كربونات الليثيوم

كربونات الليثيوم (Li₂CO₃) مادة صلبة بلورية بيضاء غير قابلة للتطاير، وذات طعم مالح خفيف، وتتصف بانحلالها المحدود في الماء وانصهارها عند درجة حرارة تقارب 723°م دون غليان واضح. وتصنَّف كيميائيًّا كملح غير عضوي لحمض الكربونيك، وتُعتبر من المركبات القلوية الضعيفة المستقرة حراريًّا نسبيًّا. وتُستخدم بشكل رئيسي كمادة أولية حاسمة في إنتاج بطاريات الليثيوم-أيون، كما تدخل في تصنيع الزجاج والخزف عالي الجودة لتحسين انسيابيته ومقاومته للحرارة. وفي المجال الصيدلاني، تُوظَّف كعلاج دوائي مُنظِّم للمزاج في حالات الاضطراب ثنائي القطب، بينما تُستخدَم في صناعات أخرى مثل مواد التلميع والطلاء المتخصصة والمواد المضافة للسبائك المعدنية.

The lithium carbonate industry is a global high monopoly industry, the current production capacity is mainly concentrated in three foreign manufacturers of SQM, FMC, Chemetall and so on.Industrial lithium carbonate is used in the manufacture of other lithium salts, such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide and so on. It also acts as lithium oxide materials in enamel, glass, pottery and porcelain enamel, and it is also added to the electrolytic cell for electrolysis of aluminum to increase the current efficiency and reduce the internal resistance of the cell and the bath temperature. In medicine, it is mainly used for the treatment of mania, can improve their emotional disorders for schizophrenia. It has the effect of elevating peripheral leukocytes; can be used for synthetic rubber, dyes, semiconductor and military defense industry and so on; for the production of lithium tantalate, lithium niobate and other acoustic grade single crystal, optical grade monocrystalline etc; for preparation of the acoustic grade single crystal.Battery grade lithium carbonate is mainly used for the preparation of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate and other lithium ion battery cathode materials; used in a matrix modifier; as aneuroprotective effect of lithium carbonate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Lithium carbonate is a white monoclinic crystalline solid. Typically for carbonates, lithium carbonate reacts with acids stronger than carbon dioxide or carbonic acid to yield the lithium salt of the acid and carbon dioxide. The reactions may be carried out in a solution, as an aqueous slurry, or, less effectively, with solid lithium carbonate.Lithium carbonate exhibits a low water solubility for an alkali metal carbonate. The solubility decreases with increasing temperature. It is not hygroscopic and is generally stable when exposed to the atmosphere. In fact, it is the normal end compound encountered when many basic lithium compounds are exposed to the atmosphere. Lithium carbonate may be dissolved in water by conversion to the hydrogen carbonate. Releasing carbon dioxide by heating the solution of lithium hydrogen carbonate causes reprecipitation of the lithium carbonate.