Sodium thiosulfate

1.1 Name

Sodium thiosulfate

1.2 Synonyms

ANTICHLOR BETZ 0235 DECHLORINATING SOLUTION disodium,dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-Λ6-sulfane EINECS 231-867-5 HYPO 'HYPO' MFCD00003499 SODIUM HYPOSULFITE SODIUM THIOSULFATE, 2.00 N

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1.3 CAS No.

7772-98-7

1.4 CID

24477

1.5 EINECS(EC#)

231-867-5

1.6 Molecular Formula

Na2O3S2 (isomer)

1.7 Inchi

InChI=1S/2Na.H2O3S2/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2

1.8 InChIkey

AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L

1.9 Canonical Smiles

[O-]S(=O)(=S)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

1.10 Isomers Smiles

[O-]S(=O)(=S)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

2.1 Density

1.01 g/mL at 25℃

2.1 Melting point

48℃

2.1 Boiling point

100℃

2.1 Refractive index

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.489 ALPHA, 1.508 BETA, 1.536 GAMMA; OPTIC SIGN +

2.1 Precise Quality

157.90800

2.1 PSA

103.66000

2.1 logP

0.50980

2.1 Solubility

Immiscible with alcohol.

2.2 Appearance

colourless crystals or white powder

2.3 Storage

Ambient temperatures.

2.4 Color/Form

POWDER|COLORLESS MONOCLINIC CRYSTALS

2.5 Decomposition

DANGEROUS; WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, THEY EMIT HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF /DISODIUM OXIDE AND SULFUR OXIDES/.

2.6 PH

6.0-8.5 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)

2.7 Water Solubility

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 20.9

2.8 Spectral Properties

Index of refraction: 1.489 ALPHA, 1.508 BETA, 1.536 GAMMA; OPTIC SIGN +

2.9 Stability

Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, iodine, mercury.

2.10 StorageTemp

Store at +5°C to +30°C.

3.1 Definition

ChEBI: An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.

3.2 Methods of Manufacturing

Sodium sulfite can be prepared in lab by reacting sodium hydroxide solution with sulfur dioxide gas:
2 NaOH + SO2 → Na2SO3 + H2O
Evolution of SO2 by adding few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid will indicate if sodium hydroxide is nearly gone, turned to aqueous sodium sulfite:
Na2SO3 + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + SO2 + H2O
Sodium sulfite is made industrially by reacting sulfur dioxide with a solution of sodium carbonate. The initial combination generates sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), which is converted to the sulfite by reaction with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
The overall reaction is:
SO2 + Na2CO3 → Na2SO3 + CO2

3.3 Usage

1. Sodium thiosulfate is Used in manufacture of the fixing powder and preparation of the photographic industry fixer, desiccant. Used as a reducing agent of dichromate in leather tanning industry.2. Sodium thiosulfate is an important inorganic chemical raw material. It can be used in the synthesis of pesticides Bisultap, Thiosultap disodium, CARTAP and so on.3. Used as analytical reagents, mordant and fixer.4. Used as new insecticides, with stomach poisoning, uptake and contact action effects, it can prevent and treat rice yellow stem borer, stem borer, leaf roller, rice thrips and vegetables, fruit pests.5. With uptake and strong contact, stomach poisoning effects, it can prevent and treat various rice pests and vegetables, fruit pests.6. Used as the chlorine removal agent for Pulp and cotton fabric bleached, as chelating agents, anti-oxidants in the food industry, as detergents, disinfectants in the pharmaceutical industry.7. Used as chelating agents, antioxidants, anti-browning agent, as the dechlorination agent of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (or chlortetracycline) chilled with ice, dechlorination reaction is as follows:More chlorine content will cause side reactions of free sulfur, so only used for very dilute concentrations of chlorine.Used as salt chelating agent, limited content is 0.1% or less.

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4.1 Hazard Codes

Xi

4.1 Risk Statements

R36/37/38

4.1 Safety Statements

S24/25

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations

121.101; limitations: GRAS, sequestrant in salt up to 0.1%

4.2 Hazard Declaration

H315

4.2 RIDADR

NONH for all modes of transport

4.2 Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by subcutaneous route. Incompatible with metal nitrates, sodium nitrite. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Na2O and SOx. See also SODIUM THIOSULFATE and SODIUM THIOSULFATE, PENTAHYDRATE.

4.3 Caution Statement

P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501

4.3 Formulations/Preparations

Grades: Technical; Crystals; granulated; photographic; C.P.; U.S.P.; F.C.C.

4.4 WGK Germany

1

4.4 RTECS

XN6476000

4.4 Report

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

4.5 Safety

Moderately toxic by subcutaneous route. Incompatible with metal nitrates, sodium nitrite. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Na₂O and SOx. See also Sodium thiosulfate and Sodium thiosulfate, Pentahydrate.
Hazard Codes: Xi
Risk Statements: 36/37/38
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Statements: 24/25-23-36-26
S23:Do not breathe vapour.
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing.
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: XN6476000
F: 3
Hazardous Substances Data: 7772-98-7

4.6 Sensitive

Hygroscopic

4.7 Specification

Sodium thiosulfate , its CAS NO. is 7772-98-7, the synonyms are Sodium hyposulfite ; Sodium subsulfite.

4.8 Toxicity

?Non-toxic

6.0 Merck

14,8694

6.1 Description

Sodium thiosulfate is a commonly used chemical material, as the fixing agent in photography, film and printing plate-making industry, as a reducing agent used in tanning. It is used as a bleaching agent for removing residual and a mordant in the paper and textile industries, as antidotes of cyanide poisoning in medicine, as dechlorination agent and fungicides of drinking water and wastewater in water treatment, as a copper corrosion inhibitor of circulating cooling water and a deoxidizer of boiler water systems. It is also used for Cyanide wastewater treatment. Soda ash and sulfur are generally used as raw materials in industry, soda ash reacts with sulfur dioxide produced by the combustion of sulfur to produce sodium sulfite, then add sulfur for boiling reactions, and then filter, bleach, concentrate and crystallize, etc, can obtain sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate. Other production waste containing sodium sulfide, sodium sulfite, sulfur and sodium hydroxide can also be used, after appropriate treatment to get the product.

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6.2 Physical properties

Sodium thiosulfate has two forms as anhydrous sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (Na2S2O3 · 5H2O), the latter is also known as soda and Hyperion. A molecular weight is 158.11 and 248.18 respectively. Anhydrous sodium thiosulfate is an opaque crystalline powder. The relative density is 1.667. It is odorless, salty taste, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol. It decomposes in acidic solution, has a strong reduction, easily absorbs moisture. Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate is odorless, colorless and transparent monoclinic crystals or granules. The relative density is 1.685. The melting point is 48 ℃. It loses all crystal water at 100 ℃, and decomposes above 100 ℃. It is easily weathered in dry and hot air, slightly deliquescence in the hot and humid air. It is soluble in water and turpentine, insoluble in ethanol, decomposes in case of strong acid. Prolonged exposure in the air, it is easily oxidated and carbonized by oxygen and carbon dioxide.

6.3 Chemical Properties

It is colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder, Odorless, salty ignorant. The relative density is 1.667. Soluble in water, the solubility is 231 g/100 ml of water at 100 ℃. Insoluble in alcohol. deliquescence easily in air. With a strong reductibility, decomposition in acidic solution.

6.4 Reactions

With reductibility, sodium thiosulfate is a medium strength reducing agent, for example, can be oxidated by chlorine:
Na2S2O3 + 4Cl2 + 5H2O = Na2SO4 + H2SO4 + 8HCl
this reaction is used in textile and paper industries, and sodium thiosulfate is used as dechlorination agent. Again, it can be oxidized to sodium tetrathionate by iodine:
Na2S2O3 + I2 = Na2S4O6 + 2Nal
this reaction is used in analytical chemistry for quantitative determination of iodine.
It is also used in tanning, extracts silver from the ore and so on. Since there are different oxidation states of sulfur in sodium thiosulfate molecule, it is stable in alkaline medium, unstable an acidic medium, oxidation-reduction reaction occurs when acidification, separate out sulfur:
Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + H2S2O3 H2S2O3 = H2SO3 + S H2SO3 = H2O + S02.
With coordination, thiosulfate ions can form stable complexes with certain metal ions, for example, silver bromide can be dissolved in an aqueous solution of hypo to produce stable [Ag (S2O3) 2] 3-complex ions:
AgBr + 2Na2S2O3 = Na3 [Ag (S2O3) 2] + NaBr, so it is commonly used as a photographic fixing bath. Sodium sulfite and sulfur are boiled, and then filtration, evaporation, crystallization to prepare sodium thiosulfate.

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6.5 Uses

1. Sodium thiosulfate is Used in manufacture of the fixing powder and preparation of the photographic industry fixer, desiccant. Used as a reducing agent of dichromate in leather tanning industry.
2. Sodium thiosulfate is an important inorganic chemical raw material. It can be used in the synthesis of pesticides Bisultap, Thiosultap disodium, CARTAP and so on.
3. Used as analytical reagents, mordant and fixer.
4. Used as new insecticides, with stomach poisoning, uptake and contact action effects, it can prevent and treat rice yellow stem borer, stem borer, leaf roller, rice thrips and vegetables, fruit pests.
5. With uptake and strong contact, stomach poisoning effects, it can prevent and treat various rice pests and vegetables, fruit pests.
6. Used as the chlorine removal agent for Pulp and cotton fabric bleached, as chelating agents, anti-oxidants in the food industry, as detergents, disinfectants in the pharmaceutical industry.
7. Used as chelating agents, antioxidants, anti-browning agent, as the dechlorination agent of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (or chlortetracycline) chilled with ice, dechlorination reaction is as follows:
More chlorine content will cause side reactions of free sulfur, so only used for very dilute concentrations of chlorine.
Used as salt chelating agent, limited content is 0.1% or less.

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6.6 Preparation

Sodium thiosulphate is an important chemical commodity that is known to photographers as "hypo". It can be prepared by the reaction of sodium sulphite and the bisulphite with H2S:
2Na2S03 + 2NaHS03 + 2H2S -> 3Na2S203 + 3H20
It can also be prepared by the reaction of sulphur with sodium sulphite above 60 °C
Na2SO3 + S -> Na2S2O3 and by the reaction of H2S and permanganate.
Sodium thiosulphate decomposes at 310°C to form sulphur and Na2S03 , and at 400°C to form Na2S4 and Na2S. It absorbs S02 to form free sulphur and Na2S04 . Sodium thiosulphate forms many hydrates and their solubility relationships are quite complex.

6.7 Production method

1. It is generated by heat of a solution of sodium sulfite and sulfur powder.
2. There are more synthesis methods of sodium thiosulfate, such as sodium sulfite method, sodium sulfide method and so on.
Sodium sulfite method
Soda solution reacts with sulfur dioxide gas, and caustic soda was added, adding sodium sulfide to remove impurities by filtration, and then sulfur powder was dissolved in a hot solution of sodium sulfite to react, filter, remove impurities, and then filter repeatedly, add caustic alkali to process, through concentration, filtration, crystallization, centrifugal dewatering, screening, to obtain the finished product of sodium thiosulfate. Reaction equation: Na2CO3 + SO2 = Na2SO3 + CO2 ↑
Na2SO3 + S + 5H2O = Na2S2O3 · 5H20
Sodium sulfide method
A raw material liquid formulated from sodium sulfide evaporation residue, barium sulfide wastewater (containing sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide) reacts with sulfur dioxide, sulfur powder was added after clarification, heated to react, evaporation, cooling crystallization, washing, separation, screening to obtain sulfur thiosulfate products. Reaction equation: 2Na2S + Na2CO3 + 4SO2 = 3Na2S2O3 + CO2 ↑
2Na2S + 3Na2CO3 + 6SO2 + 2S = 5Na2S2O3 + 3CO2 ↑
3. Dehydration method is that heat sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate crystalline indirect with steam, it dissolves into itself crystal water, concentration, centrifugal dewatering, drying, screening, to obtain the finished product of anhydrous sodium thiosulfate.
Na2S2O3 · 5H20 → Na2S2O3 + 5H2O

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6.8 Chemical Properties

Sodium thiosulfate, Na2S203·5H20, also known as sodium hyposulfite, hypo,andsodium subsulfite, is a white crystalline solid that has a melting point of 48 °C(118 °F). Water soluble,it is used as a fixing agent for photographic films, plates, and papers. Sodium thiosulfate is used in medicine, as a germicide, in manufacturing leather, as a mordant in dyeing, and for extracting silver from ore.

6.9 Storage Conditions

Sodium sulfite can be prepared in lab by reacting sodium hydroxide solution with sulfur dioxide gas:
2 NaOH + SO2 → Na2SO3 + H2O
Evolution of SO2 by adding few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid will indicate if sodium hydroxide is nearly gone, turned to aqueous sodium sulfite:
Na2SO3 + 2 HCl → 2 NaCl + SO2 + H2O
Sodium sulfite is made industrially by reacting sulfur dioxide with a solution of sodium carbonate. The initial combination generates sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), which is converted to the sulfite by reaction with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate.
The overall reaction is:
SO2 + Na2CO3 → Na2SO3 + CO2

6.10 Storage features

Separated from strong oxidants.

6.11 FDA Requirements

121.101; LIMITATIONS: GRAS, SEQUESTRANT IN SALT UP TO 0.1%

6.12 Fire Hazards

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Risk of explosion on contact with oxidizing agents.

6.13 Spillage Disposal

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

6.14 Inhalation Risk

A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

6.15 Fire Prevention

NO contact with oxidizing agents.

6.16 Inhalation Prevention

Avoid inhalation of dust.

6.17 Eye Pprevention

Wear safety goggles.

6.18 Therapeutic Uses

Antidotes; Antitubercular Agents; Antioxidants; Chelating Agents|SODIUM THIOSULFATE, USP, IS INTENDED FOR PARENTERAL USE IN TREATMENT OF CYANIDE POISONING, BUT IT MAY BE APPLIED TO SKIN IN VARIOUS FORMS. CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS CAUSED BY STAPH AUREUS & STAPH EPIDERMIDIS MAY RESPOND TO CONCN AS LOW AS 0.5%. CONCN OF 2-8%...USED TO TREAT ACNE; THEY ARE ALSO ANTIFUNGAL.|/SODIUM THIOSULFATE USP/...IS USEFUL IN TOPICAL TREATMENT OF TINEA VERSICOLOR, TINEA CRURIS, & POSSIBLY MOST OTHER DERMATOPHYTOSES.|MEDICATION (VET): IN CYANIDE POISONING; HAS BEEN USED...EXTERNALLY IN RINGWORM, MANGE.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for SODIUM THIOSULFATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

6.19 Drug Warnings

PHYSICALLY INCOMPATIBLE WITH IV CALCIUM SALTS.

6.20 Mesh

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues. (See all compounds classified as Antioxidants.)|Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy. (See all compounds classified as Antitubercular Agents.)|Chemicals that bind to and remove ions from solutions. Many chelating agents function through the formation of COORDINATION COMPLEXES with METALS. (See all compounds classified as Chelating Agents.)|Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS. (See all compounds classified as Antidotes.)

6.21 Absorption

POORLY ABSORBED FROM BOWEL. ... THIOSULFATE ION DISTRIBUTES ITSELF IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.

6.22 First Aid

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

6.23 Human Toxicity Excerpts

REMARKABLY INERT IN VIVO, EXCEPT FOR OSMOTIC DISTURBANCES. ... ACTS AS OSMOTIC CATHARTIC.

6.24 Mesh Entry Terms

pentahydrate of sodium thiosulfate

6.25 Symptoms

Redness.

6.26 Production

100,000,000 - 250,000,000 lb|(1972) 1.96X10+10 GRAMS|(1975) 1.7X10+10 GRAMS|(1985) 2.04X10+11 g (est) /pentahydrate/

6.27 Consumption Patterns

90% FOR PHOTOGRAPHY; 5% FOR LEATHER TANNING; 5% FOR CHEMICALS AND MISC APPLICATIONS (1969)|Photographic, 25%; Anitchlor: Paper-25%, Water-20%, Chlor/Alkali-10%; Oil Well Drilling Muds, 10%; Tetramethyl Lead Manufacture, 5%; Other, 5% (1985)

6.28 Formulations

Grades: Technical; Crystals; granulated; photographic; C.P.; U.S.P.; F.C.C.

6.29 Manufacturing Info

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Thiosulfuric acid (H2S2O3), sodium salt (1:2): ACTIVE|INCOMP: ACIDS DECOMP /IT/...WITH...PPTN /OF SULFUR & LIBERATION OF SO2/. IN ACID SOLN.../IT/ HAS REDUCING POWERS, & IS THEREFORE INCOMPATIBLE WITH OXIDIZING AGENTS. LEAD, SILVER & MERCUROUS SALTS PPT AS THIOSULFATES. SILVER HALIDES ARE MADE SOL BY.../IT/. BISMUTH SUBNITRATE IS PARTIALLY CONVERTED TO METALLIC BISMUTH.|SODIUM THIOSULFATE IS ONE OF INGREDIENTS WHICH MAY BE FOUND IN CHEMISTRY SETS. /FROM TABLE/

6.30 Use Classification

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern|Human drugs -> Rare disease (orphan)|Human Drugs -> EU pediatric investigation plans|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Cosmetics -> Reducing

6.31 Physical properties

Anhydrous thiosulfate is a white powder; soluble in water; insoluble in ethanol.
Sodium pentahydrate is a colorless, odorless, crystalline solid; density 1.69 g/cm³; decomposes around 50°C; effloresces in dry air above 33°C; very soluble in water and oil of turpentine; insoluble in ethanol.

6.32 Uses

Sodium thiosulfate is a common analytical reagent used in iodometric titration to analyze chlorine, bromine, and sulfide. Other uses are in bleaching paper pulp, bleaching straw, ivory, and bones, for removing chlorine from solutions, silver extraction from its ores, a mordant in dyeing and printing textiles, and as an antidote to cyanide poisoning.
Another major application is in photography, where it is used as a fixer to dissolve unchanged silver salts from exposed negatives.
Sodium Thiosulfate is used primarily as a medicament against cyanide poisoning, able to convert cyanide into thiocyanate, a reaction which is catalyzed by the enzyme Rhodanese. Antioxidant.

6.33 Uses

Sodium Thiosulfate is a sequestrant, antioxidant, and formulation aid that is a powder soluble in water. it can be used in alcoholic bev- erages at 5 ppm and in table salt at 0.1%. it is also termed sodium hyposulfite.

6.34 Uses

Sodium thiosulfate (thiosulfate) Known simply as “hypo,” an abbreviated form of the incorrect form hyposulfite, this white crystal was made by boiling calcium thiosulfate with sodium sulfate. It is soluble in water and oil of turpentine but not in alcohol. The property of sodium thiosulfate to dissolve silver halides was discovered in 1819 by Sir John Herschel and was probably first used to fix photographic images by L. J. M. Daguerre. After Daguerre published its use in his 1839 manual W. H. F. Talbot finally used it to fix calotype negatives and silver chloride prints, although he continued to stabilize them with potassium iodide and sodium chloride presumably for the variety of colors possible. Sodium thiosulfate was the primary fixing agent throughout the 19th century and is still used today.

6.35 Definition

ChEBI: An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.

6.36 Brand name

Sulfactol (Sterling Winthrop).

6.37 General Description

Sodium thiosulfate (Na₂S₂O₃) can be obtained from Na₂S₂O₃.10H₂O by heating above 100 °C. It can be synthesized from sodium sulfate.

6.38 Usage

Sodium thiosulfate, 0.01N standardized solution is used in volumetric analysis to estimate the concentration of certain compounds in solution (hydrogen peroxide) as well as chlorine content in bleaching powder and water. It is used as a titrant in iodometry.

6.39 Usage

Sodium thiosulfate, 0.1N standardized solution is used in volumetric analysis to estimate the concentration of certain compounds in solution (hydrogen peroxide) as well as chlorine content in bleaching powder and water. It is used as a titrant in iodometry.

6.40 Usage

Sodium thiosulfate is used in volumetric analysis to estimate the concentration of certain compounds in solution (hydrogen peroxide) as well as chlorine content in bleaching powder and water. It is used to prepare S-alkylthiosulfonates. Furthermore, it is used in the tanning of leather and in photographic processing. It is used as an antidote to cyanide poisoning and acts as a safe disposal medium in chemistry laboratories when working with bromine, iodine and other strong oxidizers. It is an important component in hand warmers and heating pads.

6.41 Hazard

Use in foods restricted to 0.1%.

6.42 Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by subcutaneous route. Incompatible with metal nitrates, sodium nitrite. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Na2O and SOx. See also SODIUM THIOSULFATE and SODIUM THIOSULFATE, PENTAHYDRATE.

6.43 Veterinary Drugs and Treatments

Sodium thiosulfate (alone or in combination with sodium nitrite) is useful in the treatment of cyanide toxicity. It has been touted for use in treating arsenic or other heavy metal poisonings, but its efficacy is in question for these purposes. However, because sodium thiosulfate is relatively non-toxic and inexpensive, it may be tried to treat arsenic poisoning. When used in combination with sodium molybdate, sodium thiosulfate may be useful for the treatment of copper poisoning.
Sodium thiosulfate may be useful for the topical treatment for some fungal infections (Tinea). In humans, sodium thiosulfate has been used to reduce the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin therapy. A 3 or 4% solution has been used to infiltrate the site of extravasations of cisplatin, carboplatin, or dactinomycin. In combination with steroids, sodium thiosulfate may reduce the healing time associated with doxorubicin extravasation.

6.44 Purification Methods

Crystallise it from EtOH/H2O solutions or from water (0.3mL/g) below 60o by cooling to 0o, and dry it at 35o over P2O5 under vacuum. [Foerster & Mommsen Chem Ber 57 258 1924.] This salt is used as a secondary standard in volumetric analysis [Kilpatrick J Am Chem Soc 45 2132 1923], and is used as “Hypo” in photography [Hargreaves & Dunningham J Soc Chem Ind 42 147T 1923.]

• Molecular Weight: 158.10774g/mol
• Molecular Formula: Na₂O₃S₂
• Compound Is Canonicalized: True
• XLogP3-AA: null
• Exact Mass: 157.90842477
• Monoisotopic Mass: 157.90842477
• Complexity: 82.6
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
• Topological Polar Surface Area: 104
• Heavy Atom Count: 7
• Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
• Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
• Isotope Atom Count: 0
• Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
• CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcQAAMDBgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==