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China is the world’s leading exporter of titanium dioxide, followed by Germany and the United States, while the European Union, United States, and India are the largest importers. These regions collectively account for the majority of global titanium dioxide trade volume. Exports from China have remained dominant but showed modest contraction in 2023–2024 amid tightening environmental regulations and softening demand in key downstream sectors, contributing to recent stabilization in titanium dioxide prices after prior volatility.
Titanium dioxide is a fine, white, odorless, crystalline powder that is non-volatile and thermally stable, with a melting point of approximately 1,843 °C. It is an inorganic metal oxide, not classified as organic or aromatic. Titanium dioxide is primarily used as a high-performance white pigment due to its exceptional brightness, high refractive index, and strong UV-light scattering properties. Its principal applications are in coatings (architectural and industrial paints), plastics, paper, inks, and cosmetics. It is also employed in photocatalytic and functional materials, including solar cells and self-cleaning surfaces, where its semiconductor properties are leveraged.
Titanium (IV) dioxide (TiO2), also known as rutile, is one of the best-known compoundsused as a paint pigment. It is ideal for paints exposed to severe temperatures and marineclimates because of its inertness and self-cleaning attributes. It is also used in manufacture ofglassware, ceramics, enamels, welding rods, and floor coverings.
The naturally occurring dioxide exists in three crystal forms: anatase, rutile and brookite. While rutile, the most common form, has an octahedral structure. Anatase and brookite have very distorted octahedra of oxygen atoms surrounding each titanium atom. In such distorted octahedral structures, two oxygen atoms are relatively closer to titanium than the other four oxygen atoms. Anatase is more stable than the rutile form by about 8 to 12 kJ/mol (Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Murillo, C.A and M Bochmann. 1999. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th ed, p. 697, New York: John Wiley & Sons) Other physical properties are: density 4.23g/cm3; Mohs hardness 5.8 g/cm3 ( anatase and brookite) and 6.2 g/cm3 ( rutile); index of refraction 2.488 (anatase), 2.583 (brookite) and 2.609 (rutile); melts at 1,843°C; insoluble in water and dilute acids; soluble in concentrated acids.
This chemical is included in Basic Chemicals. See more about what is Titanium dioxide and Titanium dioxide SDS information.
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