbonate has been reported to beincompatible with many drug substances such as ciprofloxacin, amiodarone, nicardipine, and levofloxacin.
- 4.10 WGK Germany
- 1
- 4.10 RTECS
- VZ0950000
- 4.10 Protective Equipment and Clothing
- The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes.
- 4.11 Reactivities and Incompatibilities
- A mixture /of sodium hydrogen carbonate, carbon and water/ was being stirred and steam heated when power failure interrupted stirring, and heating was turned off for a hour before power was restored. When stirring was restarted, the hot contents of the pan erupted immediately. Carbon dioxide is evolved from warm aqueous solutions of the base, and absence of stirring and presence of the carbon adsorbent would lead to non-equilibrium retention of the gas, which would be released instantaneously on stirring.
Several cases of spontaneous ignition after exposure to air of fine coke particles removed from filter strainers on a petroleum refinery furfural extraction unit have been noted. This has been associated with the use of sodium hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) injected into the plant for pH control, which produced a pH of 10.5 locally. This would tend to resinify the aldehyde, but there is also the possibility of a Cannizzaro reaction causing conversion of the aldehyde to furfuryl alcohol and furoic acid. The latter, together with other acidic products of autoxidation of the aldehyde, would tend to resinify the furfuryl alcohol. Pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) showed the presence of a significant proportion of furfuryl alcohol-derived resins in the coke. The latter is now discarded into drums of water, immediately after discharge from the strainers, to prevent further incidents. /2-Furaldehyde (Furfural): sodium hydrogen carbonate/
A self-propagating reaction can occur when ... sodium bicarbonate- ... based dry chemical extinguishing agent is mixed with monoammonium phosphate dry chemical extinguishing agent. Moisture will accelerate reaction. Products are water, ammonia, carbon dioxide and various solid substances. In a fire extinguisher the pressure developed will blow out the valve.
Sodium-potassium alloy undergoes a violent reaction with certain extinguishing agents: water, sodium bicarbonate, carbon tetrachloride. /Sodium-potassium alloy: water/ - View all
- 4.12 Report
-
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
- 4.13 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations
- The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes.
- 4.14 Safety
-
Safety Statements of Sodium bicarbonate (CAS NO.144-55-8): 24/25?
S24/25: Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: VZ0950000
HS Code: 28363000
Low toxicity by ingestion. An experimental teratogen. A nuisance dust. Human systemic effects: changes in potassium levels, increased urine volume, metabolic acidosis, nausea or vomiting, respiratory changes, sodium level changes. Mutation data reported.
- 4.15 Toxicity
- ORL-RAT LD50 4220 mg kg-1, ORL-MUS LD50 3360 mg kg-1
5. MSDS
2.Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Not classified.
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) | No symbol. |
| Signal word | No signal word. |
| Hazard statement(s) | none |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | none |
| Response | none |
| Storage | none |
| Disposal | none |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
none
7. Synthesis Route
144-55-8Total: 6 Synthesis Route
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Literatures:
Biochemische Zeitschrift, , vol. 21, p. 131
Biochemische Zeitschrift, , vol. 22, p. 352
Veroeff. Reichsgesundheitsamts, , vol. 38, p. 261 - 261
Veroeff. Reichsgesundheitsamts, , vol. 38, p. 269 - 269
Veroeff. Reichsgesundheitsamts, , vol. 38, p. 270 - 270
Veroeff. Reichsgesundheitsamts, , vol. 38, p. 273 - 273
Z. phys. Ch., , vol. 35, p. 23 - 23
American Chemical Journal, , vol. 29, p. 452 - 452
American Chemical Journal, , vol. 29, p. 453 - 453
American Chemical Journal, , vol. 29, p. 455 - 455
Journal of the American Chemical Society, , vol. 37, p. 2268 - 2268
Z. phys. Ch., , vol. 89, p. 61 - 61
Journal of the American Chemical Society, , vol. 38, p. 954 - 954
Z. phys. Ch., , vol. 33, p. 173 - 173
Z. phys. Ch., , vol. 100, p. 288 - 288
Z. phys. Ch., , vol. 100, p. 294 - 294
Z. phys. Ch., , vol. 51, p. 484 - 484
Kolloidchem. Beih., , vol. 25, p. 423 - 423
Journal of the Chemical Society, , vol. 111, p. 144 - 144
Journal of the Chemical Society, , vol. 111, p. 154 - 154
Z. phys. Ch., , vol. 12, p. 174 - 174
Biochemische Zeitschrift, , vol. 21, p. 184 - 184
Journal of the Chemical Society, , vol. 77, p. 10 - 10
Na: MVol., 268, page 742 - 750
Yield: null
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8. Other Information
- 8.0 Usage
- Sodium bicarbonate acts a weak buffer with that makes maintaining a pH range of 7.2 - 7.6. It is also used as a nutrient source. This solution prepared in water is used as injection in Pharmaceutical industry.is used to treat cement contamination ins hore pac drilling slurry and bentonite water based drilling fluids.It is also used as a buffer. Sodium bicarbonate will remove calcium and manganese making hard water soft.
- 8.1 Usage
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as a laboratory chemical, a leavening agent, a neutralizer, as an active component in fire extinguishers, as a source of carbon dioxide and as a pH balancer in pools, as a cattle feed supplement and in spas and garden ponds. It is utilized for paint and corrosion removal, in baking powder, as a mild abrasive and a cleaning compound. In the field of medicine, it is used as an antacid to treat acid indigestion and heartburn.
- 8.2 Usage
- The bicarbonate buffering system is important in many different cellular processes. It is also used in the formation of acid in the lumen on the stomach. Used to neutralize the pH of the chyme leaving the stomach and entering the small intestine. It is also used to maintain pH in serum samples.
- 8.3 Usage
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as a laboratory chemical, a leavening agent, a neutralizer, as an active component in fire extinguishers, as a source of carbon dioxide and pH balancer in pools, as a cattle feed supplement and in spas and garden ponds. It is utilized for paint and corrosion removal, baking powder, as a mild abrasive and in cleaning compounds. In the field of medicine, it is used as an antacid to treat acid indigestion and heartburn.
- 8.4 Usage
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used in a process for removing paint and corrosion called sodablasting; the process is particularly suitable for cleaning aluminum panels which can be distorted by other types of abrasive. It can be administered to pools, spas, and garden ponds to raise pH levels. Also can be used as a fire extinguisher. Its primary use is in cooking (baking), as a leavening agent.
9. Computational chemical data
- Molecular Weight: 84.00661g/mol
- Molecular Formula: CHNaO3
- Compound Is Canonicalized: True
- XLogP3-AA: null
- Exact Mass: 83.98233817
- Monoisotopic Mass: 83.98233817
- Complexity: 33.9
- Rotatable Bond Count: 0
- Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
- Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
- Topological Polar Surface Area: 60.4
- Heavy Atom Count: 5
- Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Isotope Atom Count: 0
- Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
- CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcQAAMCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAACAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAgAIAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
10. Question & Answer
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Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a common inorganic compound widely used in food processing, pharmaceuticals, environmental protection, and chemical experiments. Solubility refers to the maximum amount ..
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Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda or sodium hydrogen carbonate, is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and produces carbon dioxide in acidic solutions. It has multiple uses ..
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Sodium bicarbonate and edible alkali are common chemical substances that have a wide range of applications in food, cleaning, and medical fields. Although both are alkaline substances, they have signi..
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Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is a common chemical substance widely used in food processing, medical, and cleaning industries. In our daily lives, we often use sodium bicarbonate to c..
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