YTTERBIUM

Iupac Name：ytterbium

Molecular Weight：173.05400

Modify Date.: 2022-11-29 04:03

Introduction: Ytterbium is being applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications.Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions.Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. Some Ytterbium alloys have rarely been used in dentistry.It is also used as in thermal barrier system bond coatings on nickel, iron and other transitional metal alloy substrates.Ytterbium Metal, is being applied in improving the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel and alloys. The 169Yb has been used as a radiation source in portable X-ray machines.169Yb is also used in nuclear medicine. Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. Some ytterbium alloys have rarely been used in dentistry.Ytterbium Metal can be further processed to various shapes of ingots, pieces, wires, foils, slabs, rods, discs and powder. View more+

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1. Names and Identifiers

1.1 Name: YTTERBIUM
1.2 Synonyms: EINECS 231-173-2 MFCD00011286 Yb yterbio Ytterbium (Ii) Ion Ytterbium atomic absorption standard solution YTTERBIUM ICP STANDARD YTTERBIUM METAL YTTERBIUM PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD YTTERBIUM PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD YTTERBIUM SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD YTTERBIUM STANDARD YTTERBIUM, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION

1.3 CAS No.: 7440-64-4

1.4 CID: 23992

1.5 EINECS(EC#): 231-173-2

1.6 Inchi: InChI=1S/Yb

1.7 InChkey: NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

1.8 Canonical Smiles: [Yb]

1.9 Isomers Smiles: [Yb]

2. Properties

2.1 Density: 6.54g/mLat 25°C(lit.)

2.1 Melting point: 824°C(lit.)

2.1 Boiling point: 1196°C(lit.)

2.1 Precise Quality: 173.93900

2.1 PSA: 0.00000

2.1 logP: 0.00000

2.1 Appearance: Silver-gray powder

2.2 Storage: Ambient temperatures.

2.3 Chemical Properties: metal chips

2.4 Physical Properties: Ytterbium is a silvery, soft, malleable, and ductile metal with a lustrous metallic shine.It is slightly reactive in air or water at room temperatures. Ytterbium is located next to lastof the rare-earths in the lanthanide series. It slowly oxidizes as it reacts with oxygen in theatmosphere, forming a somewhat duller coating. Ytterbium was the first rare-earth to bediscovered by Carl Gustof Mosander in 1843. More of it exists in the Earth’s crust than oncewas believed.

2.5 Color/Form: Silver-gray

2.6 Water Solubility: It reacts slowly with water and is soluble in dilute acids.

2.7 StorageTemp: Flammables area

3. Use and Manufacturing

3.1 Usage: Ytterbium is being applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications.Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions.Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. Some Ytterbium alloys have rarely been used in dentistry.It is also used as in thermal barrier system bond coatings on nickel, iron and other transitional metal alloy substrates.Ytterbium Metal, is being applied in improving the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel and alloys. The 169Yb has been used as a radiation source in portable X-ray machines.169Yb is also used in nuclear medicine. Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. Some ytterbium alloys have rarely been used in dentistry.Ytterbium Metal can be further processed to various shapes of ingots, pieces, wires, foils, slabs, rods, discs and powder.

4. Safety and Handling

4.1 Symbol: GHS02, GHS07

4.1 Hazard Codes: F

4.1 Signal Word: Danger

4.1 Risk Statements: R36/37/38

4.1 Safety Statements: S36-S33-S16-S26

4.1 Packing Group: I

4.1 Hazard Class: 4.2

4.1 Hazard Declaration: H228-H302 + H312 + H332-H315-H319-H335

4.1 RIDADR: UN 3089 4.1/PG 2

4.1 Safety Profile: As a lanthanon it maj7have an anticoagulant action on blood.Questionable carcinogen with experimentaltumorigenic data. Flammable in the form ofdust when reacted with air, halogens. Seealso LANTHANUM and RARE EARTHS. YTTERBIUM Preparation Products And Raw materials Preparation Products

4.2 Caution Statement: P210-P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338

4.2 WGK Germany: 3

4.2 RTECS: ZG1925000

4.2 Report: Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

4.3 Safety: As a lanthanon it may have an anticoagulant action on blood. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Flammable in the form of dust when reacted with air, halogens. See also LANTHANUM and RARE EARTHS.

4.4 Specification

The Ytterbium, with the cas registry number 7440-64-4, is a kind of metal chips. This chemical has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173 and it has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.

Its product categories are including Inorganics; Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Synthesis; Metals; Ytterbium; YtterbiumMetal and Ceramic Science; YChemical Synthesis; AA Standard SolutionsSpectroscopy; AAS; Alphabetic; Matrix Selection; NitrateSpectroscopy; Reference/Calibration Standards; Single SolutionAnalytical Standards; Standard Solutions

The physical properties of this chemical are as below: (1)#H bond acceptors: 0; (2)#H bond donors: 0; (3)#Freely Rotating Bonds: 0; (4)Polar Surface Area: 0; (5)Exact Mass: 173.938858; (6)MonoIsotopic Mass: 173.938858; (7)Heavy Atom Count: 1; (8)Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1.

When you are dealing with this chemical, you should be very careful. For one thing, it is irritant which may cause inflammation to the skin or other mucous membranes and it is irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. For another thing, it is harmful which may cause damage to health. If by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed, it will be dangerous. In addition, it is highly flammable which may catch fire in contact with air, only needing brief contact with an ignition source, and it has a very low flash point or evolve highly flammable gases in contact with water.

Due to so many dangers mentioned above, you should take different measures to deal with different cases. Wear suitable protective clothing and then take precautionary measures against static discharges. And if in case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Then remember to keep it away from sources of ignition - No smoking.

In addition, you could obtain the molecular structure by using the following datas:
(1)Canonical SMILES: [Yb]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/Yb
(3)InChIKey: NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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5. MSDS

2.Hazard identification

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

Flammable solids, Category 1

Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4

Acute toxicity - Dermal, Category 4

Skin irritation, Category 2

Eye irritation, Category 2

Acute toxicity - Inhalation, Category 4

Specific target organ toxicity \u2013 single exposure, Category 3

2.2 GHS label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram(s)
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statement(s)	H228 Flammable solid H302 Harmful if swallowed H312 Harmful in contact with skin H315 Causes skin irritation H319 Causes serious eye irritation H332 Harmful if inhaled H335 May cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
Prevention	P210 Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. P240 Ground and bond container and receiving equipment. P241 Use explosion-proof [electrical/ventilating/lighting/...] equipment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
Response	P370+P378 In case of fire: Use ... to extinguish. P301+P312 IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P330 Rinse mouth. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/... P312 Call a POISON CENTER/doctor/\u2026if you feel unwell. P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label). P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
Storage	P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P405 Store locked up.
Disposal	P501 Dispose of contents/container to ...

2.3 Other hazards which do not result in classification

none

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6. Other Information

6.0 Merck: 13,10160

6.1 Chemical Properties: metal chips

6.2 Physical properties: Ytterbium is a silvery, soft, malleable, and ductile metal with a lustrous metallic shine.It is slightly reactive in air or water at room temperatures. Ytterbium is located next to lastof the rare-earths in the lanthanide series. It slowly oxidizes as it reacts with oxygen in theatmosphere, forming a somewhat duller coating. Ytterbium was the first rare-earth to bediscovered by Carl Gustof Mosander in 1843. More of it exists in the Earth’s crust than oncewas believed.

It was often confused with other rare-earths and was known by two other names, aldebaraniumand cassiopeium. Ytterbium’s melting point is 819°C, its boiling point is 1,196°C, andits density is 6.9654g/cm³.

6.3 Isotopes: There are a total of 37 isotopes of ytterbium. Seven of these are stable, andthey make up all of the natural ytterbium found on Earth. One of these isotopes (Yb-176) has such a long half-life (1.6×10⁺¹⁷years) that it contributes 12.76% of the naturalytterbium existing on Earth, and thus it is considered stable. All the other 30 isotopes areartificially radioactive and produced by nuclear fission in nuclear reactors with half-livesranging from a fraction of a second to 32 days.

6.4 Origin of Name: Ytterbium is named for the Ytterby quarry located in Sweden.

6.5 Occurrence: Ytterbium is the 45th most abundant element, and it ranks 10th in abundance (2.7 ppm)among the 17 rare-earths found in the Earth’s crust.
It is found in ores along with other rare-earths that were first found in the Ytterby quarryof Sweden. These ores are xenotime, euxenite, gadolinite, and monazite. Monazite river sand is the main source of ytterbium, which is found in India and Brazil and the beaches of Florida.Ytterbium is also found as a decay product of the fission reaction in nuclear reactors.

6.6 Characteristics: In the past there was some confusion about the rare-earths because they are not really earthsat all, but rather binary compounds of oxides of metals. Compounding the confusion was thefact that they were always found combined with several other rare-earths.
The salts of ytterbium are paramagnetic, which exhibit weaker magnetic fields than do ironmagnets.

6.7 History: Marignac in 1878 discovered a new component, which he called ytterbia, in the Earth then known as erbia. In 1907, Urbain separated ytterbia into two components, which he called neoytterbia and lutecia. The elements in these earths are now known as ytterbium and lutetium, respectively. These elements are identical with aldebaranium and cassiopeium, discovered independently and at about the same time by von Welsbach. Ytterbium occurs along with other rare earths in a number of rare minerals. It is commercially recovered principally from monazite sand, which contains about 0.03%. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques developed in recent years have greatly simplified the separation of the rare earths from one another. The element was first prepared by Klemm and Bonner in 1937 by reducing ytterbium trichloride with potassium. Their metal was mixed, however, with KCl. Daane, Dennison, and Spedding prepared a much purer form in 1953 from which the chemical and physical properties of the element could be determined. Ytterbium has a bright silvery luster, is soft, malleable, and quite ductile. While the element is fairly stable, it should be kept in closed containers to protect it from air and moisture. Ytterbium is readily attacked and dissolved by dilute and concentrated mineral acids and reacts slowly with water. Ytterbium has three allotropic forms with transformation points at –13° and 795°C. The beta form is a room-temperature, face-centered, cubic modification, while the high-temperature gamma form is a body-centered cubic form. Another bodycentered cubic phase has recently been found to be stable at high pressures at room temperatures. The beta form ordinarily has metallic-type conductivity, but becomes a semiconductor when the pressure is increased above 16,000 atm. The electrical resistance increases tenfold as the pressure is increased to 39,000 atm and drops to about 80% of its standard temperature- pressure resistivity at a pressure of 40,000 atm. Natural ytterbium is a mixture of seven stable isotopes. Twenty-six other unstable isotopes and isomers are known. Ytterbium metal has possible use in improving the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. One isotope is reported to have been used as a radiation source as a substitute for a portable X-ray machine where electricity is unavailable. Few other uses have been found. Ytterbium metal is available with a purity of about 99.9% for about $10/g. Ytterbium has a low acute toxicity rating.

6.8 Uses: Ytterbium is being applied to numerous fiber amplifier and fiber optic technologies and in various lasing applications.
Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistance when subjected to very high stresses. This property is used in stress gauges for monitoring ground deformations from earthquakes and nuclear explosions.
Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. Some Ytterbium alloys have rarely been used in dentistry.
It is also used as in thermal barrier system bond coatings on nickel, iron and other transitional metal alloy substrates.
Ytterbium Metal, is being applied in improving the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel and alloys. The 169Yb has been used as a radiation source in portable X-ray machines.169Yb is also used in nuclear medicine. Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. Some ytterbium alloys have rarely been used in dentistry.
Ytterbium Metal can be further processed to various shapes of ingots, pieces, wires, foils, slabs, rods, discs and powder.

6.9 Uses: There is not much commercial use for ytterbium. Radioactive ytterbium can be used for asmall portable X-ray source and as an alloy to make special types of strong steel. The oxides ofytterbium are used to make lasers and some synthetic gemstones.

6.10 Definition: A soft malleable silvery element having two allotropes and belonging to the lanthanoid series of metals. It occurs in association with other lanthanoids. Ytterbium has been used to improve the mechanical properties of steel. Symbol: Yb; m.p. 824°C; b.p. 1193°C; r.d. 6.965 (20°C); p.n. 70; r.a.m. 173.04.

6.11 Definition: ytterbium: Symbol Yb. A silverymetallic element belonging to thelanthanoids; a.n. 70; r.a.m. 173.04;r.d. 6.965 (20°C); m.p. 819°C; b.p.1194°C. It occurs in gadolinite, monazite,and xenotime. There are sevennatural isotopes and ten artificial isotopesare known. It is used in certainsteels. The element was discoveredby Jean de Marignac (1817–94) in1878.

6.12 Definition: A metallic element. A rare-earth metal of yttrium subgroup, atomic number 70, aw 173.04, valence of 2, 3; exists in α and β forms, the latter being semiconductive at pressures above 16,000 atm. There are seven natural isotopes.

6.13 Hazard: Ytterbium dust and powder can explode and may be toxic if inhaled. The compound.ytterbium arsenate is a poison.

6.14 Safety Profile: As a lanthanon it maj7 have an anticoagulant action on blood. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Flammable in the form of dust when reacted with air, halogens. See also LANTHANUM and RARE EARTHS.

6.15 Usage: Used for phosphors, ceramic capacitors, ferrite devices, pulsed lasers and catalysts. Use in improving the strength and mechanical properties of stainless steel. Used in Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes, including thermal and electron-beam (e-beam) evaporation, for the preparation of thin films.

7. Computational chemical data

Molecular Weight: 173.05400g/mol
Molecular Formula: Yb
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
XLogP3-AA: null
Exact Mass: 173.9388675
Monoisotopic Mass: 173.9388675
Complexity: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0
Heavy Atom Count: 1
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint: AAADcQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==

8. Question & Answer

Solubility and heat release of ytterbium (III) sulfate in water Aug 27 2021
Question: The plot of solubility of some salts against temperature is given on the right. A salt like N a C l " style="position: relative;" tabindex="0" id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="MathJax" N a C l N a C l can be recovered fully, when dissolved in a solvent and the solvent is removed by eva...

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