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China and the United States are the leading exporters of phosphorus pentachloride, accounting for the largest shares of global shipments in recent years, while India, Germany, and South Korea represent the top importing countries. Phosphorus pentachloride prices have remained relatively stable amid consistent demand from agrochemical and pharmaceutical intermediates manufacturing. Export volumes from China increased modestly in 2023–2024, while Indian imports rose steadily, reflecting expanding domestic specialty chemical production capacity.
Phosphorus pentachloride is a white to pale yellow crystalline solid at room temperature, highly hygroscopic and volatile, with a pungent, choking odor; it sublimes readily at around 160 °C and decomposes before boiling. It is an inorganic chlorinating agent and Lewis acid, classified as a reactive phosphorus halide. Industrially, it serves primarily as a chlorinating and dehydrating reagent in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds, acid chlorides, and pharmaceutical intermediates. Its key applications are in the production of agrochemicals (e.g., insecticides and herbicides), pharmaceuticals, dyes, and flame retardants. It is also employed in the manufacture of lithium hexafluorophosphate for lithium-ion battery electrolytes.
Phosphorus pentachloride is used as a chlorinating agent in many organic syntheses, such as production of alkyl and acid chlorides. It also is a catalyst in manufacturing acetylcellulose.
Yellowish crystalline powder and scales
This chemical is included in Basic Chemicals. See more about what is Phosphorus Pentachloride and Phosphorus Pentachloride SDS information.
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