Tris Base
- Iupac Name：2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol
- CAS No.: 77-86-1
- Molecular Weight：121.13500
- Modify Date.: 2022-11-29 02:59
- Introduction: 1, Tris buffer, only nucleic acids and proteins are widely used as solvents.2, Tris is used for protein crystal growth under different pH conditions.3, Tris buffer having a low ionic strength can be used nematode (C. elegans) is formed lamin (lamin) intermediate fibers.4, Tris is a major component of protein electrophoresis buffer.5, Tris for the preparation of a surfactant, a vulcanization accelerator, and some drug intermediates.6, Tris titrated also used as standard.
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1. Names and Identifiers
- 1.1 Name
- Tris Base
- 1.2 Synonyms
1-[ethyl(hydroxymethyl)amino]ethane-1,2-diol 8VTE 1L MFCD00004679 OmniPur TRIS -CAS 77-86-1 - Calbiochem Pehanorm riladyl Talatrol THAM Tham-E thamset TRIS Tris Base, Molecular Biology Grade - CAS 77-86-1 - Calbiochem Tris Base, ULTROL Grade - CAS 77-86-1 - Calbiochem Tris Buffer, 1.0 M, pH 8.0, Molecular Biology Grade - CAS 77-86-1 - Calbiochem Tris Buffer, 100 mM, pH 7.4, Molecular Biology Grade - CAS 77-86-1 - Calbiochem Tris(Hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Trometamol) high purity TRIS,Tromethamine, Trometamol TRISMAT Trizma Tromethamine
- 1.3 CAS No.
- 77-86-1
- 1.4 CID
- 6503
- 1.5 EINECS(EC#)
- 201-064-4
- 1.6 Molecular Formula
- C4H11NO3 (isomer)
- 1.7 Inchi
- InChI=1S/C4H11NO3/c5-4(1-6,2-7)3-8/h6-8H,1-3,5H2
- 1.8 InChIkey
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- 1.9 Canonical Smiles
- C(C(CO)(CO)N)O
- 1.10 Isomers Smiles
- C(C(CO)(CO)N)O
2. Properties
- 2.1 Density
- 1,353 g/cm3
- 2.1 Melting point
- 167-172°C(lit.)
- 2.1 Boiling point
- 219-220°C10mm Hg(lit.)
- 2.1 Refractive index
- 1.531
- 2.1 Flash Point
- 219-220°C/10mm
- 2.1 Precise Quality
- 121.07400
- 2.1 PSA
- 86.71000
- 2.1 logP
- -1.63890
- 2.1 Solubility
- 550G/L(25oC)
- 2.2 Appearance
- Liquid
- 2.3 Storage
- Hygroscopic. Ambient temperatures.
- 2.4 Color/Form
- Crystalline mass|WHITE, CRYSTALLINE POWDER
- 2.5 Decomposition
- When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxide/.
- 2.6 Odor
- SLIGHT, CHARACTERISTIC ODOR
- 2.7 PH
- pH of 0.1 molar aq soln = 10.4
- 2.8 pKa
- 8.1(at 25℃)
- 2.9 Water Solubility
- H2O: 550 g/L (25 oC)
- 2.10 Spectral Properties
- MASS: 69526 (NIST/EPA/MSDC Mass SPectral database, 1990 version)
NMR: 6342 (Sadtler Research Laboratories Spectral Collection)
IR: 5998 (Coblentz Society Spectral Collection)
- 2.11 Stability
- Stable. Incompatible with bases, strong oxidizing agents. Protect from moisture.
- 2.12 StorageTemp
- 20-25°C
3. Use and Manufacturing
- 3.1 Methods of Manufacturing
- ... Prepared by reduction of tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane.|May be prepared by reducation or catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding nitro compd. ... Preparation by by electrolytic reduction: McMillan, US patent 2485982 (1949 to Comm Solvents Corp)
- 3.2 Purification Methods
- TRIS can ordinarily be obtained in highly pure form suitable for use as an acidimetric standard. If only impure material is available, it should be crystallised from 20% EtOH, aqueous MeOH (m 171.1o) or isopropanol (m 172-173o). Dry it in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 or CaCl2. Alternatively, it is dissolved in twice its weight of water at 55-60o, filtered, concentrated to half its volume and poured slowly, with stirring, into about twice its volume of EtOH. The crystals which separate on cooling to 3-4o are filtered off, washed with a little MeOH, air dried by suction, then finally ground and dried in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5. It has also been recrystallised from water, MeOH or aqueous MeOH, and vacuum dried at 80o for 2 days. [Beilstein 4 H 303, 4 III 857, 4 IV 1903.] Tris Base Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials
- 3.3 Usage
- 1, Tris buffer, only nucleic acids and proteins are widely used as solvents.2, Tris is used for protein crystal growth under different pH conditions.3, Tris buffer having a low ionic strength can be used nematode (C. elegans) is formed lamin (lamin) intermediate fibers.4, Tris is a major component of protein electrophoresis buffer.5, Tris for the preparation of a surfactant, a vulcanization accelerator, and some drug intermediates.6, Tris titrated also used as standard.
4. Safety and Handling
- 4.1 Hazard Codes
- Xi
- 4.1 Risk Statements
- R36/37/38
- 4.1 Safety Statements
- S26-S36-S37/39
- 4.1 Exposure Standards and Regulations
- The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl tromethamine, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
- 4.2 Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient
- log Kow = -1.56 (est)
- 4.3 Hazard Class
- IRRITANT
- 4.3 Hazard Declaration
- H315
- 4.3 DisposalMethods
- SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
- 4.4 RIDADR
- 25kgs
- 4.4 Caution Statement
- P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501
- 4.4 Formulations/Preparations
- Tromethamine formulations: Parenteral injection 36 mg/mL (18 g) Tham, Hospira.
TROMETHAMINE, NF (THAM), IS AVAIL AS 0.3 MOLAR SOLN ADJUSTED TO PH 8.6 WITH ACETIC ACID. IT IS ALSO SUPPLIED AS POWDER (THAM-E) TO BE DISSOLVED IN 1 L OF STERILE WATER. EACH L CONTAINS 300 MMOLES (36 G) OF TROMETHAMINE, 30 MMOLES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, & 5 MMOLES OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE.
- 4.5 WGK Germany
- 2
- 4.5 RTECS
- TY2900000
- 4.5 Safety
-
Safety Information of Tromethamine (CAS NO.77-86-1):
Hazard Codes: Xi
Risk Statements: 36/37/38?
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Statements: 26-36-37/39
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.?
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing.?
S37/39:Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
- 4.6 Sensitive
- Hygroscopic
- 4.7 Specification
-
?Tromethamine ,its CAS NO. is 77-86-1,the synonyms is 1,3-Propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)- ; 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-amino-1,3-propanediol ; 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol ; 2-Amino-2-methylol-1,3-propanediol ; AI3-03948 ; Addex-tham ; Aminotrimethylolmethane ; Aminotris(hydroxymethyl)methane ; Apiroserum Tham ; Caswell No. 036 ; EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 083901 ; HSDB 3408 ; Methanamine, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)- ; Methylamine, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)- ; NSC 6365 ; Pehanorm ; THAM ; THAM-E ; Talatrol ; Trimethylolaminomethane ; Tris ; Tris buffer ; Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane ; Tris(hydroxymethyl)methanamine ; Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine ; Tris, free base ; Tris-base ; Tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane ; Trizma ; Tromethamolum ; Tromethane ; Tutofusin tris .
- 4.8 Toxicity
- LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rat > 5000 mg/kg
5. MSDS
2.Hazard identification
2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture
Not classified.
2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) | No symbol. |
| Signal word | No signal word. |
| Hazard statement(s) | none |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | none |
| Response | none |
| Storage | none |
| Disposal | none |
2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification
none
7. Synthesis Route
77-86-1Total: 4 Synthesis Route
9. Other Information
- 9.0 Storage Conditions
- ... Prepared by reduction of tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane.|May be prepared by reducation or catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding nitro compd. ... Preparation by by electrolytic reduction: McMillan, US patent 2485982 (1949 to Comm Solvents Corp)
- 9.1 Henrys Law Constant
- Henry's Law constant = 8.7X10-13 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
- 9.2 Dissociation Constants
- pKa = 8.07
- 9.3 Experimental Properties
- Weak, monoacidic base; aq soln do not absorb CO2 from air|REACTS WITH PROTON DONORS|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)
- 9.4 Disposal Methods
- SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
- 9.5 FDA Requirements
- The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl tromethamine, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
- 9.6 Pollution Sources
- Tromethamine's production and use as an emulsifying agent, in the synthesis of surface-active agents and vulcanization accelerators(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
- 9.7 Environmental Fate
- TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tromethamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). However, tromethamine has a pKa of 8.07(3) and should exist partially as a cation under environmental conditions (pH 5-9)(SRC). As a result, tromethamine may have greater adsorption and less mobility than its estimated Koc value indicates since cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than neutral species(4). Volatilization of tromethamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) since cations do not volatilize and the estimated Henry's Law constant for the neutral species is 8.7X10-13 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(5). Tromethamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.2X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(6).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tromethamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). However, tromethamine has a pKa of 8.07(3) and should exist partially as a cation under environmental conditions (pH 5-9)(SRC). As a result, tromethamine may have greater adsorption to suspended solids and sediment than its estimated Koc value indicates(SRC). Volatilization from water is not expected(4) since cations do not volatilize and the estimated Henry's Law constant for the neutral species (free base) of tromethamine is 8.7X10-13 atm cu m/mol(SRC), calculated using a fragment constant estimation method(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -1.56(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tromethamine, which has a an estimated vapor pressure of 2.2X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tromethamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase tromethamine is removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Tromethamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).
- 9.8 Abiotic Degradation
- The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tromethamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 11 hours(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Tromethamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). Tromethamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to undergo direct photolysis by sunlight(2).
- 9.9 Bioconcentration
- An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for tromethamine (SRC), using an estimated log Kow of -1.56(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).
- 9.10 Mobility
- Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of tromethamine can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tromethamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of tromethamine is 8.07(3), indicating that this compound will partially exist as a cation in the environment. As a result, the mobility of tromethamine may be overestimated since cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than neutral species(4).
- 9.11 Volatilization
- Tromethamine is a weak base with pKa of 8.07(1). This estimated pKa indicates tromethamine will partially exist in the protonated form in the environment. Volatilization from moist soil and water is not expected since cations do not volatilize and the estimated Henry's Law constant for the neutral species (free base) of tromethamine is 8.7X10-13 atm cu m/mol(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Tromethamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.2X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).
- 9.12 Human Exposure
- NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 40897 workers (30773 of these are female) are potentially exposed to tromethamine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tromethamine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tromethamine is produced or used(SRC).
- 9.13 Therapeutic Uses
- Buffers; Excipients|/Tromethamine is indicated/ for the prevention and correction of metabolic acidosis. /Included in US product label/|Metabolic Acidosis Associated with Cardiac Bypass Surgery. Tromethamine solution has been found to be primarily beneficial in correcting metabolic acidosis which may occur during or immediately following cardiac bypass surgical procedures. /Included in US product label/|Correction of Acidity of ACD Blood in Cardiac Bypass Surgery. It is well known that ACD blood is acidic and becomes more acidic on storage. Tromethamine effectively corrects this acidity. Tromethamine solution may be added directly to the blood used to prime the pump-oxygenator. When ACD blood is brought to a normal pH range the patient is spared an initial acid load. Additional tromethamine may be indicated during cardiac bypass surgery should metabolic acidosis appear. /Included in US product label/|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for TROMETHAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
- 9.14 Usage
- Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is used as buffers in biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories. It is used as a primary standard to standardize acid solutions for chemical analysis. It finds application in cell membranes to increase its permeability. As an alternative to sodium bicarbonate, it used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis.
- 9.15 Usage
- TRIS-buffered saline (TBS, 10X) pH 7.6 is used as a substance diluent, as a wash buffer in immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It is used in antibody diluent in western blotting, sample diluent in vitro diagnostics, immuno-histochemical staining and in situ hybridization.
- 9.16 Usage
- Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is used as a buffer in biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories. It is used as a primary standard to standardize acid solutions for chemical analysis. It finds application in cell membranes to increase permeability. As an alternative to sodium bicarbonate, it used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis. It acts as a precursor for the preparation of polymers, oxazolones and oxazolidines.
- 9.17 Usage
- A compound widely used as a biological buffer substance in the pH range 7?9; pKa = 8.3 at 20°C; pKa = 7.82 at 37°C. It is widely used as a biological buffer or as a component of buffer formulations such as TAE and TBE buffers. Tris has a pKa of 8.06 and is very useful in the biology and biochemistry lab because it has buffering capabilities in the range of the typical physiological pH of most living organisms (pH 7.0-9.0). Tris has been reported to interfere with the activity of a number of enzymes, it should therefore be used carefully when studying proteins. In medicine, Tris is used as alternative to sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of metabolic acidosis. Used in chemical manufacturing (surface-active agents, vulcanization accelerators, and pharmaceuticals), as an emulsifying agent (cosmetics, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, leather dressings, textile specialties, polishes, cleaning compounds, and soluble oils), and as an absorbent for acidic gases, biological buffer, acidimetric standard, and therapeutic alkalinizing agent. Also used in buffer systems for the freezer storage of sperm, to regulate pH in the transport of live aquatic species, cell culture media, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
- 9.18 Usage
- TRIS is used as a standard biological buffer, phenol extraction of DNA or RNA, and as a component of separating and stacking gels in the characterization of in vitro translation products by SDS-PAGE.
- 9.19 Usage
- TRIS is used as a standard biological buffer in less critical applications where economy is an important consideration, component of extraction buffer e.g. phenol extraction of DNA or RNA; and as a component of separating and stacking gels in the characterization of in vitro translation products by SDS-PAGE.
- 9.20 Usage
- TRIS, 1.0M buffer soln., pH 7.5 is used as buffers for stabilizing and storing nucleic acids and proteins.
- 9.21 Usage
- A compound widely used as a biological buffer substance. It is widely used as a biological buffer or as a component of buffer formulations such as TAE and TBE buffers. Tris has a pKa of 8.06 and is very useful in the biology and biochemistry lab because it has buffering capabilities in the range of the typical physiological pH of most living organisms (pH 7.0-9.0). Tris has been reported to interfere with the activity of a number of enzymes, it should therefore be used carefully when studying proteins. In medicine, Tris is used as alternative to sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of metabolic acidosis. Used in chemical manufacturing (surface-active agents, vulcanization accelerators, and pharmaceuticals), as an emulsifying agent (cosmetics, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, leather dressings, textile specialties, polishes, cleaning compounds, and soluble oils), and as an absorbent for acidic gases, biological buffer, acidimetric standard, and therapeutic alkalinizing agent. Also used in buffer systems for the freezer storage of sperm, to regulate pH in the transport of live aquatic species, cell culture media, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
- 9.22 Usage
- Tris is used in pH control in vitro and in vivo for body fluids and in buffering systems for electrophoresis applications.Tris is used in assays used to characterize the activity and kinetics of the enzymes that catalyze SUMOylation of Small ubiquitin-like proteins (SUMO) and SUMO-dependent protein-protein interactions. Also used as buffers in a wide variety of biological systems. It has been used as a starting material for polymers, oxazolones (with carboxylic acids) and oxazolidines.
- 9.23 Usage
- Tris Buffered Saline (TBS) is a pH stabilizing solution used for western blot and ELISA procedures. It is used as a convenient prepared buffer for use in various applications.
- 9.24 Usage
- TRIS is widely used as a biological buffer or as a component of buffer formulations such as TAE (sc-296645) and TBE (sc-296650) buffers. It has a pKa of 8.06 and is very useful in the molecular biology and biochemistry lab because it has buffering capabilities in the range of the typical physiological pH of most living organisms (pH 7.0-9.0). Tris has been reported to interfere with the activity of a number of enzymes, it should therefore be used carefully when studying proteins.
- 9.25 Usage
- TRIS, 1.0M buffer is used as buffers for stabilizing and storing nucleic acids and proteins.
- 9.26 Usage
- For Western blot washing.TRIS-buffered saline (TBS, 10X) is used as a washing buffer for electrodes, alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase conjugates in dot blot assay. Further, it acts as a pH stabilizer, which enable washing without disruption of antibody-antigen binding interactions.
- 9.27 Usage
- Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is used as buffers in biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories. It is used as a primary standard to standardize acid solutions for chemical analysis. It finds application in cell membranes to increase its permeability. As an alternative to sodium bicarbonate, it used in the treatment of metabolic acidosis. It acts as a precursor for the preparation of polymers, oxazolones and oxazolidines.
- 9.28 Merck
- 14,9772
- 9.29 BRN
- 741883
- 9.30 description
- Tris, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2)3CNH2. It is extensively used in biochemistry and molecular biology as a component of buffer solutions such as in TAE and TBE buffers, especially for solutions of nucleic acids. It contains a primary amine and thus undergoes the reactions associated with typical amines, e.g. condensations with aldehydes. Tris also complexes with metal ions in solution. In medicine, tromethamine is occasionally used as a drug, given in intensive care for its properties as a buffer for the treatment of severe metabolic acidosis in specific circumstances. Some medications are formulated as the "tromethamine salt" including hemabate (carboprost as trometamol salt), and "ketorolac trometamol".
- 9.31 Chemical Properties
- White crystal or powder. Melting point 171-172℃, boiling point 219-220℃/1.3kPa, soluble in ethanol and water, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate, benzene, insoluble in ether, carbon tetrachloride,copper,aluminum corrosion effects,irritant.
- 9.32 Uses of Biology
- Tris base, also known as THAM, is widely used as a biological buffer or as a component of buffer formulations such as TAE and TBE buffers. Tris has a pKa of 8.06 and is very useful in the biology and biochemistry lab because it has buffering capabilities in the range of the typical physiological pH of most living organisms (pH 7.0-9.0). Tris has been reported to interfere with the activity of a number of enzymes, it should therefore be used carefully when studying proteins.
- 9.33 Uses
- 1, Tris buffer, only nucleic acids and proteins are widely used as solvents.
2, Tris is used for protein crystal growth under different pH conditions.
3, Tris buffer having a low ionic strength can be used nematode (C. elegans) is formed lamin (lamin) intermediate fibers.
4, Tris is a major component of protein electrophoresis buffer.
5, Tris for the preparation of a surfactant, a vulcanization accelerator, and some drug intermediates.
6, Tris titrated also used as standard.
- 9.34 Chemical Properties
- White, crystalline solid. PH (0.1M aqueous solution) 10.6, corrosive to copper, brass, aluminum. Solubility in water 80 g/100 cc (20C). Combustible.
- 9.35 Originator
- Trisaminol,Bellon,France,1964
- 9.36 Uses
- tromethamine can help mask odor in a formulation. It is also used as a buffer, keeping product pH stable.
- 9.37 Uses
- In the synthesis of surface-active agents, vulcanization accelerators, pharmaceuticals. As emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, leather dressings, textile specialties, polishes, cleaning Compounds, so-called soluble oils. Absorbent for acidic gases. Biological buffer.
- 9.38 Uses
-
Tris base has been used:
- In the preparation of TAE buffer for TAE agarose gel used to run PCR products by gel electrophoresis
- As a component of sample buffer for SDS-PAGE
- In the preparation of IEC (ion-exchange chromatography) buffer
- 9.39 Drug Warnings
- Local reactions associated with administration of tromethamine may include local irritation and tissue inflammation or infection at the site of injection, a febrile response, chemical phlebitis, venospasm, hypervolemia, and iv thrombosis. The drug should be administered through a large needle or indwelling catheter to minimize venous irritation by the highly alkaline tromethamine solution. Extravasation may result in inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of overlying skin. If perivascular infiltration occurs, tromethamine administration should be discontinued immediately. Infiltration of the affected area with 1% procaine hydrochloride, to which hyaluronidase has been added, will often reduce venospasm and also will dilute any tromethamine remaining in the tissues locally. Local infiltration of an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, such as phentolamine mesylate, into the vasospastic area has been recommended. If necessary, nerve block of autonomic fibers to the affected area may be performed.|Transient decreases in blood glucose concentration may occur during administration of tromethamine. When larger than recommended doses are used or when administration is too rapid, hypoglycemia may persist for several hours after the drug is discontinued.|Tromethamine should be slowly administered and in amounts sufficient only to correct the existing acidosis, in order to avoid overdosage and alkalosis. Determinations of blood glucose concentrations should be frequently performed during and following therapy.|Respiratory depression may occur in patients receiving large doses of tromethamine, as a result of increased blood pH and reduced carbon dioxide concentrations, and in those with chronic hypoventilation or those receiving other drugs that depress respiration. Dosage must be carefully adjusted so that blood pH does not increase above normal, and facilities for providing mechanical ventilation should be readily available during administration of tromethamine. Tromethamine may be used in conjunction with mechanical ventilatory support if respiratory acidosis is present concomitantly with metabolic acidosis.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for TROMETHAMINE (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
- 9.40 Mesh
- A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer. (See all compounds classified as Buffers.)|Usually inert substances added to a prescription in order to provide suitable consistency to the dosage form. These include binders, matrix, base or diluent in pills, tablets, creams, salves, etc. (See all compounds classified as Excipients.)
- 9.41 Absorption
- Tromethamine is substantially eliminated by the kidneys. ... Ionized tromethamine (chiefly as the bicarbonate salt) is rapidly and preferentially excreted in urine at a rate that depends on the infusion rate. The manufacturer states that urinary excretion continues over a period of 3 days; 75% or more appears in the urine after 8 hours. In some studies, 50-75% of an iv dose was recovered in urine within 24 hours, but another study reported recovery in healthy adults to be 64% and 77% after 2 and 3 days, respectively.|It is not known whether tromethamine is distributed in human milk.|Ionized tromethamine is excreted by kidney, so the effect is that of excretion of hydrogen ions. Elimination of drug from body is entirely by renal excretion. Excretion of tromethamine is accompanied by osmotic diuresis, since clinical doses of drug considerably add to osmolarity of glomerular filtrate.|In rats of different age (5 to 240 days old) the renal excretion of Trishydroxymethylaminomethane (THAM) was studied. In 5 and in 240 days old rats the renal excretion of THAM was slower than in rats of other age groups. Stimulation of diuresis by i.p. injection of mannitol, thiazide or by oral water load resulted in an increase in THAM excretion in 5 and in 240 days old rats. The renal excretion of THAM was also increased by repeated administration of THAM in all age groups, except in new born rats. Possible mechanisms of action are discussed.|The distribution of 14C labelled THAM (tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane) was determined between intra- and extracellular space of nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats as a function of time at constant plasma pH of 7.4. The following results were obtained: An equilibrium in the distribution of THAM between ECS and ICS will not occur before 6-12 hours after administration. This indicates that THAM permeates very slowly into the intracellular compartment, which is in contrast to the general assumption that it quickly diffuses into the intracellular space to restore the intracellular acidosis. THAM disappears from the extracellular space in a multiexponential fashion, indicating that it equilibrates with the different body tissues at largely variable rates. The equilibrium which occurs between both body compartments 6-12 hours after THAM application does not agree with the values which are expected for transfer of only the nonionised substance. At plasma pH 7.4 and a "mean whole body pHi" of 6.88, THAM is distributed with a distribution ratio of 4 (ICS/ECS), a value quite different from the value of 11 which would be expected for exclusive nonionic diffusion. Thus THAM is also transferred across the cell membrane in ionized form. These results indicate that the influx of THAM into the intracellular space is too slow (when compared to the renal elimination kinetics) to influence intracellular pH significantly by direct buffer action. Moreover, only a fraction of THAM enters the intracellular space in the nonionized form, thus reducing (to an even greater extent) the direct effect of THAM on the intracellular acid-base equilibrium.
- 9.42 Metabolism
- Tromethamine is not metabolized appreciably.
- 9.43 Human Toxicity Excerpts
- /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In studies of tromethamine administration in healthy individuals, the ventilatory rate remained constant, but a reduced tidal volume produced a decrease in minute ventilation and in carbon dioxide output; arterial oxygen saturation decreased by an average of about 5%.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Too rapid administration and/or excessive amounts of tromethamine may cause alkalosis, hypoglycemia, overhydration or solute overload.
- 9.44 Mesh Entry Terms
- Tri(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
- 9.45 Production
- Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#4580]|1,3-Propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).
- 9.46 Formulations
- Tromethamine formulations: Parenteral injection 36 mg/mL (18 g) Tham, Hospira.|TROMETHAMINE, NF (THAM), IS AVAIL AS 0.3 MOLAR SOLN ADJUSTED TO PH 8.6 WITH ACETIC ACID. IT IS ALSO SUPPLIED AS POWDER (THAM-E) TO BE DISSOLVED IN 1 L OF STERILE WATER. EACH L CONTAINS 300 MMOLES (36 G) OF TROMETHAMINE, 30 MMOLES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, & 5 MMOLES OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE.
- 9.47 Manufacturing Info
- All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|1,3-Propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-: ACTIVE
- 9.48 Use Classification
- Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Pharmaceuticals -> Animal Drugs -> Approved in Taiwan|Cosmetics -> Buffering
10. Computational chemical data
- Molecular Weight: 121.13500g/mol
- Molecular Formula: C4H11NO3
- Compound Is Canonicalized: True
- XLogP3-AA: -2.9
- Exact Mass: 121.07389321
- Monoisotopic Mass: 121.07389321
- Complexity: 54
- Rotatable Bond Count: 3
- Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
- Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
- Topological Polar Surface Area: 86.7
- Heavy Atom Count: 8
- Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
- Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
- Isotope Atom Count: 0
- Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
- CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADccBiMAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHgAQCAAADIihgAIAAABAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACEAAAAAAAQAABEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
11. Question & Answer
-
The synonyms of tris base are 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. Tris is an established basimetric standard and buffer used in biochemistry and molecular biology[1]. It may be used by itself as a buffer or as a compon...
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Tris Base
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13. Realated Product Infomation
-122YR
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