Янтарная кислота

Янтарная кислота (CAS 110-15-6) — это бесцветное кристаллическое вещество без выраженного запаха, хорошо растворимое в воде и этаноле, с температурой плавления около 185–187 °C и склонностью к сублимации при повышенных температурах. С химической точки зрения она относится к алифатическим дикарбоновым кислотам и является естественным метаболитом цикла Кребса. В промышленности янтарная кислота широко используется как важный органический промежуточный продукт для синтеза полимеров, таких как полибутадиен-янтарная кислота и сополимеры с бутадиеном, а также в производстве пластификаторов, смазочных добавок и коррозионных ингибиторов. Её основные применение охватывают секторы фармацевтики (синтез активных фармацевтических ингредиентов и солей), агрохимии (стимуляторы роста растений и комплексообразующие агенты), а также производство пищевых добавок и косметических компонентов.

Succinic acid (COOH(CH2)2COOH) is a carboxylic acid used in food (as an acidulant), pharmaceutical (as an excipient), personal care (soaps) and chemical (pesticides, dyes and lacquers) industries. Bio-based succinic acid is seen as an important platform chemical for the production of biodegradable plastics and as a substitute of several chemicals (such as adipic acid).Succinic Acid is widely used in the food industry as a chelating agent and as a pH adjuster. The FDA has granted Succinic Acid with the GRAS status (Generally Recognised as Safe Substance). Studies conducted within the food industry show Succinic Acid has anti-oxidant properties: even though this does not imply the same will be exerted when the substance is applied topically, it gives an indication that suitable tests could be carried out to understand whether Succinic Acid maintain such effect once formulated in a cosmetic product. Succinic Acid is also used as an intermediate to manufacture several chemicals, amongst which raw materials for the cosmetic and personal-care industry, e.g. emollients, surfactants and emulsifiers.
Succinic acid is a normal constituent of almost all plant and animal tissues. Succinic anhydride is the dehydration product of the acid. Succinic acid was first obtained as the distillate from amber (Latin, Succinum) for which it is named. It occurs in beet, brocoli, rhubarb, sauerkraut, cheese, meat, molasses, eggs, peat, coal, fruits, honey, and urine (Gardner, 1972; Winstrom, 1978; Doores, 1989). It is formed by the chemical and biochemical oxidation of fats, by alcoholic fermentation of sugar, and in numerous catalyzed oxidation processes. Succinic acid is also a major byproduct in the manufacture of adipic acid.