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Venlafaxine hydrochloride structure
Venlafaxine hydrochloride structure

Venlafaxine hydrochloride

Iupac Name:1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexan-1-ol;hydrochloride
CAS No.: 99300-78-4
Molecular Weight:313.866
Modify Date.: 2022-11-07 21:43
Introduction: Venlafaxine hydrochloride, a novel phenethylamine derivative, was introduced inthe U.S.A. as an antidepressant. Venlafaxine is reported to be the first in the classof the second-generation of antidepressants with dual serotonidnorepinephrinereuptake inhibitory activity. Venlafaxine lacks any affinity for muscarinic,cholinergic, histaminergic and noradrenergic receptors and therefore, has anunusually favorable side effect profile compared with classical tricyclicantidepressants and shows less cardiotoxicity. In addition, venlafaxine has a rapidonset of action that makes it unique among the antidepressant agents. Otherindications for venlafaxine include the treatment of obsessive and panic disorders,and obesity. Both enantiomers of venlafaxine were reported to have similarbiological activity. View more+
1. Names and Identifiers
1.1 Name
Venlafaxine hydrochloride
1.2 Synonyms

)-1-(a-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-p-methoxybenzyl)cyclohexanol hydrochloride 1-[2-(Dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexanol hydrochloride (1:1) 1-[2-DIMETHYL AMINO)-1-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)ETHYL]CYCLOHEXANONE HYDROCHLORIDE (+) cyclohexanol, 1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-, hydrochloride Cyclohexanol, 1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-, hydrochloride (1:1) Efectin Efexor Effexor MFCD03658865 N,N-dimethyl-2-p-methoxyphenyl-2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl) ethylamine hydrochloride RTECS GV?8872760 Venlafaxine HCl VENLAFAXINEHCL Venlafaxinehydrochloride/VenlafaxineHCl Venlaffaxine HCL VenlfaxineHydrochloride Venlift

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1.3 CAS No.
99300-78-4
1.4 CID
62923
1.5 EINECS(EC#)
619-421-1
1.6 Molecular Formula
C17H28ClNO2 (isomer)
1.7 Inchi
InChI=1S/C17H27NO2.ClH/c1-18(2)13-16(17(19)11-5-4-6-12-17)14-7-9-15(20-3)10-8-14;/h7-10,16,19H,4-6,11-13H2,1-3H3;1H
1.8 InChIkey
QYRYFNHXARDNFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1.9 Canonical Smiles
CN(C)CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2(CCCCC2)O.Cl
1.10 Isomers Smiles
CN(C)CC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C2(CCCCC2)O.Cl
2. Properties
2.1 Density
1.394
2.1 Melting point
207-209 °C
2.1 Boiling point
397.6 °C at 760 mmHg
2.1 Flash Point
194.2 °C
2.1 Precise Quality
313.18100
2.1 PSA
32.70000
2.1 logP
3.83760
2.1 Solubility
H2O: >10mg/mL
2.2 Appearance
white crystalline powder
2.3 Storage
Store at RT
2.4 Chemical Properties
White Crystalline Powder
2.5 Color/Form
Powder
2.6 Water Solubility
Soluble
2.7 StorageTemp
2-8°C
3. Use and Manufacturing
3.1 Usage
A selective serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Used as an antidepressant
4. Safety and Handling
4.1 Symbol
GHS02, GHS06, GHS08
4.1 Hazard Codes
Xi
4.1 Signal Word
Danger
4.1 Risk Statements
R36/37/38
4.1 Safety Statements
26-37/39
4.1 Hazard Declaration
H225-H301 + H311 + H331-H370
4.1 RIDADR
UN1230 - class 3 - PG 2 - Methanol, solution
4.1 Caution Statement
P210-P260-P280-P301 + P310-P311
4.1 WGK Germany
3
4.1 RTECS
GV8872760
4.1 Safety

Hazard Codes:?IrritantXi
Risk Statements 36/37/38?
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Statements: 26-37/39
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.?
S37/39:Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.

4.2 Specification

?Venlafaxine hydrochloride , its cas register number is 99300-78-4. It also can be called (+/-)-1-(alpha-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-p-methoxybenzyl)cyclohexanol hydrochloride ; (RS)-1-[2-(Dimethylamino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexanol hydrochloride ; Effexor .It is a?white crystalline powder.

4.3 Toxicity

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
man TDLo oral 1071ug/kg (1.071mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE

BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)

SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): SWEATING: OTHER
Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. Vol. 35, Pg. 211, 1997.
man TDLo oral 32mg/kg/9W-I (32mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE

BEHAVIORAL: WITHDRAWAL
Medical Journal of Australia. Vol. 169, Pg. 91, 1998.
women LDLo oral 168mg/kg (168mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: COMA

CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Medical Journal of Australia. Vol. 169, Pg. 445, 1998.
women LDLo oral 235mg/kg/12D- (235mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: "FIBROSIS, FOCAL (PNEUMOCONIOSIS)"

GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA
Journal of Analytical Toxicology. Vol. 20, Pg. 266, 1996.
women TDLo oral 94500ug/kg/9W (94.5mg/kg) SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE"

SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): SWEATING: OTHER
Annals of Pharmacotherpy. Vol. 33, Pg. 1009, 1999.
women TDLo oral 315mg/kg/30W- (315mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: WITHDRAWAL

GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"

GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING
Medical Journal of Australia. Vol. 169, Pg. 91, 1998.
women TDLo oral 360mg/kg/17W- (360mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: WITHDRAWAL

SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: VISUAL FIELD CHANGES: EYE

VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION
Medical Journal of Australia. Vol. 169, Pg. 91, 1998.
?

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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Eye irritation, Category 2

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word

Warning

Hazard statement(s)

H319 Causes serious eye irritation

Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention

P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

Response

P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.

Storage

none

Disposal

none

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

9. Other Information
9.0 Merck
14,9946
9.1 Target
Value
9.2 Description
Venlafaxine hydrochloride, a novel phenethylamine derivative, was introduced in the U.S.A. as an antidepressant. Venlafaxine is reported to be the first in the class of the second-generation of antidepressants with dual serotonidnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitory activity. Venlafaxine lacks any affinity for muscarinic, cholinergic, histaminergic and noradrenergic receptors and therefore, has an unusually favorable side effect profile compared with classical tricyclic antidepressants and shows less cardiotoxicity. In addition, venlafaxine has a rapid onset of action that makes it unique among the antidepressant agents. Other indications for venlafaxine include the treatment of obsessive and panic disorders, and obesity. Both enantiomers of venlafaxine were reported to have similar biological activity.
9.3 Chemical Properties
White Crystalline Powder
9.4 Originator
Wyeth-Ayerst (U.S.A.)
9.5 Uses
A selective serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Used as an antidepressant
9.6 Uses
Venlafaxine hydrochloride  is an inhibitor of reuptake of both serotonin (IC50 = 0.21 μM) and norepinephrine (IC50 = 0.64 μM). It is effective in vitro and in vivo and against human as well as rat receptors. As an antidepressant, it is properly placed in the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor class.[Cayman Chemical]
9.7 Uses
An inhibitor of ST and SLC6A2.
9.8 Manufacturing Process
1-[Cyano(-methoxyphenyl)methyl]cyclohexanol
p-Methoxyphenylacetonitrile (50 gm, 0.3 mole) was added to dry tetrahydrofuran (250 ml) and the solution cooled to -70°C under nitrogen. n- Butyl lithium in hexane (210 ml, 0.3 mole) was added dropwise, with stirring. The temperature was maintained below -50°C and a yellow precipitate appeared. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was maintained below -50°C for 30 minutes and cyclohexanone (35 ml, 0.3 mole)was added. After a further 45 minutes below -50°C the temperature was allowed to rise to 0°C and a saturated ammonium chloride solution was added. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer extracted with diethyl ether. The combined organic solution was washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The product crystallized (25.2 gm, melting point 125°-127°C). The structure was confirmed by N.M.R. and mass spectral analysis.
1-[2-Amino-1-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexanol
1-[Cyano(p-methoxyphenyl)methyl]cyclohexanol (12 g, 0.05 mole) was dissolved on warming in a mixture of ammonia-ethanol (20% v/v, 250 ml) and hydrogenated in a Parr apparatus over 5% rhodium an alumina (2.8 gm). The catalyst was filtered, washed well with ethanol and the combined filtrate evaporated and dried under vacuum yielding an oil (12 gm). Thin layer chromatography: single spot, ninhydrin positive [chloroform-methanol-acetic acid (80:10:10 v/v)].
1-[-2-Dimethyl-amino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]cyclohexanol
1-[2-Amino-1-(p-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexanol (12 gm; 0.048 mole) was treated with a mixture of formaldehyde (11 ml), formic acid (14.5 ml, 88%) and water (125 ml) and heated at 100°C for five hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and extracted with ethyl acetate. This extract was discarded. The aqueous residue was cooled in ice, rendered basic by the addition of solid potassium hydroxide, saturated with sodium chloride and extracted 3 times with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous potassium carbonate and evaporated to an oily residue (8 gm). This mixture of products was chromatographed on 1 kg of Mallinckrodt Silicar CC7 silica gel and the progress of the chromatography was monitored by thin layer chromatrography using a system comprising ethanol:2 N ammonia:ethyl acetate:cyclohexane 45:8:100:100 (v/v). Fractions containing the desired product were combined and the hydrochloride salt prepared using 4 N HCl in isopropanol. The yield of the free base was 4.6 gm of 1-[(2-dimethylamino)- 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-cyclohexanol. The hydrochloride (venlafaxine): melting point 215°-217°C. The structure was confirmed by mass spectral analysis and N.M.R. analysis.
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9.9 Brand name
Effexor (Wyeth).
9.10 Therapeutic Function
Antidepressant
9.11 General Description
A Certified Snap-N-Spike? Solution suitable for many LC/MS and GC/MS applications from forensic or clinical toxicology analysis to urine drug testing. Also known by the brand name Effexor?, venlafaxine is an SNRI antidepressant approved for the treatment of major depressive and general anxiety disorders.
10. Computational chemical data
  • Molecular Weight: 313.866g/mol
  • Molecular Formula: C17H28ClNO2
  • Compound Is Canonicalized: True
  • XLogP3-AA: null
  • Exact Mass: 313.1808568
  • Monoisotopic Mass: 313.1808568
  • Complexity: 279
  • Rotatable Bond Count: 5
  • Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
  • Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
  • Topological Polar Surface Area: 32.7
  • Heavy Atom Count: 21
  • Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
  • Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
  • Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
  • Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
  • Isotope Atom Count: 0
  • Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
  • CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADceB6MAAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAwYAAAAAAAAAABAAAAHgAACAAADUTBmAYyBoMABgCAAiBCAAACCAAgIAAIiAAOCIgMJiKEsRuEcCAmwBEIqAeQwPAOoAAAAAAAAABAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==
11. Question & Answer
  • Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a commonly used antidepressant and anti-anxiety medication that belongs to the phenethylamine derivative class. It can be taken under the guidance of a doctor for depressi..
  • Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a commonly used medication available in tablet, capsule, extended-release tablet, and extended-release capsule forms. It is an antidepressant used to treat various types o..
  • When under immense pressure, our nerves can become extremely tense, leading to hostile communication or even physical harm during interactions with others. This can strain relationships and also affec..
  • I take venlafaxine (Effexor) as medication, and having wrapped up 2 semesters of Organic Chemistry I thought it might be fun to design a synthesis for it. A picture of venlafaxine: I came up with the..
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