The Complete Guide to Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: Uses

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is a commonly used antibiotic with extensive applications and significant pharmacological effects. As a member of the streptomycin class of antibiotics, dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is widely employed in the medical field for treating various infectious diseases such as respiratory and skin infections. Its unique chemical structure and antimicrobial mechanism confer superior antibacterial activity and broad-spectrum efficacy. This paper aims to delve into the definition, applications, and properties of dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, intending to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of this important antibiotic and promote its wider application and further research in the medical field.

Overview of Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate:

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, also known as Dihydrostreptomycin Sesquisulfate, has the molecular formula C40H86N14O37S3 and dihydrostreptomycin sulfate molecular weight of 1461.41. It is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal properties. Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This antibiotic exhibits activity against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is used in the treatment of conditions such as pulmonary tuberculosis and leptospirosis. It is a derivative of streptomycin with antibacterial activity and is soluble in aqueous solutions.

What is dihydrostreptomycin sulfate used for?

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is utilized as an antibiotic for treating severe bacterial infections. It belongs to the class of aminoglycoside antibiotics and acts by inhibiting bacterial growth. However, due to the risk of severe side effects, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration withdrew approval for all drugs containing dihydrostreptomycin sulfate in the United States. Its applications include:

(1) Antimicrobial Action:

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is effective against a variety of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. It is particularly useful in treating infections caused by organisms such as:

- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tuberculosis)

- Leptospira (Leptospirosis)

(2) Research Purposes:

Due to its mechanism of action, dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is still used in research to study the uptake and selection of aminoglycosides in cell cultures.

Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate MSDS:

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is a potentially hazardous substance if mishandled. It is essential to refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) before handling this material. MSDS, now commonly referred to as Safety Data Sheets (SDS), contains information about material hazards, how to handle it safely, and emergency procedures in case of incidents. Based on SDS provided by different suppliers, here are some key points about dihydrostreptomycin sulfate:

Emergency Measures:

• (1) After Inhalation: If necessary, loosen clothing and place the person in a comfortable position. Provide plenty of fresh air. Perform artificial respiration if necessary. Provide oxygen if breathing is difficult. Seek medical attention if coughing or other symptoms occur.
• (2) After Skin Contact: Gently wash exposed skin with soap and water for 15-20 minutes. Seek medical attention if discomfort or irritation persists.
• (3) After Eye Contact: Protect unexposed eyes. Gently rinse exposed eyes with water for 15-20 minutes. If possible, remove contact lenses during rinsing. Seek medical attention if irritation persists or concerns arise.
• (4) After Ingestion: Thoroughly rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Individuals with exposure should drink small amounts of water. Seek medical attention if irritation, discomfort, or vomiting persists. Do not administer anything by mouth to unconscious individuals.
• (5) Most Important Symptoms and Effects, Acute and Delayed: Nausea may occur, accompanied by headaches and shortness of breath (dyspnea). It may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. It may trigger respiratory and skin allergic reactions. It may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Prevention:

• (1) Proper Engineering Controls: Emergency eye wash stations and safety showers should be provided near the use/handling area. Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to maintain vapor or dust concentrations (total/inhalable) below applicable workplace exposure limits (Occupational Exposure Limits - OELs). It is recommended that all dust control equipment for this product, such as local exhaust ventilation and material handling systems, contain explosion-proof vents or explosion-proof systems or oxygen-deficient environments. Ensure that dust handling systems (such as exhaust pipes, dust collectors, containers, and processing equipment) are designed to prevent dust from entering the work area.
• (2) Respiratory Protection: Not required under normal use conditions. If risk assessment indicates that air purifying respirators are appropriate, use N100 type (US) or P3 type (EN143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. Use NIOSH-approved respiratory equipment if necessary.
• (3) Skin Protection: Select impermeable and material-resistant glove materials. Choose glove materials based on diffusion and degradation rates. Gloves should be handled in accordance with relevant laws and good laboratory practices after use. Use proper glove removal techniques, avoiding contact with the outer surface. Avoid skin contact with used gloves. Wear protective clothing.
• (4) Eye Protection: Wear eye protection devices tested and approved according to appropriate government standards (such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU)). Safety glasses or goggles are appropriate eye protection.
• (5) General Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work. Avoid skin, eye, and clothing contact. Clean contaminated clothing before wearing.

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate solubility

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is freely soluble in water solutions, indicating easy solubility in water at room temperature. There may be slight variations in solubility values between different sources. The predicted water solubility listed by Drugbank is 16.0 mg/mL. However, individual solubility tests may vary slightly due to factors such as temperature or between batches. It is worth noting that dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is insoluble in certain organic solvents such as DMSO.

What is the CAS for dihydrostreptomycin sulfate?

The CAS Registry Number (CAS RN), also known as a CAS Number, is a unique identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) to each chemical substance described in the open scientific literature. CAS numbers are used to index substances in the CAS registry, a database containing information on over 155 million chemical substances. CAS registration is an essential resource for scientists, researchers, and regulatory agencies worldwide. The CAS number for dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is 5490-27-7.

Handling and Storage

(1) Safety Precautions

Minimize the generation and accumulation of dust as much as possible. Adhere to good hygiene practices when handling chemical materials. Refer to Section 8. Wash hands after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Avoid inhalation and ingestion. Refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, or using personal items while handling chemicals. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.

(2) Conditions for Safe Storage, including any incompatibilities:

Prevent freezing and physical damage. Keep away from food and beverages. Seal containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances. Avoid storage near extreme heat, ignition sources, or open flames.

Conclusion

In conclusion, dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is an antibiotic widely used in the medical field, with its unique chemical structure and mechanism of action making it one of the important drugs for treating various infectious diseases. In recent years, with the increasing severity of antibiotic resistance, research and application of dihydrostreptomycin sulfate also face new challenges and opportunities. In the future, further research into the pharmacology and antibacterial mechanisms of dihydrostreptomycin sulfate is needed, continuously exploring its new uses and applications in clinical treatment and infection prevention. At the same time, rational use and management of antibiotics need to be strengthened to protect human health and ensure the sustainable use of antibiotic resources.

References:

[1] https://go.drugbank.com/salts/DBSALT001676

[2]https://www.fishersci.com/store/msdspartNumber=S25797&productDescription=STREPTOMYCIN+SULFATE+5+G&vendorId=VN00115888&countryCode=US&language=en

[3] https://goldbio.com/product/3149/dihydrostreptomycin-sulfate

[4] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/21653