Uridine

Iupac Name：1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione

CAS No.: 58-96-8

Molecular Weight：244.20100

Modify Date.: 2023-02-13 23:43

Introduction: Uridin is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, aribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. View more+

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1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name: Uridine
1.2 Synonyms: 1-(Β-D-Ribofuranosyl)pyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dion 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 1-[(4ξ)-D-erythro-Pentofuranosyl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 1-b-D-Ribofuranosyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 1-b-D-Ribofuranosyluracil 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-uraci 1-D-Ribofuranosyluracil 1-Β-D-Ribofuranosyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione 1-Β-D-Ribofuranosyluracil 1-Β-Δ-Ribofuranosyluracil 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-hydroxy-1-Β-D-ribofuranosyl- 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 1-(β-D-ribofuranosyloxy)- 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 1-[(4ξ)-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl]- 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione, 1-Β-D-ribofuranosyl- 2,4-Dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl β-D-ribofuranoside 4-Hydroxy-1-(Β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2(1H)-pyrimidinone Diquafosol Impurity 11 D-URIDINE EINECS 200-407-5 MFCD00006526 NFDB2 T6NVMVJ A- BT5OTJ CQ DQ E1Q &&Β-D-Ribo Form TIMTEC-BB SBB000838 URACIL RIBOSIDE Uracil, 1-Β-D-ribofuranosyl- URACIL-1-BETA-D-RIBOFURANOSIDE Uracil-1-Β-D-ribofuranoside URACIL-3-RIBOSIDE URD Uridin

1.3 CAS No.: 58-96-8

1.4 CID: 6029

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 221-386-9; 200-407-5

1.6 Molecular Formula: C9H12N2O6 (isomer)

1.7 Inchi: InChI=1S/C9H12N2O6/c12-3-4-6(14)7(15)8(17-4)11-2-1-5(13)10-9(11)16/h1-2,4,6-8,12,14-15H,3H2,(H,10,13,16)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1

1.8 InChkey: DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-XVFCMESISA-N

1.9 Canonical Smiles: C1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)C2C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O

1.10 Isomers Smiles: C1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 1.674 g/cm3

2.1 Melting point: 163-167°C(lit.)

2.1 Refractive index: 9 ° (C=2, H2O)

2.1 Flash Point: °C

2.1 Precise Quality: 244.07000

2.1 PSA: 124.78000

2.1 logP: -2.85190

2.1 Solubility: H2O: 50?mg/mL

2.2 Appearance: white to off-white crystalline powder

2.3 Storage: Ambient temperatures.

2.4 Chemical Properties: White powder; odorless; slightly acridand faintly sweet taste. Soluble in water;slightly soluble in dilute alcohol; insoluble in strongalcohol.

2.5 Color/Form: Brown powder

2.6 pKa: 9.39±0.10(Predicted)

2.7 Water Solubility: Appearance:white to off-white crystalline powder
Transport Information:HAZARD
Hazard Symbols:UN NO.
MSDS:View

2.8 StorageTemp: 2-8°C

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Purification Methods: Crystallise -uridine from aqueous 75% MeOH or EtOH (m 165-166o). [Beilstein 24 III/IV 1202.] Uridine Preparation Products And Raw materials Preparation Products

3.2 Usage: Nitrogen base used in rna.

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Hazard Codes: Xi

4.1 Risk Statements: R36/37/38

4.1 Safety Statements: S24/25

4.1 Packing Group: I; II; III

4.1 Hazard Class: 6.1

4.1 RIDADR: HAZARD

4.1 WGK Germany: 3

4.1 RTECS: YR1450000

4.1 Report: Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

4.2 Safety: Mildly toxic by intraperitoneal route. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO_x.
Safety Information of β-Uridine (CAS NO.58-96-8):
Hazard Codes: Xi
Risk Statements: 36/37/38?
36:? Irritating to the eyes?
37:? Irritating to the respiratory system?
38:? Irritating to the skin?
Safety Statements: 24/25-36-26
24:? Avoid contact with skin?
25:? Avoid contact with eyes?
26:? In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice?
36:? Wear suitable protective clothing

4.3 Specification: ?β-Uridine ,its CAS NO. is 58-96-8,the synonyms is Timtec-bb sbb000838 ; Uracil riboside ; Urd ; Uracil-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside ; Uracil-3-riboside ; Ur ; 1-Beta-d-ribofuranosyl-uraci ; 1-D-ribofuranosyluracil .

4.4 Toxicity

1.	???	dnd-mam:lym 100?mmol/L	???	PNASA6 ?? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 48 (1962),686.
2.	???	ipr-mus LD50:5100?mg/kg	???	RPTOAN ?? Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology. Translation of FATOAO. 40 (1977),66.

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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Not classified.

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)	No symbol.
Signal word	No signal word.
Hazard statement(s)	none
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	none
Response	none
Storage	none
Disposal	none

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. NMR Spectrum

13C NMR : in D2O

13C NMR : in DMSO-d6

1H NMR : 400 MHz in D2O

1H NMR : 400 MHz in DMSO-d6

IR : KBr disc

IR : nujol mull

Raman : 4880 A,200 M,powder

Mass spectrum (electron ionization)

UV/Visible spectrum

7. Synthesis Route

58-96-8Total: 19 Synthesis Route

85-94-9 26 Suppliers

71-30-7 444 Suppliers

84-52-6 30 Suppliers

84-53-7 10 Suppliers

131-83-9 2 Suppliers

58-96-8 359 Suppliers

65-46-3 360 Suppliers

Literatures:
Acta Chemica Scandinavica, , vol. 44, # 3 p. 239 - 242
Yield: null

2415-43-2 1 Suppliers

58-97-9 71 Suppliers

58-96-8 359 Suppliers

Literatures:
Tetrahedron Letters, , vol. 39, # 38 p. 6967 - 6970
Yield: null

15548-52-4 1 Suppliers

58-97-9 71 Suppliers

58-96-8 359 Suppliers

Literatures:
Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin Transactions 2, , vol. 5, p. 771 - 774
Yield: null

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8. Other Information

8.0 Merck: 14,9877

8.1 BRN: 754904

8.2 Overview: Uridine is one of the key nucleotide that making RNA^[1-3]. It is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring[or more specifically, a ribofuranose] via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. It is one of the five standard nucleosides which make up nucleic acids[including both RNA and DNA] with the others four being adenosine, thymidine, cytidine and guanosine. The five nucleosides are commonly abbreviated to their one-letter codes U, A, T, C and G respectively. Thymidine is found in deoxyribonucleic acid[DNA] and not ribonucleic acid(RNA]. Conversely, uridine is found in RNA and not DNA^{[1, 3]}. The remaining three nucleosides can be found in both RNA and DNA. In RNA, they would be represented as A, C and G whereas in DNA they would be represented as dA, dC and dG^[1,3].

8.3 Biosynthesis and source: Uridine is widely produced in the form of uridine monophosphate[uridylate] through the decarboxylation of orotidylate, being catalyzed by orotidylate decarboxylase^[4]. The orotidylate is produced from orotate, which is combined with 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate[PRPP] to form orotidylate by pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase. PRPP is created from ribose-5-phosphate by a further phosphorylation, serving as an energetic molecule to drive the reaction forward, while orotate is generated in several steps from carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate^[4].
Diet is not an important source of uridine. Clinical studies and animal experimentation suggest that the
liver synthesizes and degrades uridine, and is likely to have a central role in maintaining plasma uridine. Blood platelets and storage organelles of various species are reported to contain UTP and may provide releasable pools of uridine after catabolism^[5].

8.4 Applications: Uridine is phosphorylated to nucleotides, which are used for DNA and RNA synthesis as well as for the synthesis of membrane constituents and glycosylation^[6-8]. Uridine plays a very important role in the glycolysis pathway of galactose. It can be used as a precursor in the production of CDP-choline. It is an important nutrient and widely used as a dietary supplement. It can improve the brain cholinergic functions and hepatic mitochondrial function in certain liver toxins. It plays a major role in pain physiology and brain energy utilization to maintain ATP production under restricted oxygen conditions^{[6, 8]}. Uridine has many biological effects and, is thus can be used for the treatment of various kinds of diseases. In general, uridine can be used for the treatment for the following diseases such as cardiovascular disease and hypertension, respiratory dysfunction, liver disease, infertility, epilepsy, cancer & AIDS, Parkinsonism, anxiety, sleep dysfunction and Ischemia and hypoxia^[7,8].
Effect on the central nerve system
Uridine plays a crucial role in the pyrimidine metabolism of the brain. It supplies nervous tissue with the pyrimidine ring, and in turn, participates in a number of important metabolic pathways. Uridine and its nucleotide derivatives may also have an additional role in the function of the central nervous system as signaling molecules. Uridine administration had sleep-promoting and anti-epileptic actions, improved memory function and affected neuronal plasticity. Uridine can exert various kinds of effects on the central nerve system[CNS]^{[1, 8-10]} It was found to be an active component of sleep-promoting substances in our brain^{[11, 12, 2]} Anti-epileptogenic and anti-convulsant effect^{[3, 9, 10]} Thermoregulatory effect^{[4, 13]} long-term exposure to uridine improve our memory^{[5, 14]} involved in the regulation of neuronal plasticity through for example that it enhances neurite outgrowth^[15]. Based on those above findings, it can be used for the treatment of various diseases such as developmental delay, seizures, ataxia, severe language deficit, age-related cognitive decline and even Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Uridine might also be useful as a nutrition supplement during development. Uridine[as uridine monophosphate] is found in mother's milk and has been proposed to play a role in regulatory mechanism through which plasma composition influences brain development^[16].
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by abnormal fluid transport across many epithelia including airways, pancreas, sweat glands and small intestine. This disease is associated with decreased Cl2 transport
and increased Na+ transport. The disease is caused by an absence or dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator[CFTR], a Clchannel expressed by epithelial cells, and by an increase in active Na+ absorption[17, 18]. The uridine nucleotide can be used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis since UTP activates P2 purinoceptors, bypasses the defective Clsecretion to activate an alternative Ca2+ -dependent Clsecretory pathway, further stimulating Clsecretion in epithelial cells and decreased Na+ absorption^[18].
Effects on the circulatory system
The effects of uridine and its nucleotides on isolated blood vessels are complex, sometimes acting directly on smooth muscle cells, at other times stimulating surrounding endothelial cells. Uridine and its nucleotides produce opposing effects in some tissues, which suggests that these ligands could act at distinct receptors or via intracellular messenger systems. Further studies are warranted, because many of these effects were observed at potentially physiological levels, and could aid the development of a novel series of antihypertensive agents based on uridine analogues^[19].
Modulation of reproduction
An important function of uridine could be to promote sperm motility, as seminal plasma uridine concentrations are positively correlated to percentage sperm motility^[20]. It is perhaps relevant, therefore, that regulation of uridine diphosphatase during spermatogenesis in the rat was reported to be under hormonal control. The predominance of uridine in seminal fluids must lead to questions about its role in the environment of fertilization and implantation, but as yet these remain unanswered^[21].
Cancer and antiviral therapy
Uridine and UDP?glucose have been used to counter the unwanted toxicity of pyrimidine-based anticancer drugs. Uridine has been used as a rescue therapy for myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity produced by 5-fluorouracil^[22]. Uridine and benzylacyclouridine protected mice against the neurotoxic side effects of pyrimidine-based drugs, such as azidothymidine used to treat HIV infection^[23].

8.5 Reference

www.cell.com/trends/pharmacological-sciences/pdf/S0165-6147(99]01298-5.pdf
https://www.trc-canada.com/product-detail/?CatNum=U829919&CAS=&Chemical_Name=Uridine[1’-D]&Mol_Formula=C?DH??N?O?
www.technologynetworks.com/genomics/lists/what-are-the-key-differences-between-dna-and-rna-296719
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L.[2002]. "Section 25.1In de Novo Synthesis, the Pyrimidine Ring Is Assembled from Bicarbonate, Aspartate, and Glutamine". Biochemistry[5th ed.]. W H Freeman.
Goetz, U, P. M. Da, and A. Pletscher. "Adenine-, guanineand uridine-5'-phosphonucleotides in blood platelets and storage organelles of various species. " Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics178.1(1971]:210-215.
L Ipata, P.; Pesi, R. Metabolic Regulation of Uridine in the Brain. Curr Metabolomics 2015, 3[1], 4-9.
Connolly, G. P., and J. A. Duley. "Uridine and its nucleotides: biological actions, therapeutic potentials. " Trends in Pharmacological Sciences20.5(1999]:218-25.
Dobolyi, and Arpad. Uridine Function in the Central Nervous System. Law, politics and the judicial system in Canada /. University of Calgary Press, 2011:743-751.
Yegutkin, G. G. Nucleotideand nucleoside-converting coenzymes: Important modulators of purinergic signalling cascade. Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell. Res., 2008, 1783, 673-694.
Burnstock, G. Physiology and pathophysiology of purinergic neurotransmission. Physiol. Rev., 2007, 87, 659-797.
Borbely, A. A.; Tobler, I. Endogenous sleep-promoting substances and sleep regulation. Physiol. Rev., 1989, 69, 605-670.
Inoue, S. Sleep and sleep substances. Brain Dev., 1986, 8, 469-473.
Peters, G. J.; van Groeningen, C. J.; Laurensse, E. J.; Lankelma, J.; Leyva, A.; Pinedo, H. M. Uridine-induced hypothermia in mice and rats in relation to plasma and tissue levels of uridine and its metabolites. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 1987, 20, 101-108.
Teather, L. A.; Wurtman, R. J. Chronic administration of UMP ameliorates the impairment of hippocampal-dependent memory in impoverished rats. J. Nutr., 2006, 136, 2834-2837.
Pooler, A. M.; Guez, D. H.; Benedictus, R.; Wurtman, R. J. Uridine enhances neurite outgrowth in nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 [corrected]. Neuroscience, 2005, 134, 207-214.
Wurtman, R. J. Synapse formation and cognitive brain development: effect of docosahexaenoic acid and other dietary constituents. Metabol. Clin. Exp., 2008, 57, S6-S10.
Knowles, Michael R, L. L. Clarke, and R. C. Boucher. "Activation by Extracellular Nucleotides of Chloride Secretion in the Airway Epithelia of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis." N Engl J Med 325.8(1991]:533-538.
Bennett, W D, et al. "Effect of uridine 5'-triphosphate plus amiloride on mucociliary clearance in adult cystic fibrosis. " American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 153.6 Pt 1(1996]:1796.
Seifert, R, and G. Schultz. "Involvement of pyrimidinoceptors in the regulation of cell functions by uridine and by uracil nucleotides. " Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 10.9(1989]:365-369.
Ronquist, G., B. Stegmayr, and F. Niklasson. "Sperm Motility and Interactions Among Seminal Uridine, Xanthine, Urate, and Atpase in Fertile and Infertile Men." Archives of Andrology 15.1(1985]:21-27.
Xuma, M, and R. W. Turkington. "Hormonal regulation of uridine diphosphatase during spermatogenesis in the rat." Endocrinology91.2(1972]:415.
Leyva, A, et al. "Phase I and pharmacokinetic studies of high-dose uridine intended for rescue from 5-fluorouracil toxicity. " Cancer Research 44.12 Pt 1(1984]:5928-5933.
Calabresi, P, et al. "Benzylacyclouridine reverses azidothymidine-induced marrow suppression without impairment of anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity." Blood 76.11(1990]:2210-5.

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8.6 Usage: Uridine plays a vital role in the glycolysis pathway of galactose. It is used as a precursor in the production of CDP-choline. It is an important nutrient and widely used as a dietary supplement. It improves brain cholinergic functions and hepatic mitochondrial function in certain liver toxins. It plays a major role in pain physiology and brain energy utilization to maintain ATP production under restricted oxygen conditions.

8.7 Chemical Properties: White powder; odorless; slightly acrid and faintly sweet taste. Soluble in water; slightly soluble in dilute alcohol; insoluble in strong alcohol.

8.8 Uses: Uridine is a nucleoside, contains a uracil attached to a ribose ring via a β-N1-glycosidic bond

8.9 Uses: Uridine is a nucleoside; widely distributed in nature. Uridine is one of the four basic components of ribonucleic acid (RNA)

8.10 Uses: A nucleoside and one of main component in RNA.

8.11 Definition: The nucleoside formed when uracil is linked to D-ribose by a β-glycosidic bond.

8.12 Definition: A nucleoside consistingof one uracil molecule linked to a dribosesugar molecule. The derivedmucleotide uridine diphosphate(UDP) is important in carbohydratemetabolism.

8.13 General Description: Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside which is crucial for the synthesis of RNA and membranes. It helps in normal cell function and growth by forming pyrimidine nucleotide -lipid conjugates.

9. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 244.20100g/mol
Molecular Formula: C₉H₁₂N₂O₆
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: null
Exact Mass: 244.06953611
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.06953611
Complexity: 371
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Topological Polar Surface Area: 119
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADccBzOAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAASAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHgAQCAAACBThgAYBAAPABgCIACFWUACAAAAAAgAIAAAIAECDEAIAgAAOQAAPFyITAMDwMAIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

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1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-uraci