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The Arsenic trifluoride Lewis structure is As–F single bond, As–F single bond and As–F single bond; the central As has 4 electron domains (1 lone pair), giving a tetrahedral electron-domain arrangement and a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry with a ≈107° bond angle. As is best described as sp3-hybridized, and Arsenic trifluoride is polar because the trigonal pyramidal shape (and/or unequal terminal atoms) prevents cancellation of the bond dipoles.
Figure 1: Lewis Structure of Arsenic trifluoride (AsF3)
| Chemical Formula | AsF3 |
| CAS Number | 7784-35-2 |
| Total Valence Electrons | 26 |
| Lewis Structure | As–F single bond, As–F single bond and As–F single bond |
| Electron-Domain Geometry | tetrahedral |
| Molecular Geometry | trigonal pyramidal |
| Hybridization Model | sp3 (central As) |
| Bond Angle | ≈107° |
| Polarity | Polar molecule |
Arsenic trifluoride is encountered as a reagent, intermediate or specialty chemical in inorganic, organometallic and materials synthesis. Confirm grade, purity and supplier documentation (SDS) before specifying for a process.
To draw the Arsenic trifluoride Lewis structure we first count the total valence electrons. AsF3 contains 5 (As) + 3×7 (F); the net charge of 0 gives a total of 26 valence electrons to place.
The central atom is As. It is the least electronegative atom capable of forming multiple bonds and is surrounded by the more electronegative terminal atom(s); hydrogen, when present, always occupies a terminal position. Electronegativity considerations place the electron density toward the terminal atom(s).
Total valence electrons = 5 (As) + 3×7 (F) = 26 electrons.
Place As at the center and connect each surrounding atom with a single bond, complete octets on the terminal atoms, and place any remaining electrons on the central atom. The resulting electron distribution is: As–F single bond, As–F single bond and As–F single bond; one lone pair on As.
Counting bonding and nonbonding electrons around As therefore satisfies the octet/expanded-octet requirement for the drawn structure.
VSEPR theory states that the 4 electron domains around As arrange to minimize mutual repulsion, giving an tetrahedral electron-domain geometry.
Because 1 of these domains are lone pair(s) — and lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs — the observed molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal; the As bond angle is set to ≈107° rather than the ideal value for the electron-domain geometry.
A useful VSEPR approximation is: lone pair–lone pair repulsion > lone pair–bonding pair repulsion > bonding pair–bonding pair repulsion. With 1 lone pair(s) on As, the lone-pair domains occupy positions that minimize overall repulsion while pushing the bonding domains (and therefore the bonded atoms) closer together.
In the conventional localized-bond model, As uses sp3 hybrid orbitals to form the 4 equivalent electron-domain directions (3 bonding + 1 lone pair).
Formal charge on central As = V − N − ½B = 5 − 2 − ½×6 = 0. The preferred Lewis structure carries zero formal charge on the central atom (and on the terminals), so it is the dominant contributor.
Arsenic trifluoride is polar. The trigonal pyramidal shape prevents cancellation of the bond dipoles. The bond dipoles do not cancel, leaving a net molecular dipole, which strongly influences solvation behavior and intermolecular interactions.
The decisive structural fact is not simply that the individual bonds are polar; it is whether molecular symmetry allows their vector sum to vanish. In Arsenic trifluoride the trigonal pyramidal arrangement prevents cancellation, so a permanent dipole remains.
Interpretation consistent with standard VSEPR / molecular-geometry references.This polarity profile underpins its behavior as a solvent, reactant or process intermediate; when sourcing, specify grade and container compatibility.
| Species | Formula | Central Atom | Electron Domains | Molecular Geometry | Polarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenic trifluoride | AsF3 | As | 4 | trigonal pyramidal | Polar |
| Carbon dioxide | CO2 | C | 2 | linear | Nonpolar |
| Carbon monoxide | CO | C | 2 | linear (diatomic) | Polar |
| Carbon disulfide | CS2 | C | 2 | linear | Nonpolar |
Arsenic trifluoride is polar. Its trigonal pyramidal geometry (and/or unequal terminal atoms) stops the bond dipoles from cancelling.
As–F single bond, As–F single bond and As–F single bond; one lone pair on As. It uses all 26 valence electrons and the preferred structure carries zero formal charge on the central atom.
The As angle is about ≈107°. Lone-pair repulsion compresses the angle from the ideal tetrahedral value.
The conventional model is sp3. Arsenic trifluoride has 4 electron domains around the central As.
The CAS number is 7784-35-2. PubChem (CID 24571) and NIST identify this with AsF3; use it to locate suppliers and database records.
Technical scope: Lewis structures, VSEPR and hybridization are model-based descriptions for chemical communication and structure prediction; actual molecular electronic structure is more accurately represented by molecular-orbital and quantum-chemical methods. Commercial grades vary substantially by supplier and intended use; CAS 7784-35-2 identifies the substance, not a universal purity specification.
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