フッ化水素

フッ化水素は、無色で発煙性の液体または気体であり、鋭く刺激的な臭気を持ち、揮発性が高い。沸点は19.5 ℃、融点は–83.6 ℃である。フッ化水素は無機酸であり、既知のプロトン供与体の中でも最も強いものの一つであるが、液相および水溶液中では水素結合を介したオリゴマーとして存在する。産業的には、フッ化水素は主に有機・無機合成における重要なフッ素化剤および触媒として用いられ、特にフッ素化炭素化合物、フッ素化ポリマー（例：ポリテトラフルオロエチレン）、冷媒の製造に不可欠である。また、アルミニウム製錬用のフッ化アルミニウム、原子力燃料加工用の六フッ化ウラン、およびアルキル化反応による高オクタン価ガソリン成分の製造にも不可欠である。その主な応用分野には、フッ素化ポリマー、冷媒、農薬、医薬品、および特殊無機化学品が含まれる。

(1) Hydrofluoric acid is mainly used as the raw materials of fluorine compounds, also used in the manufacture of aluminum fluoride and cryolite. Moreover, it can be applied to semiconductor surface etching and used as alkylation catalyst.In the electronics industry, it can be used as a strong acid corrosion agent, being able to be used in conjunction with nitric acid, acetic acid, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide.(2) It can be used as analytical reagents, but also for the preparation of high purity fluoride.(3) It is the indispensable fluoride source for fluorine salts, fluorine refrigerants, fluorine plastics, fluorine rubber and fluorine medicine and pesticides.(4) It is the raw materials for the production of refrigerants, "Freon", fluorine-containing resins, organic fluoride and fluoride. In chemical production, it can be used as the catalysts of the organic synthesis such as alkylation, polymerization, condensation and isomerization. (5) It can also be used for corrosion of stratum upon the exploitation of certain deposits as well as the extraction of rare earth elements and radioactive elements. In the atomic energy industry and nuclear weapons production, it is the raw materials for the manufacture of uranium hexafluoride. It is also the raw materials for the production of rocket fuel and additives. Moreover, it can also be used for corrosion of glass and impregnation of wood.(6) It is used for the manufacture of organic or inorganic fluoride, such as fluorocarbons, sodium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, uranium hexafluoride and cryolite. It can also be applied to stainless steel, non-ferrous metal pickling, glass instrumentation scale, glassware and the engraving and lettering of mirror as well as glassware polishing, frosted bulb and general bulb treatment, silicon-removing purification of metal graphite, desanding of the metal casting, the removal of the graphite ash and the manufacturing of semiconductor (germanium, silicon) manufacturing. It can also be used for dye synthesis and used as the catalyst for other organic synthesis. It can also used for electroplating, reagents, fermentation, ceramic processing and the manufacturing of fluorine-containing resin and flame retardant.(7) It can be used for etching glass, pickling metal and production of inorganic fluoride products and chemical reagents.(8) It can be applied to the atomic energy industry and the production of fluorine and fluoride. It can also used as catalyst, fluorinating agent for the manufacturing of organic or inorganic fluoride. Moreover, it can be applied to the pickling of stainless steel and non-ferrous metal, the scrub and pickling of glassware as well as the processing of frosted bulb.
無色の気体で、刺激臭がある

この化学物質は基礎化学品-フッ素化学に含まれています。フッ化水素とは何か、およびフッ化水素のSDS情報について詳しくご覧ください。