Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide 137-26-8 wiki

1. Names and Identifiers

: 1.1 Name; Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide; 1.2 Synonyms; [Disulfanediylbis(carbonothioylnitrilo)]tétraméthane [Disulfanediylbis(carbonothioylnitrilo)]tetramethan [Disulfanediylbis(carbonothioylnitrilo)]tetramethane [Dithiobis(carbonothioylnitrilo)]tetramethane 1,1’-dithiobis(n,n-dimethylthio-formamid 1,1’-dithiobis(n,n-dimethylthioformamide) 1N1&YUS&SSYUS&N1&1 Aapirol Accel TMT Accelerator T Accelerator Thiuram acceleratort acceleratorthiuram anles aules Basultra Betoxin bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide Bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide Bis[(dimethylamino)carbonothioyl] disulfide EINECS 205-286-2 Heryl Methane, [dithiobis(carbonothioylnitrilo)]tetrakis- Methane, 1,1',1'',1'''-[dithiobis(carbonothioylnitrilo)]tetrakis- MFCD00008325 N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethyl-2-dithioperoxy-1,3-dithiodicarbonic diamide Nomersan tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide ([[(CH3)2N]C(S)]2S2) Tetramethylthiouram Disulfide Thiram Thiurad thiuram Thiuram (Thiram) Thiuramyl Thylate tigam Tiuramyl tm-95 tmtc TMTD TMTDS TNTD Tuads Tuex Tulisan Tyradin Vanguard GF; View all

1.3 CAS No.: 137-26-8

1.4 CID: 5455

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 205-286-2

1.6 Molecular Formula: C6H12N2S4 (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/C6H12N2S4/c1-7(2)5(9)11-12-6(10)8(3)4/h1-4H3

1.8 InChIkey: KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C

1.10 Isomers Smiles: CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 1.43

2.1 Melting point: 156-158 °C(lit.)

2.1 Boiling point: 129 °C (20 mmHg)

2.1 Refractive index: 1.5500 (estimate)

2.1 Flash Point: 89°C

2.1 Precise Quality: 239.98800

2.1 PSA: 121.26000

2.1 logP: 2.06080

2.1 Solubility: 0.0184g/l

2.2 Appearance: white to off white powder

2.3 Storage: Ambient temperatures.

2.4 Carcinogenicity: Thiram also was not carcinogenic in ratsby gavage or in mice by single subcutaneousinjection. In skin painting studies in micethiram had tumor-initiating and -promotingactivity but was not a complete carcinogen.Thiram was genotoxic to insects, plants,fungi, and bacteria: it induced sister chromatidexchange and unscheduled DNA synthesis incultured human cells. Despite establishedgenotoxicity in vitro, it showed no clastogenicand/or aneugenic activity in vivo after oraladministration to mice at the maximum tolerateddose.

2.5 Physical Properties: Colorless to white to cream-colored crystals. May darken on exposure to air or light.

2.6 Color/Form: White crystalline powder
Colorless to yellow, crystalline solid. (Note: commercial pesticide product may be dyed blue.)

2.7 Contact Allergens: TITD is a rubber vulcanization accelerator

2.8 pKa: 0.87±0.50(Predicted)

2.9 Water Solubility: 16.5 mg/L (20 oC)

2.10 Spectral Properties: MAX ABSORPTION (CHLOROFORM): 243 NM (LOG E= 4.1), 282 NM (LOG E= 4.06)
IR: 21299 (Sadtler Research Laboratories IR Grating Collection)
NMR: 6403 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
MASS: 11630 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass Spectral Database, 1990 Version)
Raman: 117 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
Intense mass spectral peaks: 88 m/z (100%), 120 m/z (24%), 44 m/z (16%), 240 m/z (14%)

2.11 Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

2.12 StorageTemp: under inert gas (argon)

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Agricultural Uses: Fungicide, Rodenticide: Thiram is used as a fungicide to prevent crop damagein the field and to prevent crops from deteriorationin storage or transport. Thiram is also used as a seed, nut,fruit, and mushroom disinfectant from a variety of fungaldiseases. In addition, it is used as an animal repellentto protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damageby rabbits, rodents, and deer. Thiram has been used in thetreatment of human scabies, as a sun screen, and as a bactericideapplied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. Thiram is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizerand as a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats. It is also usedas a rodent repellent, wood preservative, and may be usedin the blending of lubricant oils. Registered for use in EUcountries. Registered for use in the U.S.

3.2 Definition: ChEBI: An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.

3.3 General Description: A liquid solution of a white crystalline solid. Primary hazard is to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Easily penetrates the soil to contaminates groundwater and waterways.

3.4 Potential Exposure: Thiram is a dithiocarbamate. Some thiurams have been used as rubber components: thiram is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizer; a seed, nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant; a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats; and as an ingredient in suntan and antiseptic sprays and soaps. It is also used as a fungicide, rodent repellent; wood preservative; and may be used in the blending of lubricant oils.

3.5 Purification Methods: Crystallise thiram (three times) from boiling CHCl3, then recrystallise it from boiling CHCl3 by adding EtOH dropwise to initiate crystallisation, and allow it to cool. Finally it is precipitated from cold CHCl3 by adding EtOH (which retains the monosulfide in solution). [Ferington & Tobolsky J Am Chem Soc 77 4510 1955, Beilstein 4 IV 242.]

3.6 Shipping: UN2771 Thiocarbamate pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

3.7 Usage: Fungicide for large brown patch snowmold and dollar spot on fine turfs.

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Symbol: GHS07, GHS08, GHS09

4.1 Hazard Codes: Xn,N

4.1 Signal Word: Warning

4.1 Risk Statements: 20/22-36/38-43-48/22-50/53

4.1 Safety Statements: 26-36/37-60-61

4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations: Thiram is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.

4.2 Packing Group: III

4.2 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: log Kow = 1.73

4.3 Fire Hazard: Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating oxides of sulfur are formed. Carbon disulfide may be formed from unburned material.

4.4 Other Preventative Measures: Avoid long-term exposure, even to small quantities ... . Do not consume alcohol on a day when thiram is used.
Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where thiram is handled, processed or stored.
Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed.
Clothing contaminated with thiram should be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of thiram from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the thiram, the person performing the operation should be informed of thiram's hazardous properties.
Non-impervious clothing which becomes contaminated with thiram should be removed promptly and not reworn until the thiram is removed from the clothing.
Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. Respirators may also be used for operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels, and in emergency situations. If the use of respirators are necessary, the only respirators permitted are those that have been approved by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (formerly Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration) or by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
In addition to respirator selection, a complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation. If employees' clothing may have become contaminated with solid thiram, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.
Employees should be provided with and required to use impervious clothing, gloves, face shields (eight-inch minimum), and other appropriate protective clothing necessary to prevent skin contact with thiram or liquids containing thiram, where skin contact may occur.
Employees who handle thiram or liquids containing thiram should wash their hands, thoroughly with soap or mild detergent and water before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.
Skin that becomes contaminated with thiram should be promptly washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove any thiram.
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
If material not involved in fire: Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.
Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.
Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Avoid bodily contact with the material. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.; View all

4.5 Hazard Class: 9

4.5 Hazard Declaration: H302 + H332-H315-H317-H319-H373-H410

4.5 Cleanup Methods: If thiram is spilled, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. For small quantities, sweep onto paper or other suitable material, place in an appropriate container. Quantities may be reclaimed.
Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents.
Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Land spill: dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane,or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. Apply "universal" gelling agent to immobilize spill. Apply appropriate foam to diminish vapor and fire hazard.
Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.; View all

4.6 DisposalMethods: Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U244, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
Thiram may be disposed of: 1. By making packages of thiram in paper or other flammable material and burning in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device. 2. By dissolving thiram in a flammable solvent (such as alcohol) and atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber equipped with an appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.
Thiram can be dissolved in alcohol or other flammable solvents and burned in an incinerator with an afterburner and scrubber. Recommendable method: Incineration.
Incineration: Waste thiram should be disposed of by incineration. Bags should be thoroughly emptied before disposal. Empty bottles and drums should be thoroughly drained and triple rinsed. "Triple rinse" means the flushing of containers three times, each time using a volume of the normal diluent equal to approx ten percent of the container's capacity, and adding the rinse liquid to the spray mixture or disposing of it by a method prescribed for disposing of the pesticide.; View all

4.7 RIDADR: UN 2771/2811

4.7 Fire Fighting Procedures: Fire Fighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.
If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

4.8 Safety Profile: Poison by ingestion andintraperitoneal routes. Questionablecarcinogen with experimental tumorigenicand teratogenic data. Other experimentalreproductive effects. Mutation datareported, Affects human pulmonary system.A rmld allergen and irritant. Acute poisoningin experimental animals produced liver,hdney, and brain damage. Dangerous in afire; see NITROGEN MONOXIDE andSULFUR DIOXIDE.

4.9 Caution Statement: P261-P273-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

4.9 Formulations/Preparations: 75% wettable powder, 95% technical powder, ND
Wettable powder; dustable powder; slurry for seed treatment; dry seed treatment; suspension concentrate.
Dispersible powder, eg Arasan 75 and Tersan 75= 75% (Dupont); dust for seed treatment usually 50%; Dusts, water suspensions. Thylate= 65% (Dupont).
Chaperone Rabbit and Deer Repellent: 7% thiram; Deer Ban: 10% thiram; Magic Circle Rabbit Repellent: 20% thiram; Rabbit Rid: 10% thiram; Science Rabbit and Deer Repellent: 20% thiram; TATGO: 22% thiram; Chew-not: 20% thiram; Gustafson 42-5: 42% thiram; Bonide Rabbit and Deer Repellent: 11% thiram.
Pearson's Melon and Pine Seed Protectant Seed Treatment-Insecticide and Fungicide is 64.27% thiram.
Dusts: 1-75% active ingredient; Granules: 1-75% active ingredient; Paint: 1% active ingredient; Wettable powders: 3-90% active ingredient; Flowable liquid: contains 15.4% thiram (w/w) and 17.3% Vitavax (w/w) ... Dry Powder Drill Box: Contains 40% Vitavax and 40% thiram ... Thylate: 65% thiram.
Formulations ... include: WP /wettable powder/ (less than or equal to 800 g ai/kg), SC, seed treatment. Mixtures include: Acti-dione thiram (750 g thiram + 7.5 g cycloheximide/kg); Benlate T 20 Fungicide, WP (200 g thiram + 200 g benomyl); Combinex (thiram + permethrin + petroleum oil); Dyfonate thiram 5-10 G, GR, (100 g thiram + 50 g fonofos/kg); Gammalex Liquid, LS (48 g thiram + 48 g carbendazin + 400 g gamma-HCH/l); Hexyl (thiram + gamma-HCH + rotenone) ... .
Homai, WP (300 g thiram + 500 g thiophanate-methyl/kg); Hy-Flier, LS (300 g thiram + 250 g bendiocarb/kg); Hysede, FS (140 g thiram + 400 g gamma-HCH + 120 g thiabendazole/l); Hy-TL, LS (300 g thiram + 225 g thiabendazole/l); Hy-VIC, FS (225 g thiram + 255 g thiabendazole/l); Lindex FS, FS (thiram + gamma-HCH); Rootone F, thiram + 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid + methyl 2-(1-naphthyl)acetate + 2-(1-naphthyl)acetamide; Silbos T, WP (640 g thiram + 100 g vinclozolin/kg); Turbair Butryticide, UL (thiram + dicloran); thiram + carboxin. Discontinued formulation: Ferna-col.
Products: Ceku TMTD; Pomarsol; Thiram Granuflo; Thiratox; Thyram Plus; Tiurante. Mixtures: Anchor (+carboxin); Gaucho M (+imidacloprid+pencycuron); Gaucho T (+imidacloprid); Toram (+ thiophanate-methyl); Vitavax 200FF (+carboxin); Zaprawa Funaben T (+carbendazim). Other products: AApirol; Aatiram; Basultra; Buck Back; Defiant; ...Kodiak T; Moly-T; Protector D; Rhodiason; Rhodiauram; Sadoplon; Thianosan; Thiraflo; Thiraphox; Triple-Noctin; Zaprawa Nasienna T. Mixtures: Apron Elite (+carbendazim+cymoxanil+oxadixyl); ...Favour (+metalaxyl); Fortiva (+ metalaxyl+thiabendazole) (seed); Healthied T (+pefurazoate); ...Monceren T (+pencycuron); Raxil Extra (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, Poland); Raxil Flow (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, Chile); Raxil Gel 206 (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, Poland); Raxil Plus (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, Uruguay); Raxil T (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, E Europe); Raxil TM Liquido (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, Italy); Raxil Vital (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, E Europe); Raxil (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, E Europe); Raxil-Thiram (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, USA); sHYlin (+ thiabendazole); Stiletto (+carboxin+metalaxyl); Super Homai (+diazinon+thiophanate-methyl); Teevic (+pencycuron); Viram Plus (+carbendazim); Vitavax CT (+carboxin); Vitavax M (+carboxin); Wakil (+ carbendazim+cymoxanil+oxadixyl); Zaprawa Oxafun T (+carboxin). Discontinued products: Arasan; Tersan; Liro Granuflo; Polyram Ultra; Tripomol. Mixtures: ...Apron Combi (+metalaxyl+thiabendazole) (seed); Ascot (+thiabendazole); ...Lindex Plus (+fenpropimorph+gamma-HCH); Oftanol T (+isofenphos); Vitavax RS (+carboxin+gamma-HCH); Vitavax-R (+carboxin).
For rubber processing, thiram is available as a fine powder containing 1.5-2.5% (max) white oil, as extruded pellets containing 5.5% oil, as a dispersion containing 30-40% binder or oil, in a mixture of two parts thiram to one part 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and as pellets in a 50:50 mixture with disulfiram.
For use as a pesticide, thiram is available as 1.0-75.0% in dust; as 2.25-5.0% in granule; as 11.25, 35.2 and 42.0% in liquid concentrates; as 2.0% in pastes; as 1.0% in pastes for wound dressing of shrubs and trees; and as 3.0-98.0% in wettable powders.
RTU-1010 Seed Protectant (with Vitavax)
Fernasan; discontinued
Bromosan-F; discontinued
Carbina TZ (with zineb)
Evershield T; discontinued
Southland Pearson Moly-Stand (with molybdenum)
Ronilan T-Combi (with vinclozolin)
Aatack
Chipco thiram 75
Fernide; discontinued
Flo Pro T Seed Protectant
Nomersan; discontinued
Vancida TM-95
Vancide TM
Thimer; discontinued
Greenthionock
Thiramad; discontinued
Spotrete
Spotrete-F
Pomarsol forte
Thiram 75
Tuads
Thiotex
Thiuramin
Tripomol
Tersan 75
Mercuram
Thirasan
Trametan
Cunitex
Thiotox
Polyram ultra
Tetrapom
Aules
Hexathir
Fermide
Tersan
Panoram 75; View all

4.10 Incompatibilities: Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine,fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from strong alkaline materials, strong acids, strong bases and nitrating agents.

4.11 WGK Germany: 3

4.11 RTECS: JO1400000

4.11 Protective Equipment and Clothing: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.
Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.
Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned Protection Factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection.
Respirator Recommendations: Up to 100 mg/cu m: (Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a high-efficiency particulate filter/(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter/(Assigned Protection Factor = 25) Any powered, air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s) in combination with a dust, mist, and fume filter. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece/(Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece.
Respirator Recommendations: Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (Assigned Protection Factor = 10,000) Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(Assigned Protection Factor = 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus.
Respirator Recommendations: Escape: (Assigned Protection Factor = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or back-mounted organic vapor canister having a high-efficiency particulate filter/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.; View all

4.12 Reactivities and Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, oxidizable materials.

4.13 Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations: Thiram dust is moderately irritating to human skin, eyes, and respiratory mucous membranes. A few individuals have experienced sensitization to thiram.

4.14 Safety: Safety Information of Tetramethylthiuram disulfide (CAS NO. 137-26-8):
Hazard Codes: Xn?,N?
Risk Statements: 20/22-36/38-43-48/22-50/53
R20/22:Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin
R43:May cause sensitization by skin contact
R48/22:Harmful: danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed
R50/53:Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
Safety Statements: 26-36/37-60-61
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves
S60:This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets
RIDADR: UN 2771/2811
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: JO1400000
HazardClass: 9
PackingGroup: III
HS Code: 29303000; View all

4.15 Specification: ? Tetramethylthiuram disulfide?with cas registry number of 137-26-8?is white to almost white powder, also called?Disulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) ; Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide (((H₂N)C(S))₂S₂), N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl- ; Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide (((H₂N)C(S))₂S₂), tetramethyl- ; Thiram?; RCRA waste no. U244 .?It is incompatible with oxidizing materials, strong acids, strong alkalis and nitrating agents.?Tetramethylthiuram disulfide is always used for rice, wheat, TOBACCO, sugar beet, grapes and other crop diseases and pests, and it also can be used for seed dressing and soil treatment.

4.16 Toxicity

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
bird - wild	LD50	oral	300mg/kg (300mg/kg)	?	Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 355, 1983.
cat	LDLo	oral	230mg/kg (230mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA BEHAVIORAL: ANALGESIA	Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 17, Pg. 349, 1921.
chicken	LD50	unreported	840mg/kg (840mg/kg)	?	Veterinariya. Veterinary Science. Vol. 54(2), Pg. 70, 1978.
domestic animals - goat/sheep	LD50	unreported	225mg/kg (225mg/kg)	?	Veterinariya. Veterinary Science. Vol. 54(2), Pg. 70, 1978.
human	TCLo	inhalation	30ug/m3/5Y-I (0.03mg/m3)	SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CONJUNCTIVE IRRITATION: EYE CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI	Vrachebnoe Delo. Medical Practice. Vol. (10), Pg. 136, 1971.
mammal (species unspecified)	LD50	unreported	400mg/kg (400mg/kg)	?	Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 45(5), Pg. 29, 1980.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	70mg/kg (70mg/kg)	?	Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 566, 1982.
mouse	LD50	oral	1250mg/kg (1250mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER	Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 6(7), Pg. 28, 1962.
mouse	LD50	subcutaneous	1109mg/kg (1109mg/kg)	?	Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of Japan. Vol. 15, Pg. 507, 1990.
mouse	LD50	unreported	1150mg/kg (1150mg/kg)	?	Kobunshi Kako. Polymer Applications. Vol. 26, Pg. 358, 1977.
rabbit	LD50	oral	210mg/kg (210mg/kg)	?	Kobunshi Kako. Polymer Applications. Vol. 26, Pg. 358, 1977.
rabbit	LD50	unreported	210mg/kg (210mg/kg)	?	Veterinariya. Veterinary Science. Vol. 54(2), Pg. 70, 1978.
rabbit	LDLo	skin	1gm/kg (1000mg/kg)	?	"Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 110, 1982.
rat	LC50	inhalation	500mg/m3/4H (500mg/m3)	?	"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 1027, 1986.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	138mg/kg (138mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)	Journal de Pharmacologie. Vol. 9, Pg. 35, 1978.
rat	LD50	oral	560mg/kg (560mg/kg)	?	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 11, Pg. 546, 1967.
rat	LD50	subcutaneous	646mg/kg (646mg/kg)	?	Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of Japan. Vol. 15, Pg. 507, 1990.
rat	LD50	unreported	740mg/kg (740mg/kg)	?	Kobunshi Kako. Polymer Applications. Vol. 26, Pg. 358, 1977.
rat	LDLo	skin	5gm/kg (5000mg/kg)	BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)	Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 15(Suppl,

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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

Skin irritation, Category 2

Eye irritation, Category 2

Skin sensitization, Category 1

Acute toxicity - Inhalation, Category 4

Specific target organ toxicity \u2013 repeated exposure, Category 2

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term (Acute) - Category Acute 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 1

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statement(s)	H302 Harmful if swallowed H315 Causes skin irritation H319 Causes serious eye irritation H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction H332 Harmful if inhaled H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P273 Avoid release to the environment.
Response	P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/... P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P333+P313 If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P314 Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. P391 Collect spillage.
Storage	none
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

View all

6. NMR Spectrum

13C NMR : Predict

1H NMR : Predict

7. Synthesis Route

137-26-8Total: 3 Synthesis Route

60-29-7

98-09-9 122 Suppliers

137-26-8 297 Suppliers

14417-01-7 4 Suppliers

618-41-7 26 Suppliers

Literatures:
Chemische Berichte, , vol. 56, p. 550
Yield: null

75-15-0 113 Suppliers

66232-66-4

66232-64-2

137-26-8 297 Suppliers

94-37-1 15 Suppliers

Literatures:
Boi, Luu Van Russian Chemical Bulletin, 2000 , vol. 49, # 2 p. 335 - 343 Izvestiya Akademi Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, 2000 , vol. 49, # 2 p. 334 - 342
Yield: ~18%

60-29-7

598-64-1 6 Suppliers

98-09-9 122 Suppliers

137-26-8 297 Suppliers

14417-01-7 4 Suppliers

618-41-7 26 Suppliers

Literatures:
Chemische Berichte, , vol. 56, p. 550
Yield: null

8. Other Information

8.0 Merck: 14,9371

8.1 BRN: 1725821

8.2 Chemical properties: pure colorless crystal; no smell; m.p.155~156°C; relative density 1.29; easily soluble in benzene, chloroform (230g/L), acetone (80g/L), carbon disulfide and other organic solvents; slightly soluble in ether and ethanol (<10g/L); insoluble in water (30mg/L); decomposing under acid condition; industrial products are white or light yellow powder, with a m.p. of more than 146℃.

8.3 Uses: 1. Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide belongs to protective fungicides of broad spectrum, with a residual effect period of up to 7d or so. It is mainly used for dealing with seeds and soil and preventing powdery mildew, smut and rice seedlings damping-off of cereal crops. It can also be used for some fruit trees and vegetable diseases. For example, dressing seed with 500g of 50% wettable powder can control rice blast, rice leaf spot, barley and wheat smut.
2. As pesticides, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is often referred to as thiram and is mainly used for the treatment of seeds and soil and the prevention and controlling of cereal powdery mildew, smut and vegetable diseases. This product, as the super accelerator of natural rubber, synthetic rubber and latex, is often referred to as accelerator TMTD and is the representative of thiuram vulcanization accelerator, accounting for 85% of the total amount of similar products. Accelerator T is also the super accelerator of natural rubber, diene synthetic rubber, Ⅱ, R and EPDM, with the highest utilization rate of all. The vulcanization promoting force of accelerator T is very strong, but, without the presence of zinc oxide, it is not vulcanized at all.
3. Used for the manufacture of cables, wires, tires and other rubber products.
4. Used as the super accelerator of natural rubber, synthetic rubber and latex.
5. Used as the late effect promoter of natural rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber and polyisoprene rubber.
6. Used for the pest control of rice, wheat, tobacco, sugar beet, grapes and other crops, as well as for the seed dressing and soil treatment.
7. Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide is suitable for the manufacture of natural rubber, synthetic rubber and latex, and can also be used as curing agent. This product is the second accelerator of thiazole accelerators, which can be used with other accelerators as the continuous vulcanization accelerator.
8. In rubber industry, Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide can be used as the super-vulcanization accelerator, and aften used with thiazole accelerator. It can also be used in combination with other accelerators as the continuous rubber accelerator. For slowly decomposing out of free sulfur at more than 100 ℃, it can be used as curing agent too. Its products have excellent resistance to aging and heat, so it is applicable to natural rubber, synthetic rubber and is mainly used in the manufacture of tires, tubes, shoes, cables and other industrial products. In agriculture, it can be used as fungicide and insecticide, and it can also be used as lubricant additives.
9. Production methods from dimethylamine, carbon disulfide, ammonia condensation reaction was dimethyl dithiocarbamate, and then by the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide to the finished product.; View all

8.4 Toxicity: Acute oral-rat: LD50 780~865mg/kg; Acute oral-mice: LD50 1500~2000mg/kg. Accelerator T has an irritation effect on the human mucous membrane and skin. People long-term exposure to it have allergic reactions while drinking alcohol. Carp LC50 4mg/L.

8.5 Production method: The preparation of sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate(SDD): the reaction of dimethylamine hydrochloride and carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydroxide can generate sodium dimethylamino dithiocarbamate . The reaction temperature is 50~55℃ and the pH value is 8~9.
The preparation of thiram: the reaction of SDD (or Diram) and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulfuric acid can produce thiram. The reaction temperature is controlled at 10 ℃ below and the end pH value is 3 to 4. Chlorine can also be used instead of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid. The reaction is performed in the sieve tray tower, from the bottom of which the diluted chlorine is introduced and from the top of which 5% sodium solution is sprayed, which is called chlorine-air oxidation method. There are also other methods, such as sodium nitrite oxidation or electrolytic oxidation.

8.6 Hazards & Safety Information: Category :Toxic substances
Toxicity classification : moderate toxicity
Acute Toxicity : Oral-Rat LD50: 560 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 1250 mg/kg
Stimulation Data: Eye-Rabbit 100 mg/24hours Moderate
Flammability Hazardous characteristics:
The products can decompose into toxic nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides when meeting heat.
Storage and transportation characteristics :
Storehouse should be low-temperature, well-ventilated and dry; the storage and transportation should be separated form food raw materials.
Extinguishing agent : sand, dry powder, foam
Occupational Standard :TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3

8.7 Description: Tetramethylthiuram disulfide is a rubber chemieal, an accelerator of vulcanization. It represents the most commonly positive allergen contained in the "thiuram mix". The most frequent occupational categories are the metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, building industries, and shoemakers.

8.8 Chemical Properties: Thiram is a colorless to yellow, crystalline solid. Characteristic odor. Commercial pesticide products may be dyed blue.

8.9 Chemical Properties: white to almost white powder

8.10 Physical properties: Colorless to white to cream-colored crystals. May darken on exposure to air or light.

8.11 Uses: Thiram is a protective fungicide applied to foliage to control Botrytis spp. on grapes, soft fruit, lettuce, vegetables and ornamentals. It also controls rust on ornamentals, scab and storage diseases on apple and pear and leaf curl and Monilia on stone fruit. It is used in seed treatments alone or in combination with added insecticides or fungicides to control damping off diseases such as Pythium spp., and other diseases like Fusarium spp. of maize, cotton, cereals, legumes, vegetables and ornamentals.

8.12 Uses: Seed disinfectant

8.13 Uses: antianginal

8.14 Uses: Thiram is an ectoparasiticide. Thiram is used in agriculture to prevent fungal diseases in seed and crops. Thiram has other applications ranging from use as a topical bactericide to animal repellent.

8.15 Uses: Rubber accelerator; vulcanizer; seed disinfectant; fungicide; bacteriostat in soap; animal repellent.

8.16 Uses: Tetramethylthiuram disulfide is used as fungicide; bacteriostat; pesticide; rubber vulcanization accelerator; scabicide; seed disinfectant; animal repellent; insecticide; lube-oil additive; wood preservative; in antiseptic sprays; in the blending of lubrieant oils; used against Botrytis, rusts and downy mildews; seed dressing against "damping off' and verticillium wilt; ethanol antagonist and deterrent in mixtures of the methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl derivatives; antioxidant in polyolefin plastics; peptizing agent in polysulphide elastomers; in soaps and rodent repellents; nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant.

8.17 Definition: ChEBI: An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.

8.18 General Description: A liquid solution of a white crystalline solid. Primary hazard is to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment. Easily penetrates the soil to contaminates groundwater and waterways.

8.19 Air & Water Reactions: Insoluble in water. Decomposes in acidic media to give toxic products. Decomposes to an extent on prolonged exposure to heat, air or moisture.

8.20 Reactivity Profile: TMTD is incompatible with oxidizing materials and strong acids. Also incompatible with strong alkalis and nitrating agents .

8.21 Hazard: Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, irritant to skin and eyes. Body weight and hematologic effects. Questionable carcinogen.

8.22 Health Hazard: Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation. Liquid irritates eyes and skin and may cause allergic eczema in sensitive individuals. Ingestion causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, all of which may be persistent; paralysis may develop.

8.23 Fire Hazard: Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating oxides of sulfur are formed. Carbon disulfide may be formed from unburned material.

8.24 Agricultural Uses: Fungicide, Rodenticide: Thiram is used as a fungicide to prevent crop damage in the field and to prevent crops from deterioration in storage or transport. Thiram is also used as a seed, nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant from a variety of fungal diseases. In addition, it is used as an animal repellent to protect fruit trees and ornamentals from damage by rabbits, rodents, and deer. Thiram has been used in the treatment of human scabies, as a sun screen, and as a bactericide applied directly to the skin or incorporated into soap. Thiram is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizer and as a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats. It is also used as a rodent repellent, wood preservative, and may be used in the blending of lubricant oils. Registered for use in EU countries. Registered for use in the U.S.

8.25 Trade name: AAPIROL?; AATACK?; AATIRAM?; ACCELERATOR T?; ACCELERATOR THIURAM?; ACCEL TMT?; AGROSOL POUR-ON?; ANLES?; ARASAN?[C]; ATIRAM?; ATTACK?; AULES?; CHIPCO THIRAM 75?; CRYLCOAT?; CUNITEX?; CYURAM DS?; DELSAN?; EBECRYL?; EKAGOM TB?; EVERSHIELD T SEED PROTECTORANT?; FALITIRAM?; FERMIDE?; FERNACOL?; FERNASAN?; FERNIDE?; FLO PRO T SEED PROTECTANT?; FMC 2070?[C]; FORMALSOL?; HERMAL?; HERYL?; HEXATHIR?; HY-VIC?; KODIAK T?; KREGASAN?; LIQUID MOLY-CO-THI?; MERCURAM?; METIURAC?; MOLY-T?; NA2771?; NOBECUTAN?; NOMERSAN?; NORMERSAN?; OPTIMA?; PANORAM 75?; POLYRAM ULTRA?; POMARSOL?; POMARSOL FORTE?; POMASOL?; PRO-GRO?; PURALIN?; RAXIL?; REZIFILM?; ROOTONE?; ROYAL TMTD?; RTUBAYTAN- THIRAM?; RTU FLOWABLE SOYBEAN FUNGICIDE?; SADOPLON?; SOLUCRYL?; SPOTRETE?; SPOTRETE-F?; SQ 1489?; SRANANSF- X?; TERSAN 75?[C]; TERSANTETRAMETHYL DIURANE SULFIDE?; TETRAPOM?; TETRASIPTON?; THIANOSAN?; THILLATE?; THIMAR?; THIMER?; THIOKNOCK?; THIOSAN?; THIOSCABIN?; THIOTEX?; THIOTOX?; THIRAM 75?; THIRAM 80?; THIRAMAD?; THIRAM B?; THIRAMPA?; THIRASAN?; THIULIN?; THIULIX?; THIURAD?; THIURAMIN?; THIURAMYL?; THYLATE?; TIRAMPA?; TITAN FL?; TRAMETAN?; TRIDIPAM?; TRIPOMOL?; TUADS?; TUEX?; TULISAN?; UCECOAT?; UCECRYL?; UVECRYL?; VANCIDA TM-95?; VANCIDE TM?; VITAFLO 280?; VITAVAX? Thiram; VITAVAX-T?; VUAGT-1-4?; VULCAFOR TMTD?; VULKACIT MTIC?; VULKACIT THIURAM?; VULKACIT THIURAM/C?; View all

8.26 Contact allergens: TITD is a rubber vulcanization accelerator

8.27 Contact allergens: This rubber chemical, accelerator of vulcanization, represents the most commonly positive allergen contained in “thiuram mix.” The most frequent occupational categories are the metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, the building industry, and shoemakers. It is also widely used as a fungicide, belonging to the dithiocarbamate group of carrots, bulbs, and woods, and as an insecticide. Thiram is the agricultural name for thiuram.

8.28 Safety Profile: Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic and teratogenic data. Other experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported, Affects human pulmonary system. A rmld allergen and irritant. Acute poisoning in experimental animals produced liver, hdney, and brain damage. Dangerous in a fire; see NITROGEN MONOXIDE and SULFUR DIOXIDE.

8.29 Potential Exposure: Thiram is a dithiocarbamate. Some thiurams have been used as rubber components: thiram is used as a rubber accelerator and vulcanizer; a seed, nut, fruit, and mushroom disinfectant; a bacteriostat for edible oils and fats; and as an ingredient in suntan and antiseptic sprays and soaps. It is also used as a fungicide, rodent repellent; wood preservative; and may be used in the blending of lubricant oils.

8.30 Carcinogenicity: Thiram also was not carcinogenic in rats by gavage or in mice by single subcutaneous injection. In skin painting studies in mice thiram had tumor-initiating and -promoting activity but was not a complete carcinogen.
Thiram was genotoxic to insects, plants, fungi, and bacteria: it induced sister chromatid exchange and unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured human cells. Despite established genotoxicity in vitro, it showed no clastogenic and/or aneugenic activity in vivo after oral administration to mice at the maximum tolerated dose.

8.31 Environmental Fate: Biological. In both soils and water, chemical and biological mediated reactions can transform thiram to compounds containing the mercaptan group (Alexander, 1981). Odeyemi and Alexander (1977) isolated three strains of Rhizobium sp. that degraded thiram. One of these strains, Rhizobium meliloti, metabolized thiram to yield dimethy- lamine (DMA) and carbon disul?de which formed spontaneously from dimethyldithiocar- bamate (DMDT). The conversion of DMDT to DMA and carbon disul?de occurred via enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms (Odeyemi and Alexander, 1977).
When thiram (100 ppm) was inoculated with activated sludge (30 ppm) at 25°C and pH 7.0 for two weeks, 30% degraded. Metabolites included methionine, elemental sulfur, formaldehyde, dimethyldithiocarbamate-α-aminobutyric acid and the corresponding keto aci
To a non-autoclaved alluvial sandy loam (pH 7.3) fortified and inoculated with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 40 and 86% degradation were observed after 4 and 24 days, respectively. In autoclaved soil, thiram degradation was not affected. Degradat
Soil. Decomposes in soils to carbon disul?de and dimethylamine (Sisler and Cox, 1954; Kaars Sijpesteijn et al., 1977). When a spodosol (pH 3.8) pretreated with thiram was incubated for 24 days at 30°C and relative humidity of 60–90%, dimethylamine formed as the major product. Minor degradative products included nitrite ions (nitration reduction) and dimethylnitrosamine (Ayanaba et al., 1973).
Plant. Major plant metabolites are ethylene thiourea, thiram monosul?de, ethylene thiram disul?de and sulfur (Hartley and Kidd, 1987).; View all

8.32 Metabolic pathway: Dialkyldithiocarbamates chelate copper and inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase. It is likely that the mode of action of chelators is principally through their effect on lipoamide containing dehydrogenases (Corbett et al., 1984). Thiram generates dimethyldithiocarbamic acid by being cleaved in acidic conditions and in biological media. The acid is conjugated with glucose and alanine in plants and with glucuronic acid in mammals. Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid is further degraded to dimethylamine and CS2. An extensive review of the properties of dithiocarbamate pesticides was published by the World Health Organisation (WHO, 1988) from which much of the following information is taken.

8.33 Shipping: UN2771 Thiocarbamate pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.

8.34 Purification Methods: Crystallise thiram (three times) from boiling CHCl3, then recrystallise it from boiling CHCl3 by adding EtOH dropwise to initiate crystallisation, and allow it to cool. Finally it is precipitated from cold CHCl3 by adding EtOH (which retains the monosulfide in solution). [Ferington & Tobolsky J Am Chem Soc 77 4510 1955, Beilstein 4 IV 242.]

8.35 Degradation: Thiram is decomposed in acidic media. It deteriorates on prolonged exposure to heat, air or moisture. DT₅₀ values are estimated as 128 days, 18 days and 9 hours at pH 4, 7 and 9, respectively (PM). The dimethyldithiocarbamate (2) is stable in alkaline media but unstable in acidic conditions, decomposing to dimethylamine and carbon disulfide. In water, the dimethyldithiocarbamate can be oxidatively degraded to a number of products. The rate of degradation depends on pH and the type of any cations that might be present. The rate of decomposition and production of CS2 is decreased by cations in the following order Na+ > Zn2+> Fe3+> Cu2+. Thiram was completely degraded in sewage water in 12 days.
An ethanolic solution of unlabelled thiram (4 g l^-1) was exposed to UV light for 48 hours. The reaction tube was encircled by low pressure Hg lamps that gave more than 85% of their total radiation at 253.7 nm. Pure nitrogen was bubbled through the solutions. Photo-oxidation studies were done similarly except that oxygen was bubbled through the solution. In further experiments, irradiation was by visible light from a tungsten lamp and again oxygen was bubbled through the solution. The outlet gases from the UV study were condensed in a cold trap and analysed by GC-MS. Traces of carbon disulfide and dimethylamine were identified. The reaction mixture was also analysed by GC-MS and three products were identified as tetramethyl hydrazine (3), N,N-dimethylthioformamide (4) and tetramethylthiourea (5). The identity of the latter was confirmed by IR and NMR. The reaction mixture was concentrated and applied to TLC plates and sulfur and tetramethylthiourea (5) were identified as the main products of photolysis. The same products with the addition of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide were produced by UV light and oxygen. Oxidation of thiram in the presence of visible light together with Rose Bengal as a photosensitiser also gave the same products in almost identical yields. The results confirm that C-S and S-S bond fissions are primary photochemical steps with dithiocarbamates.; View all

8.36 Toxicity evaluation: Thiram cytotoxicity appears to result from its potential to disrupt cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In cultured human skin fibroblast, thiram results in an increase in oxidative markers such as lipid peroxidation and oxidation of reduced glutathione and decrease in other endogenous antioxidant. Toxic effects of thiram have been described in humans and animal model systems ranging from liver injury, testicular toxicity, ophthalmological changes, and development of micronuclei in bone marrow. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not characterized and inconsistent across various studies.

8.37 Incompatibilities: Dust may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine,fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from strong alkaline materials, strong acids, strong bases and nitrating agents.

8.38 Waste Disposal: Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Thiram can be dissolved in alcohol or other flammable solvent and burned in an incinerator with an afterburner and scrubber.

9. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 240.43g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₂N₂S₄
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: 1.7
Exact Mass: 239.98833309
Monoisotopic Mass: 239.98833309
Complexity: 158
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Topological Polar Surface Area: 121
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADccBjAABwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAQAAAAAAAAAAAQCAAMAAAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

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Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide 137-26-8